  XFree86 Video Timings HOWTO

  Eric S. Raymond <esr@thyrsus.com>
  Version 4.4, 13 Mar 2000
   <polsci@hitel.net>
  2000 5 3

     ī  տ ˸µ XFree86 
  (mode line) ϴ  մϴ.  ֱ
  XFree86      ǥ   ִ
   ԵǾ ֽϴ.    ַ  ͳ 
  ϵ  (mode line) ؾ߸ ϴ е鲲
   Դϴ.  kvideogen  Ἥ  Ѵٰų
  ǥظ尡 ڽ Ϳ   ʾƼ xvidtune  ǥظ带
  ̼ϰ ؾ     Դϴ.
  ______________________________________________________________________

  

  1. å
  2. ҰAID CDATA intro(LABEL)LABEL
  3.  ڵ ִ α׷
  4.  ÷ ۿAID CDATA video(LABEL)LABEL
  5. ÷̿ Ϳ  ⺻ AID CDATA basic(LABEL)LABEL
     5.1  ļ
     5.2   뿪
     5.3 ī ƮŬ
     5.4  ⺻ ġ  ϴ°

  6. ⺻  ؼϱAID CDATA specs(LABEL)LABEL
     6.1 뿪 
     6.2 ļ 

  7. ý  ŸAID CDATA trade(LABEL)LABEL
  8. ʿ ޸ AID CDATA sizes(LABEL)LABEL
  9.  ũ AID CDATA frame(LABEL)LABEL
  10. , ׸  ޽AID CDATA magic(LABEL)LABEL
     10.1  
     10.2  

  11. AID CDATA synth(LABEL)LABEL
  12.  AID CDATA overd(LABEL)LABEL
  13. ֻ (ͷ̽ )AID CDATA inter(LABEL)LABEL
  14.  亯AID CDATA answe(LABEL)LABEL
  15. ̹ õ ذAID CDATA fixes(LABEL)LABEL
     15.1 ̹ ¿ ġĥ 
     15.2 ̹ Ϸ ġĥ 
     15.3 ̹ ¿  ʹ ū 
     15.4 ̹ ¿ () 
     15.5 ̹ Ϸ (ª) 

  16.   ׷AID CDATA cplot(LABEL)LABEL
  17. ֽ еAID CDATA credi(LABEL)LABEL

  ______________________________________________________________________

  1.  å

        åԴϴ.  簡 ϴ
   Ѿ  ͸ ۵ų    
  ڽſ ظ ų  ֽϴ. ڼ ǻ ``
  '' κ оʽÿ.      
  Ϳ ߻  ִ ش   ڽ åԴϴ.
   HOWTO  ֽ    Ʈ
  <http://metalab.unc.edu/LDP>   ã  ֽϴ.

  ̳ , ؾ   esr@snark.thyrsus.com 
  ֽʽÿ. û  Ư   ذش޶ 
   ֽʽÿ. ׷   Ǹų ̰ μ
  ð Դϴ.     ƴ    ӿ 
  ֽϴ.

  2.  Ұ

  XFree86  ڰ  ڽ  ý  
  Ƿ ߸ ϸ ϵ ɷ ִ ̲ 
  ֽϴ.   ī Ϳ ȭ Ÿ̹ ġ
  ϴ  մϴ.

  켱  ý ۵Ű   ,  ⺻
   Ը  ´ ȭ  ɶ ϳ 
  ڽϴ.

   X 츦 Ư 忡   ֱ ѵ ȭ鿡 ణ 
  ִ (Ư, ̸  VESA Ͽ  ȭ
   ϴµ ȭ ¿ ġƴٵ ʹ ũų  ),
  ٷ ``̹ õ ذ''  ǳʶٽñ ٶϴ. 
   Ÿ̹ ġ ̼Ͽ ϴ ȿ  
  մϴ.

  X  ġؼ ó ۽  ù ȭ ̶ؼ ٷ
   Ʃ׹   ʿ ϴ;    
  ǥ Դϴ. , ȭ  Ǿٸ Ƹ
  Ե  ϵ  Ʈ   ϳ  
  ȸ¾ұ  Դϴ. Ʃ׹  ϴ  CTRL-
  ALT-(Űе Ű)+ Ű Ἥ  ġ   ϳ 
  ʽÿ.       Ѵٸ  ٸ 
   ּó صΰ 640x480 常   ϴ Ȯϼ. 
  ϸ  800x600 ̳ 1024x768    Ͱ ó 
  ִ  ļ  ϳϳ üũ ʽÿ.

  ׹ۿ  ɸ ȹ  Դϴ.  ֱٿ ǥ
  XFree86 4.0  ̹   ټ DDC, , VESA Display Data
  Channel  մϴ. DDC  ۵ ,  ʹ XFree86
   Ͱ ϴ  ġ ˷ݴϴ.  XFree86
  4.0  ֱٿ ϵ ͸  ִٸ    
   Ű澵 ʿ䰡  Դϴ.

  3.   ڵ ִ α׷

  PnP  ϴ   (1996  ) 
  ִٸ read-edid α׷ Ἥ  Ư ´ 
  ڵ Ҽ ֽϴ.
  <http://altern.org/vii/programs/linux/read-edid/>  ȮϽʽÿ.

  XFree86 3.2 ʹ XF86Setup(1) α׷  ֽϴ. 
  α׷  ڰ ȭ   带  
  Ƿ ռ  Ÿ̹ ڸ ϴ Ӹ  ʿ䰡
  ϴ.  ǻ κ 쿡 ־ ⺻  带 
    ʿ  Դϴ.  ϰԵ XF86Setup(1) 
   Ѱ谡 ֽϴ;  α׷ 1280x1024  ǥ 
  常    Դϴ.  1600x1200 ̻ ʰ
  ͸  ִٸ ׶  ⺻带 ռ ؾ߸
  մϴ.

  KVideoGen <http://without.netpedia.net/kvideogen/> ̶ KDE 
  α׷ Ϳ ī ⺻ġ  
  ݴϴ. ڴ  KVideoGen  Ἥ  
  ýϴٸ     ߽ϴ.  α׷
    `refresh rate' Ķ͵ Ʒ   ļ HSF
   VSF  شմϴ. `horizontal sync pulse' ġ ũμ
   ޽  HSP  ϴ  ϴ(KVideoGen  `front
  porch' HGT1  `back porch' HGT2    մϴ). 
  `horizontal sync pulse' ġ 𸥴ٸ Ʈ    
  Դϴ.

  ֱ  XFree86  ִ xvidtune(1) ̶ α׷ 
  ϰ  带 ׽Ʈϰ ƩҼ ֽϴ.  α׷ ù
  ȭ鿡 ߸     ù 
  ϰֽϴٸ    ؼ xvidtune   ׸
  ڵ ǹϴ ٸ Ȯ ˰Եȴٸ ڽְ xvidtune α׷
  ȿ    Դϴ.

  xvidtune(1)  ϸ X  ȭ ϰų X  ٽ
   ʰ ٷ ο 带 غ  ֽϴ. Ǵٸ
  δ, X   Xconfig ȭϿ ǵ  尣
  Ű ȯ  ֽϴ(ڼ  XFree86.man  ʽÿ). 
   Ἥ ȭ   Ȳ ! ο 带
  ׽Ʈ   忡   ̸ ٿ Ű Ʈ 
  ߰Űʽÿ. ̹  ϴ 带 Ʈ Ƶ , ׽Ʈ
  尡   Ű Ἥ   ƿ ˴ϴ.

    κп `modeplot' ũƮ ֽϴ. ̸ ̿ϸ
  밡  ׷ ׷  ֽϴ.  ũƮ 
     ʽϴٸ   ϴµ
    Դϴ.

  4.   ÷ ۿ

  Xconfig ȭ  ׸  ġ ־ ϴ ˰ʹٸ 
  ÷ ۿ ؾ߸ մϴ.  ġ XFree86 
   ؿ ÷̸ Ʈ  ˴ϴ.

  ÷̴  Ʈ  Ͽ ȭ ϴ.
  Ʈ ʿ  迭Ǹ鼭  ϰ, ̷ 
   Ʒ 迭ν ȭ մϴ. ÷̳
  ں Ʈ εġ ,  Ʈ   شϴ 
   Ѱ մϴ.  Ʈ  ð ŭ  
     ȭ ϴ. ̸ Ͷ մϴ.

   ܿ "Ʈ  Ͽ"  ߴµ,  
  " Ʈ"  (phosphor) Ʈ   ƴմϴ.
    ǥ鿡 Ǿִ (phosphor) Ʈ 
  Ʈ ξ ۽ϴ. -- ݵ ۾ƾ߸ մϴ.  ׷ ʴٸ
  ȭ鿡 ɰ Ʒ ȿ Ÿϴ.  Ʈ ǻ Ƴα
   ȣ øμ, ȣ  簡  Ģ
  ߻ν Ÿ  ΰ Ʈ ν  Դϴ.

