    

  Jeff Tranter, tranter@pobox.com
  v1.20, 1999 3 24
   alloying@nownuri.net
  1999 6 30

        ̴. Ǵ ϵ Ŀ
  ̹  (configure)ϴ ׸ 󵵰   
  亯  Ե ̴.    ο    
    ̻ ø  ׷ ϸ Ʈ
  ϴ  ̰ ϴ ̴.
  ______________________________________________________________________

  

  1. ϸ鼭
     1.1  
     1.2   ο 
     1.3 Feedback
     1.4 Distribution Policy

  2.  ī  (Sound Card Technology)
  3. Ǵ ϵ
     3.1  ī
     3.2  ٸ  ̹
     3.3 PC Speaker
     3.4  Ʈ

  4. ġ(Installation)
     4.1  ī ġ
     4.2 Plug and Play 
     4.3 Ŀ (Configuring the Kernel)
     4.4 ̽  
     4.5 ο Ŀη Ͽ ϱ
     4.6 ذ(Troubleshooting)
        4.6.1 ܰ 1:  ۵ϴ Ŀ    Ŀ Ȯ϶.
        4.6.2 ܰ 2: Ŀ  ̹  Ǿ Ȯ϶.
        4.6.3 ܰ 3: ϴ  Ŀ  ī带  Ͽ°?
        4.6.4 ܰ 4: dsp ̽κ Ÿ   ִ°?

  5. 带 ϴ α׷
  6. 󵵰    亯 (Answers To Frequently Asked Questions)
     6.1   ̽  ΰ?
     6.2    ϴ°?
     6.3   ϴ°?
     6.4 ϳ ̻  ī带   ִ°?
     6.5 Error: No such file or directory for sound devices
     6.6 Error: No such device for sound devices
     6.7 Error: No space left on device for sound devices
     6.8 Error: Device busy for sound devices
     6.9  device busy error  ǥõȴ
     6.10 Partial playback of digitized sound file
     6.11 MOD      ߻Ѵ
     6.12 Compile errors when compling sound applications
     6.13 SEGV when running sound binaries that worked previously
     6.14  ̹ ˷ ׳ Ѱ(limitation) ԵǾ ִ°?
     6.15  ̹ ioctls()   ִ°?
     6.16  ֳ  Ϸ ŭ CPU ڿ ʿѰ?
     6.17 PAS16  Adaptec 1542 SCSI host ͸    
     6.18  ÿ а   Ѱ?
     6.19  SB16 IRQ 2 Ѵ, ׷    ʴ´.
     6.20  ϴٰ     ų  α׷  ۵ ʴ´.
     6.21  DOOM ų  
     6.22 (noise)  ϸ   ִ°?
     6.23 带      .
     6.24  "ȣȯ"  ī MS-DOS  ʱȭ Ѿ  ۵Ѵ.
     6.25 16 Ʈ Ϳ ȣȯǴ  ī尡   8 Ʈ ۵Ѵ.
     6.26   α׷    ִ?
     6.27  ̹ Ż  (loadable module)μ    ִ°?
     6.28 system console beep ſ  ī带   ִ°?
     6.29 VoxWare  ΰ?
     6.30 Sox/Play/Vplay reports "invalid block size 1024"
     6.31  ̹  ε  ͼ  µȴ.
     6.32 Ʈ    쿡 带   ִ.
     6.33 IBM ThinkPad   ġ Ǵ°?
     6.34  ī忡 ͼ  α׷ ۵ ʴ´
     6.35 SB16 CT4170 õ 
     6.36  ī忡 MIDI Ű   ϳ
     6.37 IRQ 15  Ensoniq PCI 128 
     6.38 Where can I get freely available MIDI patches to run SoftOSS?

  7. 

  ______________________________________________________________________

  1.  ϸ鼭

    Linux Sound HOWTO ̴.    
  ʿ  ġ    ٷ  ̿ ΰ
  ڷ Ȱ    ̴.   ī 
  Ͽ  Ǵ   亯    ī
  ǻ ǵ õ پ     о
  ٶ.

   ۿ ٷ    ī带 ϴ  
  ̴.  ī Ǵ ǻ ǵ  Ϲ 
   ڷ ϱ ٶ.

  1.1.   

     κ  ̹ ҽ ڵ Բ  
  Ͽ ̸ ۼ Hannu Savolainen (hannu@opensound.com)
    ϰ Ѵ. Ӹ ƴ϶ Alan Cox     Ŀ
   ̹ ƿƼ   ٸ 鿡Ե 縦
  ǥѴ.

  ׸ SGML-Tools Ű( ̸:Linuxdoc-SGML) п  HOWTO
      ȯ ϰ Ǿ 
  Ѵ.

  1.2.    ο 

    ο   comp.os.linux.answers ׷쿡
  Խõȴ.  <ftp://metalab.unc.edu/pub/Linux/docs/HOWTO/> 
   anonymous ftp Ʈ ã   ̴.

  <http://metalab.unc.edu/LDP>   Ʈ ؽƮ
    HOWTO  ã   ̴. CD-ROM Ǵ
   ǿ HOWTO  ԵǾ  /usr/doc/  ã 
  ִ. ׸ μ HOWTO    ִ. δ  Լ
  HOWTO     ִ.   ִ ¥ 6 ̻
   ̶ Ƹ   ο  ͳ Ͽ  
   ̴.

  ͳ ׻ ϰ ִ.    ϵ  web, ftp ũ
      ϱ ٶ.

    Ʒ   Ǿ ִ.

  ߱:  <http://www.linux.org.tw/CLDP/Sound-HOWTO.html>

  Ҿ:  <http://www.freenix.org/unix/linux/HOWTO/>

  Ϻ:  <http://yebisu.ics.es.osaka-u.ac.jp/linux/>

  ѱ:  <http://kldp.org/HOWTO/html/Sound/Sound-HOWTO.html>

  þƾ:  <http://www.phtd.tpu.edu.ru/~ott/russian/linux/howto-
  rus/Sound-HOWTO.html>

  ξ:  <ftp://ftp.insflug.org/es>

     κ HOWTO 
  <http://metalab.unc.edu/pub/Linux/docs/HOWTO/translations/> 
  <ftp://metalab.unc.edu/pub/Linux/docs/HOWTO/translations/>  ã
   ִ.

     ٸ  ̱ Ѵٸ ڿԵ  
  ˷ֱ ٶ. ׷    ǿ  ǿ Ͽ
   ̴.

  1.3.  Feedback

  е ϰ  ̳ ؾ   ִٸ 
  ޶, tranter@pobox.com, ׷  ǿ   
  Ű  ̸, ׷ ϹǷμ   Ȱ뵵  
  ̴.

  ڴ   ī忡  Ϲ  ּ Ͽ
  亯Ϸ ϰ ִ. ׷  ϱ,  HOWTO 
  о,  Ŀ  ش ã  ٸ   
  ڼ   ޶. ׸  ̿ ۷
  ýۿ  ī带  ϴ   
  Ѵ.

    CD-ROM ų Ǵ μ⺻ · Ѵٸ ڿԵ
  װ ָ   ̴.  ּҸ  
    ˷ְڴ.  Linux Documentation Porject ϴ
  ͵    ޶.   ڼ  Linux HOWTO ڵ Tim
  Bynum (linux-howto@metalab.unc.edu)  غ.

  1.4.  Distribution Policy

  Copyright (c) 1995-1999 by Jeff Tranter. This document may be
  distributed under the terms set forth in the LDP license at
  <http://metalab.unc.edu/LDP/COPYRIGHT.html>.

  2.   ī  (Sound Card Technology)

    ڿ   ϴµ  ֱ  ǻ 
    ſ   ϰڴ.     
   Ǵ Ż ȣ ó  å  ؾ ̴.

  Ҹ Ƴα (analog) ̴;  Ҹ   
    شѴ. ǻʹ  (digital) ̴; ǻʹ
  ҿ (ܼ)  ٷ⸦ Ѵ.  ī Analog to
  Digital Converter (A/D Ǵ ADC) ̶ ϴ ġ Ѵ. ̰
  ϴ  Ƴα Ҹ (ȮϰԴ ױ⿡ شϴ ) 
  ޸𸮿   ִ  Ǵ ġ ȯŰ ̴.
  ϰ, Digital to Analog Converter (D/A Ǵ DAC)  ġ
  Ƴα  ٲپ ָ 츮 ̸ Ŀ Ͽ   ִ
  ̴.

  ø (sampling) ̶ ˷ ִ Ƴα׸ з ȯ Ű
   ణ  Ѵ. ø ȣ  󸶳
    ΰ Ұ ִ.  ù° ø ӵ
  (Sampling rate) ̸  ð    Ÿ
  (Ϲ samples per second Ǵ Hertz μ ǥѴ). ø
  ӵ   Ȯϰ Ÿ ƴ. ι°  ũ
  (sample size) ̸ ϳ  ǥϱ  Ǵ  
  ǹѴ. Ϲ Ʈ (bits) μ ǥѴ.  ũⰡ ũ
  Ŭ  ȣ  Ȯ Ȯ ̴.
   ī 밳 8 Ǵ 16 Ʈ  ũ 4000  44000 Hertz
   ø ӵ Ѵ.  ϳ ä(mono) Ǵ ΰ
  ä(stereo)   ִ.

