   Ʈ Ű ϰ νϱ

  Mendel Cooper <mailto:thegrendel@theriver.com> --- http://per
  sonal.riverusers.com/~thegrendel/ <http://per
  sonal.riverusers.com/~thegrendel/>
  v1.91, 27 July 1999
  : ڹμ mpark@hrl.hitachi.co.jp

     "Ϲ" н Ʈ  ϰ
  ġϴ   ȳ̴.  ƿ﷯ "rpm" "deb"  ̸
  Űȭ ̳ʸ鿡 ؼ  ٷ.
  ______________________________________________________________________

  

  1. 
  2.  Ǯ
  3. make 
  4. ̸ Űȭ ̳ʸ 
     4.1 rpms,  ߸Ǿ?
     4.2 rpms :   

  5. Termcap  Terminfo õ ̽
  6. a.out ̳ʸ ϰ ȣȯ
     6.1 

  7. ذ
     7.1 ũ 
     7.2 ٸ 
     7.3 (tweaking) ̼ (fine tuning)
     7.4   ʿ    

  8.  ܰAID CDATA finalsteps(LABEL)LABEL
  9. ù° : Xscrabble
  10. ι° : Xloadimage
  11. ° : Fortune
  12. ׹° : Hearts
  13. ټ° : XmDipmon
  14. ҽ  ã  ִ 
  15.  ̾߱
  16.     AID CDATA refs(LABEL)LABEL
  17.  

  ______________________________________________________________________

  1.  

  н   Ʈ Ű  ҽ  ·
  ȴ.  Ȱ Ű  ٸ  ǻͿ ư
  ϵ  ְ,  Ʈ ڴ    
    ִ.  ̷ ؼ,  Ʈ Ű  
   DEC , RISC ũ̼ǿ  ӿ ̸
  ǻͿ ϵǰ ȴ.   ϰԵ ̷ Ŀ
   -- ٷ  --  Ʈ ϰ ġ å 
  Ѵ.  ,   ϴ  ⺸ ưų źο 
  ƴϴ.   ȳ ֵ ̴.

  2.   Ǯ

   Ʈ Ű ٿ޴   ߴ.  밳 
  Ű .tar.gz ̳ .tgz ̶ ·  Ϸ Ƽ(tarred)
  (gzipped) ̴.  ( "tarball"̶ ˷ִ)  켱 
    ۾ ͸ Ѵ.    Ǯ(gunzip)
    Ϸ Ǯ´(untar).  tar xzvf ̸ ̶ ϸ
  ȴ.   ̸ ̶ Ʈ  ̸̴.  tar Ǯ 
   ͸  ű⿡  ϵ ġѴ.  Ȥ Ű
   Ȯڰ .Z  ص     ִ.  uncompress
    tar xvf  ص ȴ.  tar tzvf ̸̶ ϸ 
   ̸   ִ.      ϰų 
  ʰ Ű    ش.

  "tarball" Ǯ      ϴ.

  o  gzip -cd filename | tar xvf -

  o  gunzip -c filename | tar xvf -

     ('-' tar  Է ǥԷκ а Ѵ.)

  ο bzip2(.bz2)  ҽ  bzip2 -cd ̸ | tar xvf -
   Ǯ  ִ.   tar  ġ ߴٸ (ڼ  Bzip2 HOWTO
   )  tar xyvf ̸ ̶    ִ.
    ν īͰ  ٸ tar ġ Ƿ -I,
  --bzip2, --bunzip2  ɼ Ѵ.

  [   ϰ Ʈϵ  Ϳ  R. Lynn Fabrizio
  Stefani Ѵ.]

  Ű     ,    
   Ȩ ͸  /, /usr/src, /opt  ٸ ͸ Ǯ
  ġؾ Ѵ.   Ǯ (untar)  ޽ ´ٸ, 
  ͸    ִ.  Ű  , Ư README Ȥ
  ִٸ INSTALL  о .  ׸ ġ ɿ ° config
  ϰ Makefile ʿ信  ġ .  Imake  밳
  ǵ ȵȴٴ  ϶.   巯 ʴ  
    ֱ ̴.  κ Ʈ Ű make install 
  ϸ ̳ʸ ϵ ý  ڸ ٵε Ͽ ġ
  ͸  ڵ óѴ.

  o  ͳ ׷   shar ̳ shell archive 
     ҽϵ   ִ.   ĵ    ִٴ 
      ǰ ִ.  ׷ ڰ ҽ а
     ϰų,   쿡   ֱ ̴.  
      unshar ̸.shar  Ǯ Ѵ.  ٸ 
     "tarball" .

  o   ҽ ϵ zip, arc, lha, arj, zoo, rar, shk  DOS,
     Mac, Amiga  ǥ  ƿƼ óǾ ִ.  
     ̵ κ ó  ִ  ƿƼ sunsite
     <http://metalab.unc.edu>  ִ.