    ũ   ؼ  
  ̵մϴ.    ణ    ֽϴٸ ׳
  ̶ ص ū   Դϴ.  ũ  
  ϸ  Ʒ  ư ٽ  ֻ˴ϴ. 
   ȭ     Ҷ ݺǸ, ϴ 
   ϸ  ٽ  ֻ ưϴ. ̷  
  Ǯ̵Ǵ Դϴ.

  ̷  Ѱ  ִµ ̴ ͷ̽ ̶
  Դϴ; ͷ̽ Ŀ    پ ǳʶٸ 
  ֻǰ      ٵ  ξ ä
  ϴ.

  ȭ  ֻܺ ϴ   ̶ մϴ. 
     ϴܿ ߴٰ ٽ  ó ġ
   ֻ ƿ  ϴ. ,  ̶ ȭ
  ܿ ϴܱ  ֻ  ε Ǵ Դϴ.

   ں  Ⱦϴ  ٰ ִٸ ȭ 
  Ʈ   Դϴ. ׷ ȴٸ ȭ ڸ 
  ׵θκе  Դϴ.  , ڸ κ ȭ鿡 ְ
  ϴ. ÷ ڸ κп  Ʈϴ  
  Ʊ Դϴ. ̷ ְ ̱ ؼ ȭ κп
    Ʈ ߱ ʰ ϴ. ̷  ÷
  ȭ鿡  ִ Դϴ.

  ϼž Ǵٸ ߿   ȭ κп ߴٸ
  ״  Ǵ° ϴ Դϴ. ÷ ڸ 
   ð    ư ð ˴ϴ. 
   ȭ ϴ ڸ  ð   ϴܿ
   ֻ ƿµ ˴ϴ.

  ( : ߿  ġ  ƽð  ο ҴǴ
  ð Ϻθ ȭ µ ̿˴ϴ.  ȭ  ϸ
   ð  ġ ǵµ ȴٴ Դϴ)

    ī ں (ϴ ) ߻Ű ȣ
  ÷ ġ  ÷ ġ ̸ ޾  Ʈ
  ֻϿ ȭ ϴ.  ī  򵿱ȣ ޽
  ȣ     پƷ  ó ƿ
  մϴ. 򵿱 ޽    Ѱ ߻մϴ. ,
  ȣ ޽    ֻ ƿ ˴ϴ.
   ޽   κп ߻մϴ.

  ÷ ں ġ  ȮǱ ؼ ,
  ȣ յڷ ª ణ ð ʿմϴ. 
   ϸ ȭ Ҿϴ.

   ڼ  TV    ý
  <http://fribble.cie.rpi.edu/~repairfaq/REPAIR/F_deflfaq.html>
  Ͻʽÿ.

    ̷  ׵鿡  , ,  
  ٷڽϴ.

  5.  ÷̿ Ϳ  ⺻ 

  Xconfig   ׸ ŷϱ   ⺻ ׵ ˰
  ־߸ մϴ.

  o   ,  ļ ɼ

  o   뿪(bandwidth)

  o     Ŭ ļ,  "Ʈ Ŭ"

  5.1.   ļ

    ļ Ͱ ʿ  ĵ ̳ ֻҼ
  ִ° մϴ;  ġ  Ϳ ־  ߿
  ġԴϴ.   ļ ʿ   ̳ ȾҼ
  ִ°Դϴ.
  ļ    κп ֽϴ.  
  ļ ַ KHz,  ļ ַ Hz (1 ʰ ݺȽ)
  ǥմϴ. ļ  50-150 Hz ̳̰ ļ 
  31-135 KHz ̳Դϴ.

  Ƽũ    ļ  ġ ƴ 
   ǥõ˴ϴ. ݸ Ϻ ͵, Ư  ͵鿡 
  ļ     Դϴ.    
  ٲٴ  ϱ մϴٸ  ü ̿  Ǿ
     Ƽũ Ϳ  ũ پϴ.  
  ػ󵵸    ļ ϼ ---  
  ļ  Ϳ  ε   ǵ
   Ŭ ų  Ͱ  ջ  ִٴ Դϴ.

   ħ ʱ  밨ϰ Ƽũ ͸
  ׾ϴ.        ļ
  ִ밪ٵ    ͸ ״ Դϴ. ̿ 
    ʿ䰡  ޾ҽϴ.    ``
  '' κп ٷڽϴ.

  5.2.    뿪

    뿪    κп ֽϴ.
    ʴٸ    ְ ػ κ .
  ĢԴϴٸ  ػ󵵸 뷫 뿪 ȯ
  Դϴ(ÿ ̴ 밡 ƮŬ 뷫 Ѱ̱⵵
  մϴ).

       640x480               25 MHz
       800x600               36 MHz
       1024x768              65 MHz
       1024x768 interlaced   45 MHz
       1280x 1024           110 MHz
       1600x1200            185 MHz

   ġ   ƴմϴ. XFree86  ǥظ  ̽
  ִ  ػ󵵺   ƮŬ Դϴ(,  
  ڰ  Դϴ).   뿪 Ƹ 
  ּҰٴ  ū  Դϴ.     MHz  
  ƮŬ Ѵؼ ׸ ̸ ʿ ϴ.

   뿪 65 MHz  ƮŬ    ʽϴ.
  κ ػ  , SVGA ī   뿪
  Ѱ谪 ξ ġ  Ǳ Դϴ. 
  .

                                        뿪
  -----------------------------------------------------------
  NEC 4D                                          75 MHz
  Nano 907a                                       50 MHz
  Nano 9080i                                      60 MHz
  Mitsubishi HL6615                               110 MHz
  Mitsubishi Diamond Scan                         100 MHz
  IDEK MF-5117                                    65 MHz
  IOCOMM Thinksync-17 CM-7126                     136 MHz
  HP D1188A                                       100 MHz
  Philips SC-17AS                                 110 Mhz
  Swan SW617                                      85 MHz
  Viewsonic 21PS                                  185 MHz
  PanaSync/Pro P21                                220 MHz

    Ͷ  κ  ǥػ󵵿 ɰ
  뿪  Ű ʽϴ. NEC Multsync II ʹ 
  Դϴ ---     800x600 ȭ  ϴ
   ֽϴ. ܿ 800x560 ۿ  մϴ. ̿Ͱ
  ػ󵵿  ƮŬ̳  뿪 ʿ Դϴ.
  Ƹ  Ҽ ִ  32Mhz  36 Mhz ٵ Ѵ
     뿪 30 Mhz  ũ   ƴմϴ.

   ΰ  ļ ¼ ȭ Ѹŭ  
   ֽϴٸ и     Դϴ.  NEC
  Multisync II  36 MHz    뿪 ߴ 
   Դϴ.  ̹ ְ ų  ȭ  
  ƴ϶ ؽƮ ۾ Ϲ 뵵 µ   
  Դϴ( ȭ   ڴٸ    
  ˷ְ).

  5.3.  ī ƮŬ

  ,  ī ޴  κп  ī ִ
  ƮŬ(ʿ ȭ鿡 Ҽ ִ ȼ ִ밪) ֽϴ.

    ġ 𸥴ٸ X  ãƳ ֽϴ. ֱ  X
    --probeonly ɼ ؼ X  簡ϰų 
  带 ٲ ʰ ʿ   ݴϴ.

   -probeonly ɼ ص Ǹ ʿ ϴ. ־  X
    Ͱ  ȴٰ ϴ X  Ŭ  ׿ ٸ
   ǥ    ֽϴ.  ǥ   ȭϷ
  ϵ صθ Ͱ  Ǿ  Ҽ ۿ 
  ˾Ƴ  ȭϿ ״ ǰ ˴ϴ.

  probe  statup ޽    Դϴ.

  XFree86  ϴ  :

    Xconfig: /usr/X11R6/lib/X11/Xconfig
    (**) stands for supplied, (--) stands for probed/default values
    (**) Mouse: type: MouseMan, device: /dev/ttyS1, baudrate: 9600
    Warning: The directory "/usr/andrew/X11fonts" does not exist.
             Entry deleted from font path.
    (**) FontPath set to "/usr/lib/X11/fonts/misc/,/usr/lib/X11/fonts/75dpi/"
    (--) S3: card type: 386/486 localbus
    (--) S3: chipset:   924
                        ---
        Ĩ --  κ Ȯ Ĩ  Ÿ ֽϴ.
                86C911 Ĩ ʱ ̱.

    (--) S3: chipset driver: s3_generic
    (--) S3: videoram:  1024k
                        -----
              κ      ũ⸦ Ÿϴ.