  FM Synthesis Ҹ     ̴.   
  (sine, triangle, square ) ϴµ   ΰ ִ. FM
  synthesis D/A ȯ  ϵ 鿡  
  α׷ ϱⰡ ư  .   ī尡 
   ī  Ʈ ȣȯ  FM synthesis Ѵ.
    Ҹ (sound generator) Ǵ voices 밳
  ȴ.

  Wavetable Synthesis D/A ȯ  FM synthesis 
  ä(multiple channel)   ̴.   ̿ϸ CPU
  δ  ָ鼭 ÿ ȭ Ҹ(voice) ޸𸮿 Ͽ
   ϰų Ǵ   ִ.   ä  ī
   wavetable synthesis  Ѵ.

  κ  ī  κ  ȣ mixing
  (ͽ), ռϴ ɰ Բ gain level ϴ  Ѵ.

  MIDI Musical Instrument Digital Interface ̴.  ھǱ⸦
  ܺο ϱ  ϵ  Ʈ ǥ ̴.
  ڿ ǹ      MIDI (bus)
  Ͽ ޵Ǹ MIDI Ϸ Ͽ ٽ ϰų   ִ.
    ī尡 MIDI ̽ ϸ, ׷  ī
  ϴ ī ü  ̿Ͽ MIDI    ִ.

  MOD  ǻ     ̴. ֵ ǥ 
   Ӹ ƴ϶ Ǳ (Ǵ Ҹ)κ   ñ
    ִ. MOD  Amiga computer  Ǿ 
  Ʈ    Ÿ ýۿ ֵ  ִ.

  3.  Ǵ ϵ

   忡   Ǵ  ī ̽ 
  ̾߱ ϰڴ. ⿡ ִ      ֽ 
  Ŀ(2.2.4)   ̴.    ǥ  Ŀο
  ԵǾ ִ  ̹  ̴.    ִ
  ٸ  ̹ ִ ( ٸ  ̹  ϱ
  ٶ).

  Ǵ  ī忡  ֽ  Ѵٸ  Ŀ ҽ
  ԵǾ ִ ϵ о ٶ. Ϲ
  /usr/src/linux/Documentation/sound ͸ ִ.

    Intel ÷ ۵ϴ  Ͽ  ϴ.

  Alpha ÷  κ  ī带   ִ. ׷ Ϻ
   ī  װ͵  i386 ӽ Ϻϰ ۵Ѵ
  ϴ Alpha ýۿ ٸ ġ I/O Ʈ 浹 ų 
  ִ.  ׷ غ    ī尡  ۵, ׷
   ϱ ƴ.

  PowerPC    ̹   ư
  ʴ´ٰ Ѵ. ׷ ̷  ̴.

  MIPs ̽ĵ  , Ŀγ      ִ.
  ׷ Ϻ MIPs ӽ EISA   ְų  ġ
  ϰ ִ. Linux-MIPs ׷   ߰ϴ Ϳ 
   ִٰ ڿ ̾߱Ͽ.

   Ŀο  Atari  Amiga    ̹
  ԵǾ ִ.  (Intel ÷  ̹ compatible
  subsetμ) ̵ ӽ   ϵ   ִ.

  SPARC ̽ĵ  , Ϻ  ũ̼ 𵨿 ؼ
  尡 ȴ.   ġ ۵  DSP 
  ڽ  㿡  ϱ ʾұ   ʴ´ٰ
  .

  3.1.   ī

   Ŀ  ̹  Ǵ  ī  .
  Ʒ  ߿ Ϻδ  ī  ǥ  ƴ϶
   Ĩ ǥ ̴. Ʒ  Ϻ  ƴϴ. Ʒ
  Ͽ ִ  ī ȣȯǴ ͵  ʾҴ. Ϻ
  ü  ī  ֱ Ͽ δ 
  ī ȣȯ µ ؼ  𵨷 Ǹϱ⵵ ϱ
   ȥ ϴ 쵵 ִ.

  o  6850 UART MIDI Interface

  o  AD1816/AD1816A based cards

  o  ADSP-2115

  o  ALS-007 based cards (Avance Logic)

  o  ATI Stereo F/X (no longer manufactured)

  o  Acer FX-3D

  o  AdLib (no longer manufactured)

  o  Audio Excel DSP 16

  o  AudioDrive

  o  CMI8330 sound chip

  o  Compaq Deskpro XL onboard sound

  o  Corel Netwinder WaveArtist

  o  Crystal CS423x

  o  ESC614

  o  ESS1688 sound chip

  o  ESS1788 sound chip

  o  ESS1868 sound chip

  o  ESS1869 sound chip

  o  ESS1887 sound chip

  o  ESS1888 sound chip

  o  ESS688 sound chip

  o  ES1370 sound chip

  o  ES1371 sound chip

  o  Ensoniq AudioPCI (ES1370)

  o  Ensoniq AudioPCI 97 (ES1371)

  o  Ensoniq SoundScape (and compatibles made by Reveal and Spea)

  o  Gallant SC-6000

  o  Gallant SC-6600

  o  Gravis Ultrasound

  o  Gravis Ultrasound ACE

  o  Gravis Ultrasound Max

  o  Gravis Ultrasound with 16 bit sampling option

  o  HP Kayak

  o  Highscreen Sound-Booster 32 Wave 3D

  o  IBM MWAVE

  o  Logitech Sound Man 16

  o  Logitech SoundMan Games

  o  Logitech SoundMan Wave

  o  MAD16 Pro (OPTi 82C928, 82C929, 82C930, 82C924 chipsets)

  o  Media Vision Jazz16

  o  MediaTriX AudioTriX Pro

  o  Microsoft Windows Sound System (MSS/WSS)

  o  MiroSOUND PCM12

  o  Mozart (OAK OTI-601)

  o  OPTi 82C931

  o  Orchid SW32

  o  Personal Sound System (PSS)

  o  Pinnacle MultiSound

  o  Pro Audio Spectrum 16

  o  Pro Audio Studio 16

  o  Pro Sonic 16

  o  Roland MPU-401 MIDI interface

  o  S3 SonicVibes

  o  SY-1816

  o  Sound Blaster 1.0

  o  Sound Blaster 2.0

  o  Sound Blaster 16

  o  Sound Blaster 16ASP

  o  Sound Blaster 32

  o  Sound Blaster 64

  o  Sound Blaster AWE32

  o  Sound Blaster AWE64

  o  Sound Blaster PCI 128

  o  Sound Blaster Pro

  o  Sound Blaster Vibra16

  o  Sound Blaster Vibra16X

  o  TI TM4000M notebook

  o  Terratec Base 1

  o  Terratec Base 64

  o  ThunderBoard

  o  Turtle Beach Maui

  o  Turtle Beach MultiSound Classic

  o  Turtle Beach MultiSound Fiji

  o  Turtle Beach MultiSound Hurricane

  o  Turtle Beach MultiSound Monterey

  o  Turtle Beach MultiSound Pinnacle

  o  Turtle Beach MultiSound Tahiti

  o  Turtle Beach WaveFront Maui

  o  Turtle Beach WaveFront Tropez

  o  Turtle Beach WaveFront Tropez+

  o  VIA chip set

  o  VIDC 16-bit sound

  o  Yamaha OPL2 sound chip

  o  Yamaha OPL3 sound chip

  o  Yamaha OPL3-SA1 sound chip

  o  Yamaha OPL3-SA2 sound chip

  o  Yamaha OPL3-SA3 sound chip

  o  Yamaha OPL3-SAx sound chip

  o  Yamaha OPL4 sound chip

  ȣȯɿ ؼ: κ  ī尡 " ȣȯ" ̶
  ϴ  Ǹŵ  ī߿  
  ̹  ȣȯǴ   . ̵ ī Ϲ
  MSS/WSS Ǵ MAD16 ̹     ۵Ѵ. Creative
  Labs  , Creative's custom chips (, SoundBlaster16
  Vibra) ϴ, ¥  ī峪 Ǵ MV Jaz16 ׸
  ESS688/1688 based ī   ̹   
  ִ. "SoundBlaster Pro compatible 16 bit sound card" 
  ̹ Ϸ  ð  ɼ ũ.

   Ŀ Ϻ  ī(: ProAudioSpectrum 16) ϴ
  SCSI Ʈ Ϻ CD-ROM ̺(: Soundblaster Pro)  
  ̽ Ѵ.   ڼ   HOWTO  SCSI
  HOWTO  CDROM HOWTO ϱ ٶ.