  δ Ǯ ҽ  Ʈϰų   
  ʿ䰡 ִ.  ̷     patch diff 
  Ѵ.  ̰ README Ÿ     ִ.  Larry Wall
   ƿƼ patch ϴ   patch < patchfile ̴.

   ġ    ܰ Ѿ   ̴.

  3.  make 

  Makefile   .    · , Makefile
  Ű   κ "̳ʸ " ϱ  ϳ
  ũƮ.  Makefile ҽ   ٽ  ʰ
  Ʈ Ű ϴ    , װ  ٸ
  ̾߱(Ȥ  ٸ )̴.

     Makefile cc gcc Ų.  cc gcc 
    ȣ ó C(Ȥ C++) Ϸ, Ŀ ̴.
     ҽ  ų  ִ ̳ʸ ȯȴ.

  밳 make  ġ⸸ ϸ make   ִ.  ̷ ϸ
  Ϲ ġϷ ϴ Ű ʿ   ϵ
  Ѵ.   make ϵ  ͸ ġѴٰų
  (make install),  object  ϴ (make clean), ٸ
  ۾鵵   ִ.  make -n ̶ ϸ make   
  ɵ  ʰ ֱ⸸ ϹǷ   ̸  
  ִ.

  Ϲ Makefile   ſ  Ʈ ̴.  
   ġ  ̺귯 include ϵ ġ,  ǻ
  ڿ   Makefile  ʿ䰡 ִ.  Ư Ͽ X11
  ̺귯 ʿ 찡 ̿ شȴ.   ۾ Imake xmkmf
  óѴ.

  man  Imakefile Makefile "ø"̶ ϰ ִ.  imake
  ƿƼ Imakefileκ  ýۿ ´ Makefile Ѵ.
   κ   imake ƿƼ Ʈ (front
  end)μ imake ҷ  ũƮ xmkmf ų ̴.
  ü ô Ʈ Ű ִ README INSTALL 
  оƶ. (Ȥ ҽ ϵ  Ǭ  ⺻ ͸ Imake
   ִٸ, xmkmf ϶ .)      ڼ
  м Imake xmkmf man  оƶ.

  xmkmf make root Ѿ   ִٴ  ϶.  Ư
  ̳ʸ ϵ /usr/bin̳ /usr/local/bin ͸ ű ؼ
  make install ų  ׷.  root   Ϲ ڷμ
  make ϸ write access denied   ޽  Ǳ .
  ý ͸  㰡   ʱ ̴.  
  ̳ʸ ϵ Ű ٸ  ڵ鿡   㰡
   ִ Ȯؾ Ѵ.

  xmkmf  ýۿ ´ ο Makefile  ؼ Imake
   Ѵ.   xmkmf -a ɼǰ Բ Ѵ.  make
  Makefiles, make includes, make depend  ڵ ϱ ؼ.
  ̷ ϸ Ϸ Ŀ   ϰ ̺귯
  ġ Ѵ.  δ Imake      ϴ
  INSTALL ̳ configure   ũƮ   ִ.  configure
  Ű ./configure  ؾ Ѵٴ  ؾ Ѵ.  
  ͸ Ȯ configure ũƮ ȣϱ ؼ.  κ
    README Ͽ ġ     ִ.

   xmkmf ġ ũƮ  Makefile   캸 
  .  밳 Makefile  ýۿ , 쿡 󼭴
  Makefile ϰų,    ʿ䰡   ִ.

  밳 Ʈμ make install ϸ,   ̳ʸ  ϵ 
  ý ͸ ġϰ ȴ.     , ý
  ü ̳ʸ ϵ  /usr/bin, /usr/X11R6/bin,
  /usr/local/bin ġȴ.   ġߴ  Ϻΰ ƴϱ
    ̳ʸ Ϸ ܵα ؼ ο Ű
  /usr/local/bin ġϴ  .

    UNIX   Ű /opt Ÿ  ͸
  ġǵ Ǿ   ִ.   ,  ͸ ٸ,
  翬 ġ  ޽  ȴ.    ذϴ  
   root μ /opt ͸  Ű ġϰ, ش
  ͸ PATH ȯ溯 ִ ̴.  Ǵ /usr/local/bin
  ͸ ɺ ũ   ִ.