    (**) S3: clocks:  25.00  28.00  40.00   3.00  50.00  77.00  36.00  45.00
    (**) S3: clocks:   0.00   0.00  79.00  31.00  94.00  65.00  75.00  71.00
                      ------------------------------------------------------
                          MHz  Ÿ 밡  ļԴϴ.

    (--) S3: Maximum allowed dot-clock: 110MHz
                                        ------
                                      뿪(Bandwidth)Դϴ.
    (**) S3: Mode "1024x768": mode clock =  79.000, clock used =  79.000
    (--) S3: Virtual resolution set to 1024x768
    (--) S3: Using a banksize of 64k, line width of 1024
    (--) S3: Pixmap cache:
    (--) S3: Using 2 128-pixel 4 64-pixel and 8 32-pixel slots
    (--) S3: Using 8 pages of 768x255 for font caching

  SGCS  X/inside X  ϴ  :

  WGA: 86C911 (mem: 1024k clocks: 25 28 40 3 50 77 36 45 0 0 79 31 94 65 75 71)
  ---  ------       -----         --------------------------------------------
   |     |            |                MHz  밡  ļ
   |     |            +--      ũ
   |     +-- Ĩ 
   +--  

  : ǵ ǻͿ ٸ ϰ  ¿ ϼ. ֳϸ X
    α׷̱  X  Ÿ̹  ũ ۾
  ÿ ̷ų Ѵٸ  ġ ü Ȯ  ֱ
  Դϴ.  ȸ     ġ   
  ȮϽʽÿ;    ߳ϴٸ    
  ٸ μ ׿. 콺  μ ִٸ ̸
  ׿. Ư 콺   򰥸 
  ϴ(   gpm, SVr4 ڵ mousemgr Դϴ).

  Ŭ  Ȯ  Ϸ   ġ 
  Xconfig ȭ Clocks Ӽ κп ־ մϴ --- ̴ Ÿ̹
   Ű X  Ȯ Ŭ ϰ ݴϴ.  
   ͸ ϸ  ϴ.

    wga
            Clocks  25 28 40 3 50 77 36 45 0 0 79 31 94 65 75 71

  ۾   ý  ˼  X   ʴ
  찡 Ȥ ִµ ̷ Ŭġ ָ ̸   ֽϴ.
  Ȥ, ý Ϸ ؼ X  ߸ Ÿ̹  , 
  ͺ̽ ׿ شϴ ƮŬ ã ų ߸
  ƮŬ ã  ֱ Դϴ.

  5.4.   ⺻ ġ  ϴ°

   ī ƮŬ  ļ 뿪 밡
  ñ ػ󵵸 ϴ.  ̴ ̹ ϵ
  ɷ 󸶸ŭ  ִ ޷ ֽϴ.  ϵ
  Ǿ ϴ ׿ ϴ  ̽ ̹ ٸ
   Ұմϴ. ݸ 뼺  ̽ ̹ 
     ϵ    ɷ̻
  ̲  ֽϴ. ̰ XFree86   öԴϴ.

    ƮŬ   뿪 ĪѾ մϴ.
   κп    ֽϴ. --  ͵ 
  뿪 30 % ̻ ؼ ų  ֽϴ.  輺 δ
      ļ 󸶸ŭ ų ִ° ޷
  ֽϴ. ̿ ؼ ڿ  ڼ ϰڽϴ.

  뿪  ˰ԵǸ      ֽϴ. ̸ 
  ÷ ȭ(Ư,  ǥ ) ų ִ
  Դϴ.

  6.  ⺻  ؼϱ

     ޵ (specification) ǹ  ׿ ˾ƾ 
  ͵ մϴ.   Ǹ ϰڽϴ. ȣ 
  꿡  Դϴ.

       ļ(horizontal sync frequency, HSF)
        ʴ  ĵ ( ).

       ļ(vertical sync frequency, VSF)
        ʴ  ĵ ( ). ȭ鰻 Ѱ
        ǹǷ ߿մϴ.

     ƮŬ(dot clock, DCF)
          ϸ ` Ŭ ļ(driving clock
        frequency)'Դϴ.  ī ũŻ̳ VCO  Ҽ
        ִ ʴ ִ Ʈ մϴ.

      뿪(video bandwidth, VB)
        Ϳ Է  ȭ   ִ ļ
        ִġԴϴ. ͷ̽    ī尡 ¿
         Ű    ļ ּҰ DCF 
        ݰ ǹǷ, 뿪  ̷л DCF/2  ۵˴ϴ.
          ȭ ÷̸ ؼ 뿪  DCF 
        ְġ  ߴ  ٶ  ǵ  
          ϴ.

       (frame length, HFL, VFL)
          (HFL)    Ѱ
        ĵϴµ ʿ ƮŬ ƽ(tick)  մϴ. ⿡
        ¿ 迡 ߱κб Ե˴ϴ. 
        ӱ(VFL) ü ȭ鿡 ĵ  ϴµ 
        ϴ  ߱ κб Ե Դϴ.

     ȭ (screen refresh rate, RR)
        ȭ ʴ ̳ Ǯ̵Ǿ ׷ մϴ. ٸ 
         Ʈ(frame rate) Ҹ⵵ մϴ. ļ 
        øĿ() پ     ϴ. 60
        Hz  , VESA ǥ 72 Hz   ϴ.
          ϴ.

          RR = DCF / (HFL * VFL)

       и κ μ   ػ󵵿ʹ ٸ
     μ  ׺ ū ˴ϴ. ̿  ڼ  Ʒ
     ٷڽϴ.

     ͷ̽ 忡 ǥǴ ȭ (  87Hz
     interaced) δ ӿ  Դϴ. ü ȭ
     ġ ټҰ øĿ   ÷ó Դϴٸ 
       ļ ͷ̽    󵵷
     ŵǴ Դϴ.

      Ǹ  ͷ̽ ȭ Ǯ(refresh)Ʈ
     ȯϿ ϰڽϴ. , 87 Hz interlaced  43.5 Hz Դϴ.
     ͷ̽  ȭ  Ǯ Ʈ
     ͷ̽  ȭ ϴٸ,  
     Ʈ ͷ̽  ȭٴ и
     ϴ(: 87 Hz ͷ̽  43.5 Hz ͷ̽
     庸ٴ ȭ  87 Hz ͷ̽ 庸ٴ ȭ
     ڴٴ Դϴ).

  6.1.  뿪 

   ü 뿪 ٰ ϱ⸦ ϴµ  
  뿪 ȭ intensity  ÷ȭ  ¿ϱ Դϴ.
   뿪   ǥ ϰ մϴ.

  ʹ  ȣ Ͽ ȭ մϴ. ׷ ȣ
  Ÿ ¿ Ƴα ȣ ȯǸ鼭 ̺ ° Ǿ
  Ϳ Էµ˴ϴ.  ȣ  ļ ȣ øǾ
  ϳ ¸ ̷ Դϴ.  ȣ κ MHz  
  ļ ϴ.   20 MHz, 40 MHz, 70 MHz  ȣ ϳ
  յ Դϴ.   뿪̶ ǻ Ͱ ְ
  óҼ ִ   ļ Ƴα ȣ Դϴ.

   뿪 밡   ƮŬ ϴµ ־ 
  ߿  մϴ.

  6.2.  ļ 

  ȭ  ĵ    ĵ  
  κп ش Դϴ. Ѽ   ٰ ġ ũ󿡴
  ǻ  ߱ϰ  Դϴ. ٸ װ  
    ǹǷ   ܻȿ  ڽ ̹
  ü  ִٰ "" Դϴ.  ׸  ǰڱ.

         _______________________
        |                       |
        |->->->->->->->->->->-> |
        |                      )|
        |<-----<-----<-----<--- |
        |                       |
        |                       |
        |                       |
        |                       |
        |_______________________|

  򵿱ļ  ں  ׸ó ¿ 1ʿ ̳ Ⱦϴ° Դϴ.

         _______________________
        |        ^              |
        |       ^ |             |
        |       | v             |
        |       ^ |             |
        |       | |             |
        |       ^ |             |
        |       | v             |
        |       ^ |             |
        |_______|_v_____________|

  ļ  ں  ׸ó Ϸ 1ʿ ̳ Ⱦϴ° Դϴ.

   ͽĵ ſ    ˴ϴ.  ¿
  ̸  Ϸε ̵մϴ.

   츮 Ʈ Ŭ  ̰  Ʈ  
  ִ ˼ ֽϴ. ǿ ϸ 1 Hz  ʴ  Ŭ
  ǹմϴ.  ӱ̸ HFL ̶ ϰ  ̸ VFL ̶
  ϸ ü ȭ (HFL * VFL) ƽ  Դϴ. ǿ  
  ī ʴ DCF ŭ ƽ ͷ ԷϹǷ  ں
  ȭ ʿ  ֻϰ ȭ ϴܱ ٰ ٽ 
  ƿ ۵ 1 ʿ DCF / (HFL * VFL) ŭ ݺϴ Դϴ.
  ̰ ٷ ȭ  ƮԴϴ. ֳϸ  Ʈ
  ũ ʿ ̳ ŵǴ° ϴ ̱ Դϴ.