  Ϻ  ī ̽ƽ Ʈ Բ Ѵ. ̸ Ͽ
  ̽ƽ Ʈ  ̹ Ŀ 2.2 ԵǾ ִ.

  SCSI, CD-ROM, joystick ׸  ̹ Ŀο  
  ̶  ϱ ٶ.

  3.2.   ٸ  ̹

   Ŀ  κ  Hannu Savolainen ۼϿ.
  ׸ Hannu   ý ϰ Ǿ. ̴ 4Front
  Technologies Ǹϴ   ̸̹  н
  ýۿ   ִ.  Ʈ Alan Cox Ͽ
  Ŀ  ̹ Ű鼭    鵵
  ĿϿ. ׿   ׸ ġ ο  
  ī带  ̹ ϴµ ⿩Ͽ. ޿ ǥ
  5.0 5.2  Ŀ ǥ ̹ ſ ̵ 
  ̹ ԵǾ.   Ŀο յ ̴. Hannu 
    ̹ ڵ带  ϰ ֱ  
  Ŀ  ̹ κ ϰ ִ  Alan Cox̴.

  4Front Technologies Ǹϴ    ý ̹
   ϰ   ְ,    (Ư ) 
  ī带 Ѵ.  Ŀ ǥ  ̹ ߾ 
  α׷   ִ. Ҹ ̶  ְ ϸ ҽ
  ڵ带   ٴ ̴.  θ ϱ  
  ޾Ƽ    ִ.  ڼ  4Front Technologies
  Ʈ  <http://www.opensound.com> ϱ ٶ.

  Jaroslav Kysela    Ŀ Gravis UltraSound ī
  ̹ ü  ִ  ٸ  ̹ ۼϱ ߴ.
  ׷ٰ Ʈ Advanced Linux Sound Architecture (ALSA) 
  ο ̸ ٿ. ׸  Ʈ  Ŀ 
  ̹ ü     Ϲ   
  ̹ ۼ ̾.  ALSA ̹   
  Ǵ  ī带 ϰ, full duplex ϸ  ȭ
  Ǿ ִ. ׸ Ŀ  ŰĿ ȣȯȴ. ALSA Ʈ
  Ʈ  <http://www.alsa-project.org> ̴. "Alsa-sound-mini-
  HOWTO"  ̹ ϰ ġϴ  Ͽ ϰ
  ִ.

  Markus Mummert (mum@mmk.e-technik.tu-muenchen.de) Turtle Beach
  MultiSound (classic), Tahiti ׸ Monterey  ī ̹
  Ű Ͽ. ڷ  οϸ:

       busy system ⼺(sync)   ϵ ũ
       / ǰ ̷ Ǿ. wave synthe
       sis, MIDI ׸  ȣ ó(DSP)    .
        ϰ  ÿ ̷  .  VoxWare
   Ǹ 1.0.9  1.2.1   Ŀο
  Ͽ.  UN*X SysV386R3.2 system ġ ϴ.

  <http://www.cs.colorado.edu/~mccreary/tbeach> ϱ ٶ.

  Kim Burgaard (burgaard@daimi.aau.dk) Roland MPU-401 MIDI
  ̽ ̽ ̹ (utilities) Ͽ. Linux
  software map entry  ִ  οϸ:

       Roland MPU-401 ȣȯ MIDI ̽(Roland SCC-1 
       RAP-10/ATW-10 ) ̽ ̹. Standard MIDI File
       player  recorder    .

        0.11a ķ    ִ.  ߿ Ư
       IRQ  μ      ִ. 
       Ʈγ , ũγ¡   ִ ɼ(: Ȯ
       ϸ鼭  Ʈ ʷ ׷), Ϻ
       replay/record/overdub ̽    ִ.

  <ftp://metalab.unc.edu/pub/Linux/kernel/sound/mpu401-0.2.tar.gz> 
  ã  ִ.

    ī带 amateur packet radio  
  ġ(modem)μ Ȱ  ִ. 2.1 ̻ Ŀο SoundBlaster 
  Windows Sound System ȣȯ ī忡 Ǵ ̹ Ͽ ̸
  ϰ  1200bps AFSK  9600 bps FSK packet protocol
  Ų.   ڼ  Linux AX25 HOWTO ϶. (ڵ
  Ƹ  ̴, ȣȣ VE3ICH).

  3.3.  PC Speaker

   ϵ   ʿ䰡   ̹ ִ; PC
   Ŀ ϴ ̴.  ī ̹
  Ʈ  ȣȯ ϴ. ׷ Ҹ   CPU
  ϸ   ش.   Ŀ  ణ ٸ.  ڼ
   ̹ Բ Ǵ  .

  Ʒ ftp Ʈ ã    ŵ ķ ð 
   ̴.  <ftp://ftp.informatik.hu-berlin.de/pub/Linux/hu-
  sound/>

  3.4.   Ʈ

    Ʈ   ǰ Ͽ D/A ȯ ϴ. ̰
  PC Ŀ  Ҹ     CPU ִ ϴ ũ.
    PC Sound driver Ű ̸ ϸ ʿ
  ϵ  ȳ Բ ִ.

  4.  ġ(Installation)

  带 ϵ  Ϸ  ܰ踦 ľ Ѵ:

  1.  ī ġ

  2. (شϴ ܿ쿡) Plug and Play 

  3. 带 ϵ Ŀ   

  4. ̽  

  5.    Ŀη   ۵ Ȯ

    sndconfig ƿƼ , ̸ ̿ϸ
  κ   ī带 ϰ ش ̹ εϱ 
  ʿ    ش.   Ѵٸ  ̸
  ̿  ٶ. ׷  ȴٸ    κ 
  ʿ䰡 .

  sndconfig ̿Ͽ  , ٸ   ϴ ,
  Ǵ   ϴ  ڼ ˰    
  ϴ  ܰ踦 о ٶ.

  4.1.   ī ġ

  Ǹڿ ġ ñų ü ġ   ġ϶.

    ī IRQ, DMA ä,  ÿ ʿ ġ ۸
   ִ. Ȯϰ 𸥴ٸ 忡 ϵ  õ ä(factory
  defaults) ϶. ٸ ̽(:ethernet ī, SCSI ȣƮ
  ,  ׸  Ʈ ) 浹 ؾ Ѵ.

  Ϲ DOS  ߴ I/O Ʈ, IRQ ׸ DMA setting 
  ؾ Ѵ.  Ϻ 쿡 (Ư PnP ī) ٸ   ʿ䰡
    ִ.    ʿ ̴.

  4.2.  Plug and Play 

    ī κ ÷׾÷  ̿Ͽ i/o
  ּ, ͷƮ, DMA ä Ѵ.  ī ̷ 
  Ǿ ְų ۸ ̿Ͽ ٲٵ Ǿִ. ̷  ī带
  Ѵٸ    ʿ䰡 .

   2.2 Ŀο ÷׾÷̿   Ϻ ʴ.
  κ    ִ isapnp tools ϴ  
  ذ ̴. isapnp tools  Ʈ
  <http://www.redhat.com/>   ִ.

      ִ  ϱ ٶ.
  ÷׾÷̸ ϵ ̹ Ǿ   ְ, Ǵ 
   ణ ٸ  ִ.   ؾ   ڼ
   isapnp tools   ϱ ٶ. Ϲ ľ 
    ϸ:

  o  pnpdump ̿ϸ  ÷׾÷ ġ   ˾Ƴ
         /etc/isapnp.conf Ͽ Ѵ.

  o  /etc/isapnp.conf    о  ,  ī忡
        ߿ ýۿ ġǾ ִ ٸ ġ 浹
     ʴ  Ͽ ڸƮ ó .   
     (ACT Y) ࿡ ִ ڸƮ ó ״ δ   Ѵ.

  o  ý   isapnp ۵ϴ ȮѴ.  Ϲ ý
      ũƮ  ̷. ý  Űų isapnp
      Ų.

  isapnp tools   ų ϱ⸦  ʴ´ٸ ٸ õ
  ϴ. ũμƮ  95 Ǵ 98  ī带
  Ѵٸ ġڸ ̿Ͽ ī带   LOADLIN α׷
  ̿Ͽ  Ѵ.  ī    
   ȮѴ.

   ī带 Ѵٸ SoundBlaster16 PnP ī Բ Ǵ icu
  utility   ִ. ׷ Ŀ LOADLIN α׷ Ͽ
   Ѵ.    ī  
     ȮѴ.

  Ϻ  ī ̹ ÷׾÷̸ ʱȭ ϴµ ʿ
  Ʈ ϱ⵵ Ѵ. ڼ  ī ̹ 
  ϱ ٶ.

  4.3.  Ŀ (Configuring the Kernel)

   ó ġ  ̹ ϵ Ŀ Ͽ ̴. ̵
  Ŀο   ԵǾ   찡  ִ. 
  ʿϴ ̹ ϵ Ŀ ٽ ϴ  ̴ּ.
  ο  Ŀ ׷̵ ϰų Ǵ Ŀ ũ⸦ ٿ
  ʿ ޸ ڿ ̰   Ŀ  ؾ  ̴.
   ī尡  ۵ϴ  Ȯ   ̹ ȭ
  ϱ  Ŀ  ϰ   ִ.

  Linux Kernel HOWTO <http://metalab.unc.edu/LDP/HOWTO/Kernel-
  HOWTO.html> Ŀ Ͽ  ڼ  Ѵ.  ⼭
   ī õ Ϳ ؼ  ̴.

  带 ϵ Ŀ   ٸ Ŀ  ̹
  ԵǾ ִ  ϵ, Ư  ī忡 õ , о
    .  ϵ Ŀ  ͸  Ϲ
  /usr/src/linux/Documentation/sound ִ.  ͸ ٸ ſ
    Ŀ̰ų Ŀ ҽ ڵ尡 ġǾ   ̴.

  Ŀ ϰ ϴ Ϲ  ϸ ȴ. Ŀ
  ϴ    ִ. X (X11) ִ ׷
  ȭ Ŀ Ϸ make xconfig ϸ ǰ. ؽƮ ȭ鿡
  ޴  Ŀ Ϸ make menuconfig ϸ Ǹ, 
  Ǵ (command line) Է  ȣѴٸ make config ϸ
   ̴.

  Ŀ    ī  ؾ ϰ ̹ ɼǵ
  ؾ Ѵ.  ɼǿ   ¶ 򸻷 ϴ 
  о  ɼ ϱ ٶ.

  Ŀ    ϰ ο Ŀ ġؾ Ѵ.  
  Kernel HOWTO ϱ ٶ.

  4.4.  ̽  

   ī尡  ۵ϱ ؼ  ̽  
  ʿ䰡 ִ.  ̵  Ϲ  ý ó ν
   ̹ ȴ. Ʒ  ̿Ͽ    ִ. 
  Ʒ   (µǴ ¥ ٲ  ִ) ̽ Ͽ 
     ʿ䰡 .

       % ls -l /dev/sndstat
       crw-rw-rw-   1 root     root      14,   6 Apr 25  1995 /dev/sndstat

  ̽  Ȯϰ Ǵ Ͱ ׵   
   ϶.

  ̽  ۵ϱ ؼ  Ŀ ̹ Ŀμӿ
  ε Ǵ  Ǿ ־ Ѵ.

  幮 , ̽  ߸ Ǿٰ ϴ´ٸ ̽
     ִ. ̸  κ   ϴ
  /dev/MAKEDEV ũƮ ̿  ִ.

   PC Ŀ  ̹   Ű 
   о    ̽  ؾ    
  ̴.

  4.5.  ο Ŀη Ͽ ϱ

    ο Ŀη Ͽ  ̹ ׽Ʈ غ
   ̴. ο Ŀ ġϰ  ϶ (  ߻
  츦 Ͽ  Ŀ ؾ  ̴).

   ȿ    ޼ ȭ鿡  Ȯ϶
  (ũ ӵ ʹ    ٸ  Ŀ "dmesg" 
  ٽ   ִ.):

       Sound initialization started
       <Sound Blaster 16 (4.13)> at 0x220 irq 5 dma 1,5
       <Sound Blaster 16> at 0x330 irq 5 dma 0
       <Yamaha OPL3 FM> at 0x388
       Sound initialization complete

  ̰  ī   ( ִٸ)  ð ¾ƾ Ѵ.

   ̹ Ż Ŀ    (insmod sound
  trace_init=1   Ͽ  ̹  ϰ  ʴ
  )  ޼ Ÿ ʴ´ٴ  ϶.

   ̹ Ŀο  (link)   Sound initialization
  started, Sound initialization complete  ޼ Ÿ ̴.
  ̵ ޼ Ÿ ʴ´ٸ Ŀο  ̹ ٴ
  ̴.  쿡  ̹ ϵ ϵ Ŀ
   ۵ Ȯؾ Ѵ.

  Sound initialization started Sound initialization complete ̿
  ƹ͵ ǥõǴ  ٸ νĵ  ̽ ƹ͵ ٴ
   ǹѴ.  κ,  ̹ Ȯ ʰų, ī尡
   ʰų, I/O Ʈ  ƲȰų, ϵ  ߸
  (Ǵ  ) PnP ī  ̴.

  Ʈ   Ǵ  ޼ ǥõ  ִ.  ̹
    ù°   ׷ ޼ ǥõǴ ׷ 
  ؼ Ѻ.

   device  /dev/sndstat о.  ̹
   ʱȭ Ǿ  ߰  Ѵ. Ʒ 
      ̴:

  % cat /dev/sndstat
  Sound Driver:3.5.4-960630 (Sat Jan 4 23:56:57 EST 1997 root,
  Linux fizzbin 2.0.27 #48 Thu Dec 5 18:24:45 EST 1996 i586)
  Kernel: Linux fizzbin 2.0.27 #48 Thu Dec 5 18:24:45 EST 1996 i586
  Config options: 0

  Installed drivers:
  Type 1: OPL-2/OPL-3 FM
  Type 2: Sound Blaster
  Type 7: SB MPU-401

  Card config:
  Sound Blaster at 0x220 irq 5 drq 1,5
  SB MPU-401 at 0x330 irq 5 drq 0
  OPL-2/OPL-3 FM at 0x388 drq 0

  Audio devices:
  0: Sound Blaster 16 (4.13)

  Synth devices:
  0: Yamaha OPL-3

  Midi devices:
  0: Sound Blaster 16

  Timers:
  0: System clock

  Mixers:
  0: Sound Blaster

     ޼   ִ. "No such file or
  directory"   ޼ ̽  Ȯϰ ų ʿ䰡
   ǹѴ (4.3  ). "No such device"   ̹
  Ŀμӿ ε Ǵ  (link)  ʾ ǹѴ. 4.2 
  ư.

  /dev/sndstat  "Card config:" κп ǥõ  ( "(SoundBlaster
  at 0x220 irq 5 drq 1,5)"  ) ȣ ӿ ִٸ ̽ 
  Ǿ ν  ʾҴٴ  ǹѴ.

        غ  ̴. 
   ⺻      Ͽ 
  ̽ .   ,

       % cat endoftheworld >/dev/dsp
       % cat crash.au >/dev/audio

  ( ɿ ">"  ʾҴ Ȯ϶.)

  Ϲ cat ϴ    ϴ ùٸ 
  ƴ϶  ϶.   ϱ   ̴.  
   (ڿ )   α׷ ϰ  ̴.

    /dev/sndstat audio devices κп ϳ ̽ ־
   ̴. audio devices κп ƹ͵ ٸ ̽ 
  νĵ ʾҴ ؾ  ̴.

    "I/O error"  ǥѴٸ "dmesg"  Ͽ Ŀ
  ޼   о. Ƹ   ޼ ߰  
  ̴. ɼ  ޼ "Sound: DMA (output) timed out -
  IRQ/DRQ config error?" ̴.   ޼  ̹ ˷
   ī interrupt   ī忡 Ǿ ִ interrupt
   Ʋٴ  ǹѴ. κ  ̹  IRQ 
  DMA channel ۵ ʴ´ٴ Ÿ.  ̸ ذϴ  
    ī尡 ϴ  DMA  IRQ   ̴.

   ٸ ɼ, ̽  ̽   ̹
  ȣȯ ʴ   ִ. "SoundBlaster (Pro/16) compatible"
   ī  ̺ ȣȯ ʴ  
  ̴.  쿡   ī尡  ̽ ȣȯǴ
  ˾ƾѴ (̸   ٸ, comp.os.linux.hardware ׷쿡
  ).

     
  <ftp://tsx-11.mit.edu/pub/linux/packages/sound/snd-data-0.1.tar.Z>
     ִ.

   (sound recording) Ȯ . Ҹ Է  ִٸ
     Ͽ ׽Ʈ   ִ:

       # record 4 seconds of audio from microphone
       EDT% dd bs=8k count=4 </dev/audio >sample.au
       4+0 records in
       4+0 records out
       # play back sound
       % cat sample.au >/dev/audio

    ϱ ؼ  ī忡  ũ ʿϰ
  ũ   ؾѴ. ũ Է ġμ ϰ  
   Ϸ ͼ α׷ ʿ  ִ.

  ̵  ϸ   D/A, A/D ϵ Ʈ
   ۵Ѵٰ Ͼ ȴ.  ִٸ   ϶.

  4.6.  ذ(Troubleshooting)

   HOWTO  Ѵ  ߴµ  ִٸ ؾ 
    ִ. ؾ       
  ϰڴ.   ׿  ִٸ  ܰ Ѿ  
   ذ϶.

  4.6.1.  ܰ 1:  ۵ϴ Ŀ   
  Ŀ Ȯ϶.