     ؾ øĿ(ȭ) ִ  ػ󵵸 
   ֽϴ. ٴ ׸  ϱ  𸣰ڱ.

            RR                                      VB
             |   min HSF                     max HSF |
             |    |             R1        R2  |      |
    max VSF -+----|------------/----------/---|------+----- max VSF
             |    |:::::::::::/::::::::::/:::::\     |
             |    \::::::::::/::::::::::/:::::::\    |
             |     |::::::::/::::::::::/:::::::::|   |
             |     |:::::::/::::::::::/::::::::::\   |
             |     \::::::/::::::::::/::::::::::::\  |
             |      \::::/::::::::::/::::::::::::::| |
             |       |::/::::::::::/:::::::::::::::| |
             |        \/::::::::::/:::::::::::::::::\|
             |        /\:::::::::/:::::::::::::::::::|
             |       /  \:::::::/::::::::::::::::::::|\
             |      /    |:::::/:::::::::::::::::::::| |
             |     /     \::::/::::::::::::::::::::::| \
    min VSF -+----/-------\--/-----------------------|--\--- min VSF
             |   /         \/                        |   \
             +--/----------/\------------------------+----\- DCF
               R1        R2  \                       |     \
                              min HSF                |    max HSF
                                                     VB

  ̰ Ϲ   ̾׷Դϴ. X 
  ŬƮ(DCF), Y  (RR) Ÿϴ. ̾׷
  ä   ɷ Ÿϴ:    Ư
  ػ  Ӹ ϰ ֽϴ.(: ؽƮ ̶
  ׸  ǥ ʰ ֽϴ. DCF = RR * HFL * VFL ĴRR
   , DCF    ׸  ׷  ذ 
  Դϴ).

  `R1' `R2' ̸  Ư ػ( 640x480)
  Ÿϴ; ̵ ϳ ػ󵵰 ƮŬ  پ
    Ǵ ϰ ֽϴ. R2  R1
  ζ  ػ Ÿ ֽϴ.

  Ʒ  ѷ ε ܼ 輱μ ļ
  Ѱ谪 ϰ ֽϴ.  뿪 ŬƮ Ѱ̹Ƿ
   ɷ Ÿ     ǥǾϴ.

  ``  ׷''   ͸  ̷
  ̾׷ ׷ִ α׷(X 󿡼 ׷  ϴ)
  Ұϰ Ѱ  ִ  մϴ;   ļ
  Ѱ谪κ 谪 ϴ Դϴ.

  7.  ý  Ÿ

     ٸ  ؼ  ֽϴ.

       DCF = RR * HFL * VFL

   Ŀ ƮŬ  Դϴ. ʴ Ʈ  ÷
  Ʈ   ػ󵵸   ֽϴ.  Ѱ 
  ϸ ٸ   ϰ Ǵ Դϴ.

   ָؾ    Ʈ   ִ 
  ļ  Ŭ  ٴ Դϴ.   ͵ Ư
  ƮŬ ־    ּҰ ϰ Ǹ  
  ̻ ߴ  Ұ Դϴ.

      Ͻʽÿ: RR ʹ   ̿ 
  ũ øĿ   ׸ ɰԴϴ. 60 Hz ̻ ǵ
  Ͻʽÿ. VESA  ü ǥ 72 Hz Դϴ.  
  øĿƮ 120 Hz Դϴ; ΰ  60 Hz  72 Hz 
  øĿ ϴ. ׷     ϼ.

   ΰ ̶   ְ   øĿ ΰ
   õ ·ų øĿ   Ƿθ ݴϴ. 
   ͸ 90 %  þ߰   ̿  Ǵ
   ϸ鼭 ų ߰ intensity  ٸ 45 Hz 
   ļ   ** ֽϴ.

      ˴ϴ;    Xterm  
  foreground   մϴ. xterm -bg white, -fg black 
   ˴ϴ. ״  Xterm â ִ ȮϿ ȭ ü
  äϴ.   intensity  ִ밪 3/4  ΰ ͸
  ܸմϴ. ͸  ܺϴ( ΰ ʽýŰ
  ڴ Դϴ). øĿ  ϰų ߵ ϴٸ 
   Ʈ ſ ˸ Դϴ. ϴٸ  
   Ʈ ϼ. ׳  ͸  
  ص ִµ µ øĿ   Ƿθ ߽ 
   Ű  ֽϴ.

  ͷ̽ 忡 øĿ   ػ󵵳 ȭ
  ǥ   ޽ϴ. ϴ   . ׷ 85Hz
   ӷƮ    ̴ϴ.

    밡 ּ  Ʈ Ҵٰ սô. HFL
   VFL  ϴµ ־ ټҰ 緮  ֽϴ.

  8.  ʿ ޸ 

     󸶸ŭΰ  ÷ Ȥ  ÷̿
  ػ󵵰 ѵ˴ϴ. κ , ׷   ʴ 
  ÷ 쿡 ޸  ū   ʽϴ.

  256 ÷ ÷̿ Ʈ ϳ ǥϴ   Ʈ
   ޸𸮰 ʿմϴ. 256 ÷ ÷̿ ־  Ʈ
   Ʈ Ѱ , , û պ   ϴ. ʿ
  ޸ ѷ ϱ ؼ δ õƮ  ö 
  ϸ ˴ϴ. 1024x768 ػ ÷̿ 1024 x 768 = 786432
   ȭ õƮ Դϴ. ,  Ʈ  Ʈ
  ʿϹǷ 786432 Ʈ ŭ ޸𸮰  ī忡 ʿ
  Դϴ.

  , Ϲ øؼ (HR * VR)/1024 Kbyte    ʿ
  Դϴ(  Ȯ 768K ˴ϴ). ʿ Ȯ 纸 
    ޸𸮸  ִٸ  иŭ  ũ panning 
   ֽϴ.

    ī忡 512k  ִٸ 1024x768 ؼ  ϴ.
    ͸  ִٰ ϴ    ٸ
   ɷ  ̿ ϴ Դϴ. ݸ, SVGA ī尡 1 M
    ־ Ͱ ⲯؾ 800X600 ۿ  Ѵٸ
   ػ󵵴 Ұ Դϴ(  ֱ մϴ.
  ``ֻ(interaced mode)''  ).

  ʿ ŭ ޸𸮺     ִٰ ؼ  ʿ
  ϴ; XFree86    ޸𸮸 Ͽ ȭ ũ
   ֽϴ(Xconfig ȭ  ȭ鿡  Ķ κ
  ). , 512k byte ޸𸮸  ī δ 512,000
  byte    ƴ϶  Ͻʽÿ. 512 x 1024= 524288 byte
    Դϴ.

   S3 ī带  ְ X/inside  ٸ, 16 ÷(ȼ 4bit)
    Xconfig  depth 4  ؼ ī尡 ٷ ִ ػ 2
   ػ󵵸   ֽϴ.   S3 ī  1024x768x256
   մϴ. ̸ depth 4  Ἥ 1280x1024x16    ִ
  Դϴ.

  9.   ũ 

  :   Ƽũ ͸  Դϴ.   ļ
   Ϳ ص ˴ϴٸ ̿   嵵 
  ʽϴ!

  밡   HSF  DCF     ̸ 
  ͺ մϴ.

    65 MHz ƮŬ Sigma Legend SVGA   ְ ʹ
   ĵļ 55KHz  սô. ̶ (DCF/HSF)   1181
  Դϴ(65MHz = 65000kHz : 65000/55=1181).

   ù°  ηô.  ġ 8    
  ڷ ݿøؾ մϴ. ̴ SVGA  S3 ī忡 Ǵ VGA ϵ
  Ʈѷ õ Դϴ; Ʈѷ  3 bit Ʈ 8 bit
   ϳ ϹǷ ᱹ 11 bit Դϴ. ATI 8514/A  Ϻ
  ī  8   ʿ ϴٸ ڴ  𸣸 ̷
  ݿø شٰ ؼ ذ Ǵ ͵ ƴմϴ.  밡
   ӱ̸ 1176  ݽô.

   ġ(DCF/HSF    8  ݿø ) 밡
  HFL   ּҰԴϴ. ޽ ؼ HSF  ߸ HFL  
    ֽϴ(HFL  Ŀ ũ Ʈ  
  ˴ϴ).   񰡷 øĿ  ϰ ˴ϴ.