   ǰ ִ Ŀ 带 ϵ ϵ Ŀ ˰
   Ŀο   ¥(date stamp)  . uname
   ̸ Ȯ  ִ:

       % uname -a
       Linux fizzbin 2.2.4 #1 Tue Mar 23 11:23:21 EST 1999 i586 unknown

  Ǵ /proc/version  о:

       % cat /proc/version
       Linux version 2.0.0 (root@fizzbin) (gcc version 2.7.0) #1 Tue Jun 4 16:57:55 EDT

  ¥  Ŀ  ñ ġ ʴ´ٸ  ǰ
  ִ Ŀ  ̴.  Ʈ ߴ°?  LILO
  Ѵٸ LILO ٽ ġϿ° (밳 LILO ġϱ 
  lilo )? ÷Ƿμ Ѵٸ ο Ʈ ÷Ǹ °
  ׸   װ Ͽ°?

  4.6.2.  ܰ 2: Ŀ  ̹  Ǿ Ȯ϶.

  ̸ ϴ    տ Ͽ /dev/sndstat
    ̴.   ٸٸ Ŀ    
  ̴.  Ŀ  ϵ ó ٽ ϶.

  4.6.3.  ܰ 3: ϴ  Ŀ  ī带  Ͽ°?

  õ  Ŀ  Ǿ Ȯ϶. ý ȭ鿡 ǥõǴ
  ޼  . ũ ӵ  Ȯϱ ϴٸ dmesg
   ٽ   ִ:

       % dmesg

  Ǵ

       % tail /var/log/messages

    ī带 ߰ Ͽٸ  ߸ ̴. 
  ī尡 Ȯϰ ν Ǿ Ȯ϶. DOS  
  ī尡 ۵Ѵٸ ϵ  ٰ Ͼ ȴ. Ŀ 
    ̴.  ī带  ɷ ߰ų  
  Ʋ  ִ. Ǵ   ī尡  Ŀ 
  ̹ ȣȯ   ִ.

  Ѱ ɼ  ī尡  ̹μ ʱȭ ؾ  ʿ䰡
  ִ ȣȯ ī ϳ ̴.  Ͽ  
  ̹ ε϶. ׷ Ŀ Control-Alt-Delete Ͽ 
  ϶.  ī I/O address, DMA ׸ IRQ  
    찡 ġϴ Ȯ϶.  ī  
     Ʈ Readme.cards Ͽ ã   ̴.

  Ǵ ī Ͽ   ī尡 ٸ  ̹
  װ   ɼ ִ.   κп ִ 
   п    ִ.

  4.6.4.  ܰ 4: dsp ̽κ Ÿ   ִ°?

  ռ  dd  Ͽ /dev/audio ̽κ б⸦ õ
  .   Ǿ Ѵ.

  ̰  ۵ ʴ ٸ ɼ ִ  ̽ ̴.
  /dev 丮 ִ ̽  ,  ȣ (major and minor
  number) Ȯ Ȯ϶. ̽ Ͽ  б  
  ϶.

   ɼ   ϵ   ִ. ϵ 
  Ȯϱ ϴٸ   .

    ִٸ  õ  ͵ ִ:

  o  Ǹ ￩  HOWTO  ٽ   о.

  o   о, Ư õ  Ŀ ҽ ϴ 
     ϵ ϱ ٶ.

  o  comp.os.linux Ǵ ٸ ׷쿡  .
     (comp.os.linux.hardware  ; ̵ ׷ ſ ȥϹǷ 
     "sound"  ־θ  е ϴµ   ̴)

  o   ˻ ̿Ͽ web/Usenet search engine ϸ 
         ִ. ׷ search engine (˻) ϳ
     <http://www.altavista.com>    ִ

  o  ֽ  Ŀ   ( ̸, ֽ  Ŀ
     Ҿ  ִ)

  o   ̹ ڿ  

  o   HOWTO ڿ  

  o  fire up emacs and type Esc-x doctor :-)

  5.  带 ϴ α׷

   α׷  ؼ ̾߱ ϰڴ. Linux Software Map,
  Internet archive sites ׸   CD-ROM  .

  ּ   ϴ  α׷ ϰ 
  ̴:

  o  audio file format conversion utility (: sox)

  o  mixer utility (: aumix or xmix)

  o  digitized file player/recorder (: play or wavplay)

  o  MOD file player (: tracker)

  o  MIDI file player (: mp)

  ̵ α׷ κ text-based  Ӹ ƴ϶ GUI-based
   ִ. е ϰ ;  esoteric α׷
  (:  ռ  ν)  ִ.

  6.  󵵰    亯 (Answers To Frequently Asked Ques
  tions)

  ׷  ϸ Ʈ ϰ   ִ   亯 
  忡 ϰڴ.

     亯 OSS  ̹   ã  ִ.

  6.1.    ̽  ΰ?

  Ʒ ͵  ǥ ̽  ̸̴. Ϻ 
    ణ ٸ ̸   ִ.

     /dev/audio
        normally a link to /dev/audio0

     /dev/audio0
        Sun workstation compatible audio device (only a partial
        implementation, does not support Sun ioctl interface, just u-law
        encoding)

     /dev/audio1
        second audio device (if supported by sound card or if more than
        one sound card installed)

     /dev/dsp
        normally a link to /dev/dsp0

     /dev/dsp0
        first digital sampling device

     /dev/dsp1
        second digital sampling device

     /dev/mixer
        normally a link to /dev/mixer0

     /dev/mixer0
        first sound mixer

     /dev/mixer1
        second sound mixer

     /dev/music
        high-level sequencer interface

     /dev/sequencer
        low level MIDI, FM, and GUS access

     /dev/sequencer2
        normally a link to /dev/music

     /dev/midi00
        1st raw MIDI port

     /dev/midi01
        2nd raw MIDI port

     /dev/midi02
        3rd raw MIDI port

     /dev/midi03
        4th raw MIDI port

     /dev/sndstat
        displays sound driver status when read (also available as
        /proc/sound)

  PC Ŀ ̹  ̽ Ѵ:

     /dev/pcaudio
        equivalent to /dev/audio

     /dev/pcsp
        equivalent to /dev/dsp

     /dev/pcmixer
        equivalent to /dev/mixer

  6.2.     ϴ°?

  Sun ũ̼ (.au)   Ϸ /dev/audio ̽
     ȴ. Raw  /dev/dsp ̽ . play 
   α׷ ϴ  .  װ κ  
  ν ̰ Ȯ ø ӵ  ī带 ϴ  
    ̴.

  wavplay Ǵ vplay (in the snd-util package)   α׷ WAV
   ϴµ . ׷ ̵ Microsoft ADPCM compressed WAV
   ν Ѵ.  play (from the Lsox package)   
   16 Ʈ WAV   Ѵ.

  snd-util Ű ԵǾ ִ splay   ࿡ 
  鸸 ־ٸ κ   ϴµ   ִ.

  6.3.    ϴ°?

  /dev/audio Ǵ /dev/dsp  д´ٴ   Ÿ ǵ شٴ
   ǹϰ   Ÿ ̷   Ͽ 
   ִ. vrec  α׷ ϸ ø ӵ, duration 
  ϱⰡ .  Է ġ ϱ  ͼ α׷
  ʿ   ִ.

  6.4.  ϳ ̻  ī带   ִ°?

    ̹μ ϳ ýۿ  ,
   , 16, MPU-401 Ǵ MSS ī带 ÿ
  ϴ  ϴ. local.h  Ͽ SB2_BASE, SB2_IRQ,
  SB2_DMA (Ϻ ) SB2_DMA2 ũ (macros) define ָ ΰ
   ī带 ϴ  ϴ.  PAS16 
  ͸ ÿ ϴ  ϴ.

  2.0 ̻ Ŀ ϴ ,   ī带 Ϸ
  local.h  ϴ ſ /usr/include/linux/autoconf.h 
  ϸ ȴ.  Ʒ  ִ ġ ã´.

  #define SBC_BASE 0x220
  #define SBC_IRQ (5)
  #define SBC_DMA (1)
  #define SB_DMA2 (5)
  #define SB_MPU_BASE 0x0
  #define SB_MPU_IRQ (-1)

     Ʒ  ־ش.  IRQ   ڽ
   ī忡 ´ ̾  ̴.

       #define SB2_BASE 0x330
       #define SB2_IRQ (7)
       #define SB2_DMA (2)
       #define SB2_DMA2 (2)

   ̹ multiple instances ( ϱ) 
  ʴ´:

  o  GUS (driver limitation)

  o  MAD16 (hardware limitation)

  o  AudioTrix Pro (hardware limitation)

  o  CS4232 (hardware limitation)

  6.5.  Error: No such file or directory for sound devices

   ̹ ̽  ų ʿ䰡 ִ. ̽ 
     ٷ (section) . ̽  ִٸ
  ,  ȣ Ȯ Ȯ϶ (Ϻ  CD-ROM  ,
  Ȯ ̽     ִ).

  6.6.  Error: No such device for sound devices

   ̹ ϴ Ŀη  ʾҰų I/O address 
   ī  ʴ´.  Ǵ Ŀ  
  Ŀ Ȯϰ  ̹   ϵ ¾
  ġϴ ϶.

  6.7.  Error: No space left on device for sound devices

  /dev/audio Ǵ /dev/dsp   ʿ ̽  Ǿ
    ׵ ̽ Ͽ Ÿ Ϸ   ߻
   ִ ̴.   ̽  Ȯ ̸ 
  ũ Ƽǿ ؾ Ѵ. ̽    
  ũƮ ų ʿ䰡 ִ.

   Ŀ 2.0 ̻ , ̽    ýۻ free
  RAM   ̷  ߻  ִ. audio ̹
   DMA channel Ͽ ּ   (8k)  RAM
  (physical RAM) ʿϴ.  ̰ RAM 16 ް ̰ų ð
  ý ѳ   ߻Ѵ.  ġ ٽ    C
  α׷ ϰ Ű ణ RAM free ·  
  ִ:

       main() {
         int i;
         char mem[500000];
         for (i = 0; i < 500000; i++)
           mem[i] = 0;
         exit(0);
       }

  6.8.  Error: Device busy for sound devices

  ϰ ϴ  ̽ ̹ ٸ μ  ǰ
  ִ ̴. fuser  Ͽ Ȯ  ִ:

       % fuser -v /dev/dsp
       /dev/dsp:             USER       PID ACCESS COMMAND
                             tranter    265 f....  tracker

    μ 265 Ͽ ̽     ִ.
   μ  ٷȴٰ ̽ ϰų Ǵ 
  μ ̰ ̽ ϸ ȴ. ׷ ٸ ڰ
  ̽   Ƿ root  fuser 
  Ͽ ڽ  ٸ ڰ ̽ 
  ƴ    ̴.

  Ϻ ýۿ ٸ  μ   fuser 
  Ű root̾  ʿ䰡 ִ.

  6.9.   device busy error  ǥõȴ

  Brian Gough  , DMA channel 1 ϴ 
  ī   DMA 1 ϴ QIC-02 tape ̹ 浹
  ɼ  ׷ "device busy"  ų  ִٰ Ѵ.
   FTAPE Ѵٸ QIC-02 tape ̹ ۵ϵ 
    ִ. FTAPE-HOWTO  FTAPE ϱ  QIC-02
  tape ̹ ʼ  ƴϸ QIC-117 ̹  ȴٰ
  Ѵ. QIC-02 ƴ϶ QIC-117 ϵ Ŀ 缳ϸ FTAPE 
   ī带 Բ    ̴.

  6.10.  Partial playback of digitized sound file

  Ϲ   .      
  Ǵٰ   ų Ǵ "missing IRQ", "DMA timeout"  
   ޼ ǥϴ ̴.  ɼ ִ  IRQ Ǵ DMA
  channel  ߸̴.   ī  ð Ŀ 
  ġϴ ׸ ٸ ī 浹  Ȯ϶.

   ٸ    ݺ  ֵǴ ̴.
  Ϲ IRQ 浹 ߻ϴ ̴.

  6.11.  MOD      ߻Ѵ

  MOD  ִ  CPU Ŀ ʿ Ѵ. ʹ  μ
  ǰ ְų  ǻͰ ǽð ϱ⿡ ʹ 
   ִ:

  o    ø ӵ Ǵ mono mode  

  o  ٸ μ  ߾

  o    ǻ͸ ϶

  o     ī (: Gravis UltraSound) ϶

  Gravis UltraSound ī带 Ѵٸ GUS  Ư ۵ MOD 
  ֱ (: gmod)  ϳ ؾ Ѵ.

  6.12.  Compile errors when compling sound applications

   1.0c     ̹ ioctl()  谡  
  Ͱ ٸ ȣȯ ʴ´.  ο ҽ ڵ带 ϰų ο
   ̹ ° Ķ. ڼ  Readme  .

   α׷  Ҷ  ϴ soundcard.h 
  ultrasound.h  ֽ  Ȯ϶.   ʹݺο ִ ġ
    .

  6.13.  SEGV when running sound binaries that worked previously

  ̰ Ƹ     ̴.

  6.14.   ̹ ˷ ׳ Ѱ(limitation) ԵǾ
  ִ°?

  Ŀ ҽ ϴ    ϱ ٶ.

  6.15.   ̹ ioctls()   ִ°?

  ҽ ڵ带     4Front Technologies
  Ʈ, <http://www.opensound.com>, ã  ִ. 
  Ͽ ִ Linux Multimedia Guide  ̹  
  ã  ִ.

  6.16.   ֳ  Ϸ ŭ CPU ڿ ʿѰ?

     亯  ʴ.  ׿  ٸ:

  o  PCM ø Ǵ FM synthesis ϴ°

  o  ø ӵ   ũ

  o  ֿ     α׷ ϴ°

  o  disk I/O rate, CPU clock speed, cache size, 

  Ϲ 386 Ǵ  ̻ ǻ  8 Ʈ  īμ
    Ǵ FM synthesized     ִ.

  ׷ MOD  ϴ   CPU ڿ ʿ Ѵ. 
  迡 ϸ 44kHz ӵ ϱ ؼ 486/50 ӵ 40%
  ̻ ʿ ϸ 386/25  22kHz ̻ ӵ ϱ 
  Ұϴٰ Ѵ (  Ϳ  8 Ʈ
  īμ  ̴). Gravis UltraSound ī  
  ī ϵ    ϱ  CPU ڿ  ʿ
  Ѵ.

   ̾߱ CPU ٸ   ϰ  ʴٴ  ϰ
  ִ.

  ġμ   , sox  (utility) Ͽ
    ȯϰų ȿ ϴ  ξ    
  ִ. Ŀ ̹  ü ƹ Ǽ  ʴ´.

  6.17.  PAS16  Adaptec 1542 SCSI host ͸    

  (  seeker@indirect.com  ̴)

   address 330 (Ʈ) Ǵ 334 ϴ 1542  νѴ.
  ׸ PAS  MPU-401 ķ̼ϱ 330 ؾ߸ Ѵ.
  Ʈ MPU-401 δٰ ϴ  浹 Ͼ
  ̴. 1542 address 334 ű   ̴.

  Դٰ, PAS-16  1542 Ѵ 16-bit DMA Ѵ. ׷ 16-bit 44 kHz
  stereo ø Ͽ 1542 ִ SCSI ̹ Ϸ Ѵٸ
    ̴.  DMA ġ(overlap) RAM  ʿ ð
   ʱ     ä "PARITY ERROR -
  SYSTEM HALTED"  ޼ εε ̴. QIC-117 tape
  ϴ  2 Ǹڵ 1542 bus on/off times 뺸 
   ϶ ǰν Ȳ  ڰ Ǿ. Adaptec's BBS
  Ǵ ͳ Ͽ SCSISEL.EXE α׷ ؼ  ذ
   BUS ON time ҽŰų BUS OFF time Ű ϶.
  ׷ Ŀ װ  ϳ (ont notch) Ǵ  ̻ ̵Ѷ.
  SCSISEL EEPROM  ٲٴ ̱  CONFIG.SYS  DOS
  driver line ٲٴ ͺ  ̴. ׸  ٷ
  ϸ  ۵ ̴ (DOS patchʹ ޸).

    -  Symphony Ĩ   (bus accesses) ӵ
  ̱  I/O Ŭ Ÿ̹ ũ  ״. ڰ ߴ
    ߿ PAS-16 ϰ  ͵ Ÿ̹ ҿ
  õ  Ű ʾҴ. Media Vision BBS SYMPFIX.EXE
   ִ.   Symphony bus controller ִ diagnostic
  bit Ͽ  ذ   ̶ . ׷ Ȯ
    .    ؾ ʿ䰡 ִ:

  o   Ǹڿ    Ĩ ȯ ٰ û϶,

  o  带 ü϶, Ǵ

  o  ٸ ȸ  ī带 ϶.

  Young Microsystems  30 ޷   ׵  带
  ׷̵   ̴; ٸ Ǹڵ鵵    带
    Ǵ  ߴ  Ǹ ׵  
  ( ).   ٿ ϸ PorAudio bus interface chip
   ִ. 120 ޷ ¥  ī带 缭 6MHz AT ġϿ
  ҷ  ƹ  ̴. κ 25-40 MHz 386/486
  ǻ͸  ̰   ׸ Ĩ  ε
  ̶ ּ 12MHz bus rate ϴ   ƴϴ. Exit
  soapbox (stage left).

  ù°   Ĩ, bus speed, ٸ ̿  ׸
    ޷ִ. ι°  refresh option  (hidden Ǵ
  synchronous), 1542 DMA rate ׸ (Ƹ) bus I/O rate ޷ִ.
  °  Symphony Ĩ  flavor Media Vision slow design
  ȣȯ ʴ Media Vision   Ϳ  ȴ. Be
  warned, though - 3 of 4 techs I talked to were braon demaged. ڴ
  ׵ ٸ  ϵ Ͽ  ̾߱ ϴ ϱ
  ƴ. ֳϸ ׵ ׵ ڽ    ̴.