   ,   80 %  ػ,  
  ĵ úκ   ֽϴ(: ׷ϱ 
  ӱ̰  ȭ鿡 ̴  ƴϰ  
  Ϻθ ػ󵵷 ̴ Դϴ).  ڸ
  ĵο κа  Ÿ ԵǴ Դϴ(
  Ÿ̶      ٽ   ƿµ
  ɸ ð մϴ).   944 ƽԴϴ.

   Ϲ 4:3 ũ(aspect ratio)  ؼ  ػ󵵸
    ػ 3/4  ؾ մϴ.   708
  ƽ ˴ϴ. ⿡ 1.05  ϸ VFL  743 ƽ ϴ(: 
   1.05   𸣰ڱ).

  4:3 ̶     ƴմϴ: ȭ ִ ̿ϱ
   ̿ ٸ  ϰڴٰ ؼ   ϴ. 
  ̿  ̸   ǻ 밢 ϴ. 밢 ̿
  0.8  ϸ ̸  0.6  ϸ ̸ ϴ.

  , HFL = 1176 ̰ VFL= 743 Դϴ. 65 MHz  μ  
  74.4 Hz      ϴ. Ǹ! ̴
  VESA ǥغٵ  Դϴ!  944x708   ǰ ̴ 
  ̵  800X600 ٵ  Դϴ.    ϴ.

   ư  Ʈ 76Hz  ų ֽϴ. 밳
  ͵   ļ 2 khz    
  ϸ,  VFL  ټ(,   944  75%   )
  ߾  ϱ Դϴ.  ̷ "" Ͻñ 
  ϴٸ    76 Hz  (sync)Ҽ ִ
  ȮϽñ ٶϴ(  ̵  NEC 4D   Ұմϴ.
   ʹ  75 Hz  VSF  մϴ. ̿  ڼ 
  `` '' κ ).

  ݱ     ÷ 
  ׻̾ϴ.  𿡵 ϴ!

  10.  , ׸  ޽

  ϴ.    ƮŬ  HFL/VFL ġ ߰
    ˾Ƴ,  ػ󵵸   
   ִ Ȯ߽ϴ.    η ô --- 
   ޽ ġѾ ϴ ˾ƾ մϴ.

  ޽ ǻ  ,  ĵ ļ Ʈմϴ.
    HSF, VSF  ǥ(nominal value)μ ļ
  뷫 ְԴϴ.  ī忡 µǴ ޽ 
  󸶳   ֻؾ ϴ Ϳ մϴ.

  Ʊ ΰ ׸ Ͻó?   ͽĳϴµ 
  ð  Ϻθ ȭ(, ȭػ) µ ˴ϴ.

  10.1.   

  ռ ǿ  ĵ ֻǴ  HFL ŭ ƽ
  ʿմϴ. ȭ ϴ ƽ  HR(horizontal screen
  resolution) ̶ սô.  ǿ  HR < HFL  иմϴ.
  Ȯ ظ  Ʒ    ۵Ǵ ׸
  ׷ҽϴ.

      |___ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __
      |_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _                |
      |_______________________|_______________|_____
      0                       ^               ^     unit: ticks
                              |   ^       ^   |
                              HR  |       |  HFL
                              |   |<----->|   |
                              |<->|  HSP  |<->|
                              HGT1         HGT2

   츮 HSP  ŭ ޽  ׸ó ġؾ մϴ.
  , ȭ ϴ  Ŭ ƽ κа ü  Ŭ
  ƽ   򰡿 HSP   ޽ ġؾ ϴ Դϴ.
  ֳı? ̷ ؾ߸ ȭ ̳  ġġ ʰ
   ȭ   ġ  ڸ Ǵ Դϴ.

  , ޽ յڷ  30 ƽ "ð(guard time)"
  ݽô. ̴ HGT1  HGT2  ǥմϴ. Ϲ  HGT1
   HGT2   ʽϴٸ  ̴ܰ ӽ÷ ϴ  
  صΰ  սô(, ޽ ߾ӿ ġŲ Դϴ)

  ޽ ߸ ġŰ ̹  ġ ϴ. 
  κ ġ а ݴʿ ̹ ũ 
  øǾ     "ghost image"  
  ϴ.   ļ ߸ ġŰ ġ V-hold  ߸
   TV ó ȭ  ö ϴ(ǻ TV  
  Դϴ).

   ٸ   ޽  κп  ̴ϴ.
   ʴٸ  ¥  η ô...

   κп  ؾ մϴ.  κ ,
  ũ޽ ̴  3.5-4.0 usec (microsecond)  ϸ
  մϴ.

  Ȯ ϱؼ HSP  3.8 usec սô( ׸  
  ƴմϴ).

    65 MHz  Ŭ Ÿ̹ ϸ HSP  247 (= 65 * 10^6
  * 3.8 * 10^-6) Ŭ ƽ Ǵ  ˼ ֽϴ(M = 10^6, micro =
  10^-6 Դϴ).

  Ϻ ü   Ķ͵ Ʈ   Ÿ̹
  ǥմϴ.       ֽϴ.

     active time (HAT)
        HR  شϴ  ũμ(microseconds)Դϴ.
        HAT * DCF = HR.

     blanking time (HBT)
        (HFL - HR)  شϴ μ ũμ Դϴ.  (HBT
        * DCF) = (HFL - HR).

     front porch (HFP)
        HGT1   ǹԴϴ.

     sync time
        HSP   ǹԴϴ.

     back porch (HBP)
        HGT2   ǹԴϴ.

  10.2.   

   ׸ ư ô.  ؾ 247 Ŭ ƽ ׸ó
  ġų ?

  츮  HR  944 ̰ HFL  1176 Դϴ   ̴ 1176
  - 944 = 232 < 247 Դϴ! и   ʿϱ.  
  ľ ұ?

  ù°  1176 1184  ̰ 944  936  ߴ Դϴ.
   1184 - 936 = 248  Ǿϴ. ,  .

   , HSP  ϴµ ־ 3.8  3.5  մϴ; ׷ 6.5
  * 3.5 = 227  ϴ. ξ .  248 227  ׸
   ġ ƴմϴ.   30 Ŭ  ƽ SP   HR
  ̿ ʿϰ,   ŭ SP   HFL ̿ ʿմϴ.
  ׸   ݵ 8  迩 մϴ!  ɱ?

  ƴմϴ. ̷ غô. 936 % 8 = 0, (936 + 32) % 8 = 0.  936
  + 32 = 968, 968 + 227 = 1195, 1195 + 32 = 1227. ,   ׸
   ʱ.    8  谡 ƴϹǷ ̰ 1232 
  ݿø عô.

    츮   Ȱ Ǿϴ.  ޽ ̻
  h  H  ߾ӿ Ȯ ġ ʰ Ǿϴ. 
  ⸦ ε 1232 - 32 = 1200 ̰ ̰  8  Դϴ.
  (1232 - 32) - 968 = 232  3.57 usec  ũ޽ ߴٰ
    ġ մϴ. 3.57   ̱.

  Դٰ 936/1232 = 0.76,  76% Դϴ. 80%  ׸   ƴϹǷ
    ϴ.

      ̸ ϸ, ⺻ ͷ Ͽ
  52.7 Khz(= 65 MHz / 1232)  ޽ ߻Ű ϴ Դϴ. 
     ɷ¹  Դϴ. ƹ  ϴ.

   ߴ Ģ ϸ, 936 * 75% = 702,   츮
  ο  ػ Դϴ. 702 * 1.05 = 737, 츮 ο  
  Դϴ.

  ũ ÷ 65 MHz / (737 * 1232) = 71.6 Hz. ̰  
   Դϴ.

   ޽ ׸ ׷  ϴ.

       |___ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __
       |_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _                |
       |_______________________|_______________|_____
       0                      VR              VFL      : ticks
                               ^   ^       ^
                               |   |       |
                               |<->|<----->|
                                VGT    VSP

  츮  ÷  ƽ   ޽
  ߽ϴ. VGT   ð̶ μ ޽
  ʿմϴ. κ ͵ VGT  0  ( ð
  ) ̹Ƿ 츮  ׷ ߽ϴ. 
  ͵ ð 2-3 ƽ ʿ ϴ    2-3 ƽ
  ִ° ū   ʽϴ.

    ô.   ǿ   ƽ ϳ 
   ϳ  ֻǴµ ɸ ðԴϴ.  츮 
    1232 / 65 MHz = 18.95 us Դϴ.

      ޽ 50 - 300 us  ̳ ־
  մϴ.  150 us  غô.    8  Ŭƽ ˴ϴ
  (150 us / 18.95 us = 8)

  Ϻ ü  Ÿ̹ Ķ͵ Ʈ  Ÿ̹
  ǥմϴ.      ֽϴ.

     active time (VAT)
        VR  شϴ  и Դϴ. VAT * VSF = VR.

     blanking time (VBT)
        (VFL -VR)  شϴ  и Դϴ. VBT * VSF
        = (VFL - VR).

     front porch (VFP)
        VGT   ǹԴϴ.

     sync time
        VSP   ǹԴϴ.

     back porch (VBP)
          ޽ ι° ð ϴ.  0 Դϴ.