  6.18.   ÿ а   Ѱ?

  Ϻ  ī ش ̹ full duples mode Ѵ. 
  ϴ 4Front Technologies ϴ  ϱ ٶ.

  6.19.   SB16 IRQ 2 Ѵ, ׷   
  ʴ´.

  286   ̻ ǻͿ IRQ 2 second interrupt controller
  cascaded Ǿ ִ. װ IRQ 9 ϴ.

  6.20.   ϴٰ     ų 
  α׷  ۵ ʴ´.

  ̰  soft reboot ϸ ߻Ѵ.  ߸ CONFIG.SYS
  Ϸ   ޼ ǥõǱ⵵ Ѵ.

   κ  ī IRQ  DMA  Ʈ Ѵ.
   MS-DOS/Windows   ٸٸ ̷   
  ִ. Ϻ  ī Ϻϰ (reset)   
  ޾Ƶ ʴ´ ( Ŀ ٰ Ѱų Ǵ  ư ϶)

     ذå soft reboot (: Ctrl-Alt-Del) ϴ
  ſ ǻ͸ ٰ ٽ Ѱų  ư ϴ ̴.

  Ȯ ذå MS-DOS   IRQ  DMA   ϴ ̴
  (Ǵ DOS  ʰų :-).

  6.21.   DOOM ų  

  ID software  DOOM ϴ̴ ⿡   ̴.

  Ȯ   ؼ ǽð DOOM mode ϴ  2.90
  ̻  ̹ ʿϴ.

    16 Ʈ̴.   ī尡 8 Ʈ
  <ftp://meatlab.unc.edu/pub/Linux/games/doom> ִ  α׷
  ߿ ϳ ̿Ͽ   带   ִ.

  DOOM ϰ    带 ׿ (sndserver
   ̸ ٸ ̸ ٲٸ ȴ)  ̴.

  Ʈ DOOM   ʴ´ ( DOS  ó).
  Ǳ  musserver α׷ ߰ؾ Ѵ. ̰
  <ftp://pandora.st.hmc.edu/pub/linux/musserver.tgz>    ִ.

  6.22.  (noise)  ϸ   ִ°?

  ǰ  弱 (shielded cables) ϰ  ī带 ٸ
   ű   ̴µ  ȴ.  ī忡 
    ִٸ  ٲپ  (Ƹ maximum  
  ̴).  mixer α׷ ̿Ͽ  ʴ Է (, ũ)
   η õǾ ִ Ȯ  ִ.

  Philipp Braunbeck ϸ ڽ ESS-1868  ī忡  
    ġ  ̸ ̿Ͽ    ־ٰ Ѵ.

   386 ý , Ŀ  ɼǿ no-hlt ָ 
  پ  ڴ ߰ߴ. ̰ Ŀη Ͽ idle process
  loop  halt instruction  ʵ ϴ ġ̴. ý
   ࿡    ְ LILO   (lilo.conf)
  append = "no-hlt" ָ ȴ.

  Ϻ  ī  (shielding)   (grounding)  ϴ
   ̱   ִ.

  6.23.  带      .

  ׷ٸ  õغ:

  o  ùٸ ̽ (: microphone) Ͽ ͼ α׷
     ϶

  o  Է  (input gain) ִ Ͽ ͼ ϶

  o  ϵ  ƴ   ϴٸ MS-DOS sound
     card recording  

    (playback)    (recording)   ٸ DMA
  channel ̿Ǵ 찡 ִ.  쿡  ɼ ִ δ
  recording DMA Ȯ ¾   ִ.

  6.24.   "ȣȯ"  ī MS-DOS  ʱȭ Ѿ
   ۵Ѵ.

  κ 쿡 " ȣȯ" (SoundBlaster compatible)
  ī  ̹ ٴ ٸ ̹ ϸ  
  ۵ ̴.  κ  ī ȣȯ̶  (
  , "16 bit SB Pro compatible" or "SB compatible 16 bit") Ϲ
      DOS  ȣȯ ϴ ϳ hack
   ̴. κ ī ֱ  Ŀο (2.0.1 ̻)
  ϴ  16 bit native mode  ִ.

   Ϻ (Ϲ  ) ī 쿡 
  忡 ۵ϴ   ʿ䰡 ִ. ⿡  ī
  Mwave-based ī̴.
  6.25.  16 Ʈ Ϳ ȣȯǴ  ī尡 
   8 Ʈ ۵Ѵ.

  Ϳ ȣȯ̶ ϴ 16 Ʈ  ī , δ
  8 Ʈ  ο ȣȯ ̴. ǥ װ͵
   16 ȣȯ  16 Ʈ 带 ϸ 
   ̹ ȣȯ ʴ´.

  MAD16 Ǵ MSS/WSS ̹ ϸ  ī尡 16-bit mode
  ۵  ִ.

  6.26.    α׷    ִ?

  ⿡   α׷   ִ ftp Ʈ 
   Ұϰڴ:

  o  <ftp://metalab.unc.edu/pub/Linux/kernel/sound/>

  o  <ftp://metalab.unc.edu/pub/Linux/apps/sound/>

  o  <ftp://tsx-11.mit.edu/pub/linux/packages/sound/>

  o  <ftp://nic.funet.fi/pub/OS/Linux/util/sound/>

  o  <ftp://nic.funet.fi/pub/OS/Linux/xtra/snd-kit/>

  o  <ftp://nic.funet.fi/pub/OS/Linux/ALPHA/sound/>

       ٶ.

  6.27.   ̹ Ż  (loadable module)μ  
   ִ°?

  ֱ Ŀο  ̹   Ż   
  ִ.

   ڼ  /usr/src/linux/drivers/Documentation/sound ִ
  ϵ ϱ ٶ. Ư Introduction README.modules 
  о.

  6.28.  system console beep ſ  ī带   ִ°?

  oplbeep α׷  ,
  <ftp://metalab.unc.edu/pub/Linux/apps/sound/oplbeep-2.3.tar.gz>
  ã  ִ.

   ٸ δ beep α׷ ִ,
  <ftp://metalab.unc.edu/pub/Linux/kernel/patches/misc/modreq_beep.tgz>
   ã  ִ.

  modutils Ű  α׷ Բ, 带 ϴ 
  α׷ Ŀ 䱸  ҷ  ֵϴ Ŀġ
  ִ.

  Ϻ ī , PC Ŀ   ī忡    ִ.
  ׷ Ǹ  Ҹ  ī Ŀ Ͽ µ ̴.

  6.29.  VoxWare  ΰ?

  4Front Technologies Ǹϴ   ̹ VoxWare, USS
  (Unix Sound System),  TASD (Temporarily Anonymous Sound
  Driver) ̸ ˷ ־.  OSS (Open Sound System)
  ̸ Ǹŵǰ ִ. δ  Ŀο Ե  OSS/Free
  θ⵵ Ѵ.

   ڼ  4Front Technologies Ʈ
  <http://www.opensound.com/> ϱ ٶ.  1997 6ȣ Linux
  Journal OSS/Linux  縦 ڰ ۼ  ִ.

  6.30.  Sox/Play/Vplay reports "invalid block size 1024"

  SNDCTL_DSP_GETBLKXIZE ioctl ǵִ  4096  ū
  (Ȯϰ) ϴ Ϻ   α׷ , 
  1.3.67  ̹ ȭ Ͽ  ǹȴ. The latest
  sound driver versions have been fixed to avoid allocating fragments
  shorter than 4096 bytes which solves this problem with old utilities.

  6.31.   ̹  ε  ͼ  µȴ.

   ̹ Ż    kerneld Ͽ ڵ
  ε, ε (unload)  ִ. ⿡ Ѱ    ִ.
  Ŀ ٽ ε  ͼ  Ʈ  ǵ 
  ̴. Ϻ  ī  Ҹ ʹ ũų (: SB16) Ǵ
  ʹ   ִ. Markus Gutshke (gutschk@uni-muenster.de) 
   ذå Ͽ.  /etc/conf.modules Ͽ Ʒ 
  ߰϶:

       options sound dma_buffsize=65536 && /usr/bin/setmixer igain 0 ogain 0 vo

  ̷ ν  ̹ ε ڸ ٷ ͼ α׷
  ( 쿡 setmixer)  ̴. dma_buffersize ɼ 
   ɼ 䱸ϱ  ʿ dummy value ̴. ʿ 
  ͼ α׷   (gain setting) ߱   
  ϶.

   ̹ Ŀ ӿ Խ , ͼ   Ʈ
   ϰ Ѵٸ /etc/rc.d/rc.local   ý   
  Ͽ Ʈ  ͼ α׷ θ   ִ.

  6.32.  Ʈ    쿡 带   ִ.