  11.  

  Xconfig ȭϳ  忡  ġ Ǿ ֽϴ. 
   ϳ 带 Ÿϴ.   ̸ , Ŭļ ,
   ,   ˴ϴ.

  ̸     ̸ ʵ ϳ Ǿ ֽϴ. ̾
   ġ    ̸ Ǵ Դϴ.  ̸
  Xconfig ȭ ׷ ̹  κ "Modes" ٿ ǰ
  ˴ϴ.  ٷ  ̸   ̸ ϴٸ  
  ̸ ʵ带 ص ϴ.

  Ʈ Ŭ      Ʈ Ŭ(츮 DCF  θ
  ) ʵ ϳ Ǿֽϴ.  ڴ ̾   ڵ
  ϴµ ̴ ƮŬԴϴ.

    4 ʵ Ǹ ÷   
  Ǿ ϴ մϴ.   ù° ʵ ȭ
  ϴµ ʿ δ  Ʈ (츮 HR ̶ θ )
  Ÿϴ. ι° ʵ(SH1) ° Ʈ   ޽
  ۵Ǵ Ÿϴ. ° ʵ(SH2) ° Ʈ  
  ޽  ϴ Ÿϴ. ׹° ʵ   (HFL)
  ü Ÿϴ.

     4 ʵ ˴ϴ. ù° ʵ ȭ
  ϴµ ʿ  (VR) Ÿϴ. ι° ʵ(SV1)
  ° ο  ޽ ۵Ǵ Ÿϴ. °
  ʵ(SV2) ° ο  ޽  Ÿϴ.
  ׹ ʵ    ü(VFL) Ÿϴ.

   :

                   #Modename    clock  horizontal timing  vertical timing

                   "752x564"     40    752 784  944 1088  564 567 569 611
                                 44.5  752 792  976 1240  564 567 570 600

  ( : X11R5  Ҽ ǥ ƮŬ  ʽϴ)

    (δ ȭ  Ʈ , ȭ Ʈ
  ޽   Ʈѹ, ޽ ӽð ǹϴ
  Ʈѹ, ޽   Ʈ ) ġ Xconfig  ӿ
  ־ Ʈ سϴ.  Ʈ ڴ ݵ 8 
    մϴ.

   ڵ  : 800 864 1024 1088

    ÿ Ʈ(800), ޽ ° Ʈ
  ۵Ǵ(864),  ޽ ° Ʈ (1024), 
   ° Ʈ (1088)  ֽϴ.

   ڵ(800, 864, 1024, 1088)  8  ٴ 
  ٽѹ Ͻʽÿ!  ڵ 8   ʿ ϴ.

  ȭ ù ٺ  ٱ    մϴ. 
  ӿ  Ÿ̹ ȣ δԴϴ. ټ  ̹
  ׷ Դϴ. ȭ鿡   ÷̵ ,  
   ̰ ְ,    ޽   ӵǰ,
  ״ ణ ̰  , ķ   ε
  ˴ϴ.     ġ ˴ϴ.

   ڵ  : 600 603 609 630

    ȭ鿡 600   ְ ״   ޽
  603 ° ο ؼ 609 ° ο   630  
   Ÿ ֽϴ.

   ڵ 8   ʿ䰡  Ͻʽÿ!

   츮  ưô.   츮   
    Xconfig  ־ մϴ.

       <name>  DCF HR  SH1 SH2 HFL VR  SV1 SV2 VFL

  SH1    ޽ ƽ̰ SH2  򵿱 ޽ 
  ƽԴϴ; ̿ ϰ SV1    ޽ ƽ̰ SV2  
   ޽  ƽԴϴ.

     ־ մϴ. 츮 ηô  ޽
   ô. SH1    ޽  (leading edge, 
  ޽ 翡  ö󰡴 κ) ۵˴ϴ.  SH1 =
  HR + HGT1 Դϴ. SH2  Ʈϸ (trailing edge,  ޽
  꿡   κ)Դϴ.  SH2 = SH1 + HSP Դϴ.
  ̿ ϰ SV1 = VR + VGT ̰(, VGT   0 Դϴ) SV2 = SV1
  + VSP Դϴ.

       #name    clock   horizontal timing   vertical timing    flag
       936x702  65      936 968 1200 1232   702 702 710 737

  Ư flag  ʿϴ. ̰ ͷ̽ ϱ. 
    Դϴ.

  12.   

   Ͱ  ļ Ÿ̶   ĵƮ
  ʰϷ õ  ʽÿ. ϵ Ⱑ  
  ֽϴ! Ƽũ ͸     ̹ 
  鿡 Ͻʽÿ.

  ȼ Ŭ  뿪 ִ밪ٵ ̴   
  մϴ.    ִ   ִ  ļ ʰϴ
  Դϴ.  ֽ ͵  ĵ Ʈ Ǹ ڵ
  ͸ ˴ٿ Ű ȣȸθ ϱ⵵ մϴٸ ̸ ʹ 
  ʽÿ. Ư  Ƽũ ͵鿡(  Multisync II)
   ƮӰ Ѱ ֽϴ. ̷ Ϳ ÿ
  ȣ   ʽϴ.  Ͱ и  ȸθ 
  ִص( ļ Ϳ  ȸΰ  ֽϴ) ̰
  ݵ   ļ  Ŀִ  ƴմϴ. Ư
  α 𵨿¿.   ȸθ Ƿϰ   ũ
   (phosphor)  ԵǸ  ԰ݺٵ  (X
   ) Ϳ ˴ϴ.

     Ȳ ٺ  εǴ   
  ̹ slew rate( ñ׳ 絵)Դϴ. 붧 ̰
   ȼ ļʹ Դϴٸ( 簡 ׷ 
   Ű ),  ȼ ļ ִ밪 αٿ 
  ɼ ֽϴ.

   ÿ Ͻñ ٶϴ...

  13.  ֻ (ͷ̽ )

  (  ַ Davie Kastrup <dak@pool.infomatik.rwth-aachen.de> 
  ֽ 뿡 ǰ߽ϴ)

   ƮŬϿ, ͷ̽ ȭ   ȸΰ
    شٸ ͷ̽ ȭ鿡  ״
  øĿ     ֽϴ.   ͷ̽
  尡  ߸Ǿϴ.

  ͷ̽    ĵ ļ(VSF,   ַ 
   մϴ) ׷̽ 庸ٵ ڶ 
  ̱  Ǹ ϴٸ и   ĵ Ʈ 
   ȭ ݴϴ.    /ī
  Ѱġ ͷ̽ 尡 ˴ϴ.

    Ʈ(Ȥ   Ʈ,  VSF)Ͽ
  ͷ̽ ȭ ͷ̽ ȭ鿡  øĿ  մϴ.
  90 Hz ͷ̽ ȭ 90 Hz  ͷ̽ ȭ麸 ޴ϴ.
   ܿ   뿪   ĵ Ʈ 
  ˴ϴ.   ̰  ƮŬ  ĵ Ʈ 
  ͷ̽  غ ͷ̽ ȭ ξ ٴ
  Դϴ. 45 Hz ͷ̽ ȭ ߵ . ڴ 90 Hz
  ͷ̽  1024x768 ػ󵵿 Ⱓ Multisync 3D ͸
   ԰ ſ ϰ ֽϴ.     
     70 Hz  ͷ̽ ÷̸
  ϼž  ̴ϴ.

     ϼž մϴ. ͷ̽  
  ػ󵵿 ϼ. ׷  ߱ϴ ε 
  ϰ ˴ϴ. ¼   ޽  ġ ؼ 
   ġ  Ͻ 𸣰ڱ.  ϴ ε
   ο  ѷϴٸ ͷ̽  ġ ö ִ
  ó   ֽϴ. ڴ ׷ Ʈ ޴ 
  ̿ϴ α׷ ϳ  ֽϴ(XCept  α׷Դϴ.
   ڰ ƴ  ̷  ٸ α׷   дϴ).
  ڴ XCept α׷  800x600  մϴ. ֳϸ ٸ
  ػ󵵿    .

    ּ 100 dpi Ʈ ̻ ϼ. ٸ Ʈ
    ּ  ΰ β β Դϴ(ػ󵵿
  ·ų ٸ   ϴ).

  ׸ 翬 ̾߱ ϵ   Ʈ
  ͷ̽ 带 Ѵٸ ͷ̽ 带 
  ʽÿ.

    ͳ ׷ ī ɷ ְġ ϴ ػ󵵸
  ãҴµ, øĿ Ҹ̶ ƿ(outwashed, 뿪 ʰ
  ) ÷̰ ´ٸ ͷ̽ 带 Ἥ  ػ󵵸  
   Դϴ.   VSF  ̹   Ѱġ ٸ
    ҿ.

  ͷ̽ 带 ϴ  ϴ. ͷ̽ 
  Ȱ ְ  ΰ  ϸ ˴ϴ.   
  (  ) Ȧ ־ ϰ,  "interlace" 
  ÷׸       Ʈ 2谡 ȴٴ
  Դϴ.    尡 "Interlace" ÷׸ ܷ 
  45 Hz   ̶ ʹ 90 Hz   Ʈ 
  ־߸ մϴ.

   μ  1024x768 ͷ̽  մϴ. 
  Multisync 3D ʹ  ļ 90 Hz ,  ļ 38 KHz
   մϴ.

              ModeLine "1024x768" 45 1024 1048 1208 1248 768 768 776 807 Interlace

   忡    Ѱġ  Ǿϴ.
   带 "Interlaced" ÷  Ѵص   
   Ѱ谪  Դϴٸ(Ȯ ϸ  ĵ Ʈ
  Ѻ ణ  ϴ), ͷ̽  쿴ٸ 
    øĿ  ȭ ˴ϴ.

  ⺻  Ģ  ϴ:    
  ݰ ̸  带 ߴٸ,     Ȧ  
  "Interlace" ÷׸ Դϴ. κ  ȭ ū 
  Դϴ.

    ͷ̽ 尡  ִ밪  30 %   
  ĵƮε ͷ̽ 带 Ἥ   ִġ
   ䷮̶,   ͷ̽ 带 ؼ ξ
      ֽϴ.   մϴ.

  14.   亯

  Q.    ǥ ũ ũⰡ ƴѵ ׷ ᵵ Ǵ
  ǰ?

  A.  ȵ˴ϱ?   640x480, 800x600, 1024x768 θ 
   𿡵 ϴ. XFree86  ϵ ϴµ ־
    ݴϴ.    ̸ 2-3  õ
  ʿմϴ. ߿    Ʈ  ũ
  ȭ °   øĿ 񰡷 ػ󵵸 ڴ
   ƴմϴ.

  Q. 65MHz ƮŬ 55 KHz HSF  ־ٸ  Ѱ ػ󵵸
   Ǵ ΰ?

  A.  ׷ ʽϴ!  Ϲ    
  ġ  Ҹ  ã ֽϴ. ̷   
  ſ ִ ۾  ֽϴ. κ    ȭ
  ֱ⵵  ǻ ֱ Ƽũ ʹ ׸  ļյ
  ʽϴ.   忡  ϱ   Ͱ 
    Ʈ Ҽ ִ  ȮϽñ ٶϴ.

   ļ  쿡 ϼ! ̷  ŷ  ļ
  Ϳ   ջ ų ֽϴ.  ļ
  ͸ ΰ    Ÿ  Ʈ
  Ȯϼ.

  Q.   ΰ ǥ ػ󵵸 ߽ϴ. Xconfig 
  밡  ǥ ػ󵵰 ִµ  Ÿ̹  ؾ
   ִ  ֽʽÿ.

  A. ʿ䰡 и !    Xconfig  Ǿ ִ
  "ǥ"  640x480 ػ󵵸 ô. ̰ 25 MHz   ļ 800,
  525   ,  Ʈ 59.5 Hz  Ǿ ֽϴ. ׸
   ʽϴ.    SVGA ī  ļ 28 MHz
   մϴ.  츮 տ    Ͽ 640x480
   ٸ   812(ؼ 808 ƾ), 505  
  ֽϴ.   Ʈ 68 Hz  ߰ ̰ ǥغٵ
    Դϴ.

  Q. ݱ    ֽðڽϱ?

  A.   غ.

  1.    ļϿ, ְ ػ󵵸 ̴ 
     Ʈ ߴ  ؾ߸ ϰ  øĿ 
      ȴ.

  2.  ػ󵵸 ϰ Ͱ ̸  شٸ ̿ ˸
     ƮŬ,  DCF   SVGA ī带 ϶.   
     ̴!

  15.  ̹ õ ذ

  ϴ.   X   ġ ϴ.  ġ
  Xconfig   ׽Ʈ  ̺ Դϴ. X  ϰ Ű
  Ἥ  ο  ϴ. ׷ ̶ ̹ ȹٸ ʴٸ
   ؾ ұ?   Ϲ  ̹ ְ 
  ׿   մϴ.

  (̷  ְ ϴ  xvidtune(1)   ϴ).

   ޽ Ÿ̹ ȭŰ ̹ ̵մϴ.  ̸
  ȭŰ ̹ Ȯ/ҵ˴ϴ( ޽   ġ
  Ѿ߸ մϴ. ׷  ̹ Ȯ/ҿ ÿ
  ̵ϰ ˴ϴ).   Ư ذåԴϴ.

    ġ  Դϴ. , ̹  ̴
   ġ ƹ     ݴ뵵 Դϴ.
   Ȯ/  ׷ ʽϴ. ũ⸦ ٲپ ָ鼭
  ũ⸦ ٲپ  ʴ´ٸ ü  ѹ  
  ݴ 쵵 Դϴ. Ư,  ̹ ,  
  ʹ ũٸ ̸ ϱ ؼ Ʋ   ƮŬ
  ؾ߸ մϴ. ̴ 밡 ػ󵵸 ̴ ̹Ƿ 
    ʽϴ!

  15.1.  ̹ ¿ ġĥ 

  ̸ Ϸ   ޽ ̵ŵϴ. ,  Ÿ̹
  Ǻκ ߰  ڰ   ޽  Ʈϸ
   ϰ Ƿ ̰ 8  ŭ ŵϴ.

   ̹  ġƴٸ(,  谡 ʹ Ŀ ̹
   ̵Ű Ҷ)  ڸ ҽŵϴ.  ̹
   ġƴٸ (,  谡 ʹ Ŀ ̹ 
  ̵Ű Ҷ)  ޽ ŵϴ.

  15.2.  ̹ Ϸ ġĥ 

  ̸ Ϸ   ޽ ̵ŵϴ. ,  Ÿ̹ 
  κ ߰  ڰ   ޽  Ʈϸ 
  ϰ Ƿ ̰ ŵϴ.

   ̹  ġƴٸ (, Ʒ ΰ ʹ Ŀ ̹
  Ʒ ̵Ű ʹٸ)  ڸ ϴ.  ̹ Ʒ
  ġƴٸ(,  谡 ʹ Ŀ  ̵Ű Ѵٸ) 
  ڸ ŵϴ.

  15.3.  ̹ ¿  ʹ ū 

  ī Ŭ ǵ带    մϴ. Ŭ Ͽ 尡 
  ִٸ Ƹ  Ǽ  ǵ 带   ̴ϴ.

  15.4.  ̹ ¿ () 

  ̸ Ϸ   ̸ ()ŵϴ. , ù°
  Ÿ̹  4 ° ڸ ȭŵϴ. ̹ ̴ 
  Ϸ  ޽(, ι° ° ) 
    ġ ϵ  ݸŭ Դϴ.

  15.5.  ̹ Ϸ (ª) 

  ̸ Ϸ   ̸ ()ŵϴ. , ι°
  Ÿ̹  4 ° ڸ ȭŵϴ. ̹ ̴°
  Ϸ  ޽(ι° ° )  
   ġ ϵ  ݸŭ Դϴ.

  ̿  ũе ص ְ  ʴ´ٸ Ʋ 
  ٺ ߸Ǿٴ Դϴ.  Ի ߸߰ų Ͱ
  ټ ִ ƮŬ   Ŭ ߰ų Դϴ.

  ,  ̸ Ű Ʈ ϰ ݴ
  ӱ̰ ϸ  Ʈ ϴ  
  ʽÿ.

  쿡 󼭴   Ͽ  ְ  
  ֽϴ.    ׷ȸ  ذϷ 忡
   ߾Ӱ ϰ    ؽƮ
  ȯ ȭ ġ  ִٴ Դϴ.  ùٷ
  ϴ    Դϴ.

  16.    ׷

    ̾׷ ׷ 켱 gnuplot Ű(Unix 
  ü   ÷ ) modeplot ̶ /gnuplot
  ũƮ ̿  Ưġ ɾ ο ԷϿ ׷
  մϴ.

   modeplot α׷Դϴ.