   2.0.x Ŀο ִ Readme.linux  ̽  
  ũƮ Ʈ (root)  ̽   ֵ Ǿ ִ.
  ̰    (potential security hole) Ʋ 
  ̴.  Ʈũ ȯ濡 ܺ ڰ  ī ũ
  ׸ ûġ (eavesdrop) Ͽ  PC α ϴ 
    ִ.  ̷   ʴ´ٸ ũƮ 
  (permission)  κ  ϸ ȴ.

  ũƮ ġ ʰ Ųٸ Ϲݻ   ִ
  ȴ.  ̰    ƴ ణ   ִ.
  6.33.  IBM ThinkPad   ġ Ǵ°?

  IBM ThinkPad laptop computer mwave sound card  ϰ
  ʹٸ /usr/src/linux/Documentation/sound/mwave ϱ ٶ.

  6.34.   ī忡 ͼ  α׷ ۵ ʴ´

  Ϻ  8 Ʈ  ī忡 ͼ ȸΰ . Ϻ
   α׷ ͼ ġ  ٴ   ʱ 
   ۵ ʴ ̴. Jens Werner (werner@bert.emv.ing.tu-
  bs.de) ϸ /dev/mixer /dev/null ũ ѳ Ӽ 
   ذȴٰ Ѵ.

  6.35.  SB16 CT4170 õ 

  Scott Manley (spm@star.arm.ac.uk) ϸ:

       ο   ī尡 ִ  δ.
       SB16 Ǹ Ǿ ī忡 ǥõ  ȣ CT4170
       ̾.  𿡴 DMA ä ϳ ̶ 16 Ʈ DMA
       뿡  ִ. ذå ι° DMA 1 ϴ
       ̴. ׷  ۵ ̴.

  6.36.   ī忡 MIDI Ű   ϳ

  Kim G. S. OEyhus (kim@pvv.ntnu.no) ϸ:

        ī ̵ Է ڿ  Ű ̵ 
       ڸ  ϴ ˾ƺ   
       ͳ   ƹ ҵ浵 .   
        ġ, /dev/midi, Ѵٴ ̴. ּ OSS 
       ýۿ ׷. ׷ ϴ  ãƳ´. ̷
       ϸ Ϻϰ ̵ ϴ ſ  ŵ ȴ.

       CONNECTING A MIDI MASTER-KEYBOARD DIRECTLY TO A SOUNDCARD
       WITH MIDI

       ̵  Ű忡 ŵ   ̵  
         ̴.  ̺ ̿ϸ κ
       ī忡 ϴ 15-pin D-SUB Ʈ ̵  ڸ
         ִ.

       ̷ Ű带 ̿ϸ ̵ ŵ ġ  
       ִ.  Ű ϴ  ŵ Ǵ
       ̴.

       Ʒ α׷     Ų.  
       gcc -o prog prog.c  ϸ ȴ.

       #include <fcntl.h>

       main()
       {
         int fil, a;
         char b[256];

         fil=open("/dev/midi", O_RDWR);
         for(;;)
           {
             a=read(fil, b, 256);
             write(fil, b, a);
           }
       }

  6.37.  IRQ 15  Ensoniq PCI 128 

  Matthew Inger (mattinger@mindless.com) ϸ:

       Ensoniq PCI 128 ī带  ۵Űµ ʿ .

         ī尡 ÷׾÷̿  ͷƮ 15
       ⺻ Ϸ Ѵٴ ̴. ׷ ̴  ide
       Ʈѷ ϰ ְ ٸ ġ    ̴.
        es1370 ī尡  ͷƮ  ٲپ Ѵ
       ( ϴ ͷƮ 11 ϰ Ѵ).

         :

       a) BIOS ÷׾÷ OS ٰ Ѵ.  
       ̷  advanced ɼǿ ־.

       b) ̿ PCI ÿ ͷƮ 15 leagcy ISA
       devices Ѵ.   advanced ɼǿ PCI 
       ޴ ־. װ Resource Exclusion area
       Ͽ.

       ٽ  ϸ 带    ̴. (
       ޼   Դ   ). ϰ snd
       config  Ų  ׽Ʈ ޼ ÷ Ѻ
       Ҹ ׷  ʾ Ǳ Ǿ. ׷ CD
        Ϻϰ  Ǿ.

        ؼ  ʿ䰡 . ISA 𵩰 
       ī带 ġϿ    ƹ  ۵Ͽ.

         BIOS  Ͱ ٸ  ִٴ ̴.
       ׷  ΰ ׸   ãƼ ϱ⸸ ϸ ȴ.
        ٶ.

  6.38.  Where can I get freely available MIDI patches to run SoftOSS?

  SoftOSS Ŀ  ̹ ԵǾ ִ software-based
  ̺̺ ŵ̸ Gravis Utrasound ī ȣȯȴ. 
  ̹ ۵Ű GUS ȣȯ ̵ ġ  ʿϴ. Ŀ
   "public domain MIDIA patchset available from several ftp
  sites"  ִ.

  4Front Technologies 
  <http://www.opensound.com/softoss.html>  
  <ftp://archive.cs.umbc.edu/pub/midia/instruments.tar.gz> 
   ִ.

  7.  

  CD-ROM Ǵ SCSI ̽ ϴ  ī带  ִٸ
  SCSI HOWTO and the Linux CD-ROM HOWTO п  
    ִ.

  Sound Playing HOWTO        
  ϴ Ѵ.

  Linux SoundBlaster AWE32/64 Mini-HOWTO  32 Ǵ 64
  ī带  ϴ  Ǿ ִ.

  4Front Technologies Ʈ
  <http://www.opensound.com/pguide> α׷    ִ.

   FAQ  news.announce   ԽõǸ 
  <ftp://rtfm.mit.edu/pub/usenet/news.answers>  ã  ִ:

  o  PCsoundcards/generic-faq (Generic PC Soundcard FAQ)

  o  PCsoundcards/soundcard-faq (comp.sys.ibm.pc.soundcard FAQ)

  o  PCsoundcards/gravis-ultrasound/faq (Gravis UltraSound FAQ)

  o  audio-fmts/part1 (Audio file format descriptions)

  o  audio-fmts/part2 (Audio file format descriptions)

  FAQs  ǰ Ư ϸ Ʈ  archive sites (ftp Ʈ
  )    ִ.   Ǵ ǿ  ͵
  ϴ  ׷̴:

  o  alt.binaries.sounds.* (various groups for posting sound files)

  o  alt.binaries.multimedia (for posting Multimedia files)

  o  alt.sb.programmer (Soundblaster programming topics)

  o  comp.multimedia (Multimedia topics)

  o  comp.music (Computer music theory and research)

  o  comp.sys.ibm.pc.soundcard.* (various IBM PC soundcard groups)

  <http://viswiz.gmd.de/MultimediaInfo/>  Ƽ̵ õ
  Ʈ ã  ִ.  ̵  ׷α׷  
  ٸ  Ʈδ  <http://sound.condorow.net/> ִ. Creative
  Labs Ʈ  <http://www.creaf.com/> ̴. MediaTrix 
  Ʈ  <http://www.mediatrix.com/> ̴.

   ϸ Ʈ 带    ٷ 
  "channel" Ѵ. ϸ Ʈ ϴ  ˰ 
  ޼ 뿡 "help"   majordomo@vger.rutgers.edu  
   (: ̵ ϸ Ʈ  ī ¾  õ
    . ̵ ߰ õ  ٷ ϸ
  Ʈ̴)

  տ  Ͽ,  ī ̹   
   ִ  Readme  Ŀ  ̹ ԵǾ ִ.
  ̵  /usr/src/linux/drivers/sound ִ.

  OSS( Ÿ Unix ü    ̹) 
    <http://www.opensound.com/> ִ 4Front Technologies
  Ʈ  ã  ִ.

  Linux Software Map (LSM)  Ʈ ã    
   ڷ̴.  ϵ õ α׷
  ȮϷ sound  Ű (keywords) Ͽ LSM Žϴ
    ̴.  <ftp://meatlab.unc.edu/pub/Linux/docs/LSM>
    anonymous FTP Ʈ LSM ã  ִ. 
   α׷  Ÿ̽  ϴ Ʈ
    ִ.   ϳ  <http://www.freshmeat.net>̴.

  Linux Documentation Project Linux Installation and Getting Started
  Ͽ     å ߰Ͽ. ̵ å ֿ 
  archive Ʈ anonymous FTP Ͽ     
  å   ִ.

   ġ  Ѱ: е  Ƽ̵
  (Ư CD-ROM   ī α׷  α׷)  Ͽ 
     Ѵٸ O'Reilly and Associates  ߰  å
  Linux Multimedia Guide (ISBN 1-56592-219-0)   .  
  Ҿǰ Ϻǵ Ѵ.  ڼ  ϾƸ޸ī
  800-998-9938 ȭ ϰų ׵ Ʈ
  <http://www.ora.com/catalog/multilinux/noframes.html> Ǵ 
  Ȩ <http://www.pobox.com/~tranter> 湮 .