  #!/bin/sh
  #
  # modeplot -- generate X mode plot of available monitor modes
  #
  # Do `modeplot -?' to see the control options.
  #

  # Monitor description. Bandwidth in MHz, horizontal frequencies in kHz
  # and vertical frequencies in Hz.
  TITLE="Viewsonic 21PS"
  BANDWIDTH=185
  MINHSF=31
  MAXHSF=85
  MINVSF=50
  MAXVSF=160
  ASPECT="4/3"
  vesa=72.5       # VESA-recommended minimum refresh rate

  while [ "$1" != "" ]
  do
          case $1 in
          -t) TITLE="$2"; shift;;
          -b) BANDWIDTH="$2"; shift;;
          -h) MINHSF="$2" MAXHSF="$3"; shift; shift;;
          -v) MINVSF="$2" MAXVSF="$3"; shift; shift;;
          -a) ASPECT="$2"; shift;;
          -g) GNUOPTS="$2"; shift;;
          -?) cat <<EOF
  modeplot control switches:

  -t "<description>"  name of monitor            defaults to "Viewsonic 21PS"
  -b <nn>                 bandwidth in MHz           defaults to 185
  -h <min> <max>          min & max HSF (kHz)        defaults to 31 85
  -v <min> <max>          min & max VSF (Hz)         defaults to 50 160
  -a <aspect ratio>       aspect ratio               defaults to 4/3
  -g "<options>"      pass options to gnuplot

  The -b, -h and -v options are required, -a, -t, -g optional.  You can
  use -g to pass a device type to gnuplot so that (for example) modeplot's
  output can be redirected to a printer.  See gnuplot(1) for  details.

  The modeplot tool was created by Eric S. Raymond <esr@thyrsus.com> based on
  analysis and scratch code by Martin Lottermoser <Martin.Lottermoser@mch.sni.de>

  This is modeplot $Revision: 1.13 $
  EOF
                  exit;;
          esac
          shift
  done

  gnuplot $GNUOPTS <<EOF
  set title "$TITLE Mode Plot"

  # Magic numbers.  Unfortunately, the plot is quite sensitive to changes in
  # these, and they may fail to represent reality on some monitors.  We need
  # to fix values to get even an approximation of the mode diagram.  These come
  # from looking at lots of values in the ModeDB database.
  F1 = 1.30       # multiplier to convert horizontal resolution to frame width
  F2 = 1.05       # multiplier to convert vertical resolution to frame height

  # Function definitions (multiplication by 1.0 forces real-number arithmetic)
  ac = (1.0*$ASPECT)*F1/F2
  refresh(hsync, dcf) = ac * (hsync**2)/(1.0*dcf)
  dotclock(hsync, rr) = ac * (hsync**2)/(1.0*rr)
  resolution(hv, dcf) = dcf * (10**6)/(hv * F1 * F2)
  # Put labels on the axes
  set xlabel 'DCF (MHz)'
  set ylabel 'RR (Hz)' 6  # Put it right over the Y axis

  # Generate diagram
  set grid
  set label "VB" at $BANDWIDTH+1, ($MAXVSF + $MINVSF) / 2 left
  set arrow from $BANDWIDTH, $MINVSF to $BANDWIDTH, $MAXVSF nohead
  set label "max VSF" at 1, $MAXVSF-1.5
  set arrow from 0, $MAXVSF to $BANDWIDTH, $MAXVSF nohead
  set label "min VSF" at 1, $MINVSF-1.5
  set arrow from 0, $MINVSF to $BANDWIDTH, $MINVSF nohead
  set label "min HSF" at dotclock($MINHSF, $MAXVSF+17), $MAXVSF + 17 right
  set label "max HSF" at dotclock($MAXHSF, $MAXVSF+17), $MAXVSF + 17 right
  set label "VESA $vesa" at 1, $vesa-1.5
  set arrow from 0, $vesa to $BANDWIDTH, $vesa nohead # style -1
  plot [dcf=0:1.1*$BANDWIDTH] [$MINVSF-10:$MAXVSF+20] \
    refresh($MINHSF, dcf) notitle with lines 1, \
    refresh($MAXHSF, dcf) notitle with lines 1, \
    resolution(640*480,   dcf) title "640x480  " with points 2, \
    resolution(800*600,   dcf) title "800x600  " with points 3, \
    resolution(1024*768,  dcf) title "1024x768 " with points 4, \
    resolution(1280*1024, dcf) title "1280x1024" with points 5, \
    resolution(1600*1280, dcf) title "1600x1200" with points 6

  pause 9999
  EOF

  ϴ modeplot  gnuplot Ű  غߴٸ   
  Ưġ ʿմϴ.

  o   뿪 (VB)

  o    ļ  (HSF)

  o    ļ  (VSF)

  ÷ α׷ ܼȭŲ Ͽ ׸ ׸ ˴ϴ.  
  ׻ Ÿ  ƴϹǷ   ̾׷ 뷫 ׸
  Դϴ.   ϴ.

  1.  ػ󵵴  ȭ(aspect ratio) AR = HR / VR ϳ
     ϴ. ǥ ػ󵵴 AR = 4/3 Ȥ AR = 5/4 ̴. modeplot
     α׷ Ʈ 4/3  ϰ ֽϴ.   ٸ
       ֽϴ.

  2. ϰִ 忡 ־,    ̴  
     ػ  Դϴ. ,

       HFL = F1 * HR
       VFL = F2 * VR

  ü μ F1= 1.30, F2 = 1.05  ϴ(`` ũ⸦
  ϱ'' κ ).

   Ư  ļ HSF   ô.   Ͽ
  , Ŭ Ʈ DCF    ̹  Ʈ RR 
  ϴ. , HSF     Լ RR(DCF) ϴ
  Դϴ. ̴   ˴ϴ.

   Ʈ    Ŭ Ʈ  
  ϴ.

       RR = DCF / (HFL * VFL)            (*)

  ,   ̴  ļ Ŭ Ʈ  
  ϴ.

       HFL = DCF / HSF                   (**)

  VFL  HFL  Ͱɼ ִ   ΰ  Դϴ.

       VFL = F2 * VR
           = F2 * (HR / AR)
           = (F2/F1) * HFL / AR          (***)

  (**)  (***)  (*)    ϴ.

                      RR = DCF / ((F2/F1) * HFL**2 / AR)
                         = (F1/F2) * AR * DCF * (HSF/DCF)**2
                         = (F1/F2) * AR * HSF**2 / DCF

   HSF, F1, F2 ,AR  ؼ ̾׷ ְ ϳ
  Ÿϴ.  ļ ּҰ ִ밪  ̿Ͱ Ŀ긦
  ׸ ΰ 輱  ǰ  ̰ ٷ  Դϴ.

      Ư ػ󵵸 Ÿϴ. ̰
  (*)  ι°  ٰմϴ.

                      RR = DCF / (HFL * VFL) = DCF / (F1 * HR * F2 * VR)

  ϴ  ػ󵵿  ̷  ׷ν  ﰢ 
  Ϳ  ػ, Ŭ Ʈ, Ʈ 踦
  ˾ç  ֽϴ. ̵ ε  Ư ϴ  ƴ϶
  ι°  ԵǴ ӿ Ͻʽÿ.

  modeplot α׷ ̰  ݴϴ. modeplot -? ϸ  ɼ
    ֽϴ. ǥ   ϴ.

             modeplot -t "Swan SW617" -b 85 -v 50 90 -h 31 58

  -b ɼ  뿪 մϴ; -v  -h    
   ļ  մϴ.

  modeplot    ׻ ̰ 뷫 翡 ҰԿ
  Ͻʽÿ.  ڸ,  ޽ ּ   ʿ ϸ,
   ̿  HFL     α׷ ϰ
  ֽϴ.  ׸ Ȯ  Ÿ缺 ¿˴ϴ. 
  ``'' κп  Ͱ   ( θ 
  )   ϴ.   α׷   ϰ
   Ÿ      Դϴ.

  17.  ֽ е

     ڴ Chin Fang <fangchin@leland.stanford.edu>
  Դϴ.

  Eric S. Raymond <esr@snark.thysus.com>  ٽ 籸 
    ֵ Chin Fang   κ ٽ ϴ. 
   Bob Crosson <crosson@cam.nist.gov>  Ǵٸ Ͽ 
  κ ̰ Ǿϴ.

  ͷ̽ 忡   ַ David Kastrup
  <dak@pool.informatik.rwth-aachen.de>  ߽ϴ.

  Nicholas Bodley <nbodley@alumni.princeton.edu>  ÷
  ۿ   ,  ּ̽ϴ.

  Payne Freret <payne@freret.org>   ΰ õ 
  λ׵ ٷ ּ̽ϴ.

  Martin Lottermoser <Martin.Lottermoser@mch.sni.de>  gnuplot 
  Ἥ  ̾׷ ׸ ̵ ߰ modeplot  ʿ
   м Ͽϴ.  modeplot Martin  Ư
  ̽  ߴ  gnuplot ڵ带 E.S.Raymond 
  ϹȭѼ ٽ  Դϴ.