  Ϲ ġ  ϸ  .

  o  README   ׹   д´.

  o  xmkmf -a, INSTALL, configure Ѵ.

  o  Makefile ȮѴ.

  o  ʿϸ, make clean, make Makefiles, make includes, make depend
     Ѵ.

  o  make Ѵ.

  o   㰡 ȮѴ.

  o  ʿϸ make install Ѵ.

  :

  o   Ű  rootμ  ʴ´.  root su ϴ 
     ϵ ̳ʸ ϵ ý ͸ ġ 
     ʿϴ.

  o  make   ͼ , ġϷ Ű Ե
     Ȥ   ǥ Makefile gcc  ȭ ɼ
     ߰ϰ   ִ.   ɼ -O2, -fomit-frame-pointer,
     -funroll-loops, (Ƽ cpu) -mpentium ̴.  Makefile
       ؾ Ѵ.

  o  make ̳ʸ    strip ϰ   ִ.
     strip̶ ̳ʸ Ͽ ɺ   ؼ  ũ⸦
      ٿִ ̴.   ̷ ϸ  Ұϴ.

  o  Pack Distribution  Project <http://sunsite.auc.dk/pack/> 
     ÷ ͸ ġ ϵ  ɺ ũ óϵ
     Python ũƮ ۼ 鿡 ϴµ,  Ʈ
     Ű  Ǵٸ  Ѵ.    Ű 
     tarball, /coll /pack ͸ ġȴ.   
       Ʈ Pack-Collection  ٿ޾ƾ Ѵ.

  4.  ̸ Űȭ ̳ʸ 

  4.1.  rpms,  ߸Ǿ?

  ҽκ  Ű ϰ ġϴ  и 
   ڵ鿡Դ ſ ̳ ̴.  ׷ αִ rpm deb
  Ȥ  ο Stampede slp Ű  ϰ Ѵ.  rpm ġ
   ε巴   ִ.   Ǹ  ü
  Ʈ ġϴ  ŭ̳ ̴.   ڵ ġǴ
  ̸ Űȭ ̳ʸ   ؼ и  ƾ
  Ѵ.

  ù°, Ʈ Ű   "tarball" Ǹ, ̸
  Űȭ ̳ʸ  ĥ    ڴʰ ´ٴ
   ˾ƾ Ѵ.   rpm Ű ֽ "tarball"  
  ̳  2  ʴ  Ϲ̴.   Ʈ ÷
  󰡰  ̶, rpm̳ deb ⸦ ٸ  
  ̴.   αִ Ű ƿ rpm   
  ִ.

  °, "tarball" Ű  ϸ,   ɼ  ְ, 
  ȭŰ .  ̳ʸ  rpm    
   Ϻθ     ִ.  ҽ rpm ü ҽ ڵ带
  ϰ , rpm --recompile Ű̸.rpm ̳ rpm --rebuild
  Ű̸.rpm ɼ ϰ ġϿ Ѵ.

  °,  ̸ Űȭ ̳ʸ ϵ  ġ ,
  ġ Ǿٰ ص   ϰ core-dump  
  ִ.  ̰ ϰ ִ ̺귯   ýۿ ִ
  Ͱ ٸ   ְ,  Űȭ ʾ  ,
  Ȥ  ࿡  (plain broken)  ִ.   ,
  rpm̳ deb ġߴٸ,   rpm̳ deb Ű  
  õ Ͼ߸ Ѵ.

  , ҽ  װκ  ؼ, ҽ ڵ带 
    ִ  .  ҽ ڵ带  Ϸ  ִ 
   ҽ rpm  ִ   ξ  ϴ.

  rpm Ű ġϴ   ƹ    ƴϴ.
     rpm ġ  ̴.   , rpm
   ýۿ ִ Ͱ ٸ  ̺귯 䱸Ѵٸ, ġ
     ̴.    ִ ̺귯 
  ̺귯 ɺ ũ ش ص ̴.  rpm ġ
  ϱ , "tarball" ġ ϴ Ͱ   ϴ
  찡  ִ.

   ʿ  㰡  ؼ rpm deb ġ rootμ
  ؾ߸ ϴµ, ̰ ɰ    ߱Ѵ.  
   ý ̳ʸ ϰ ̺귯 Ĺų, 
   ý ı Ʈ 񸶸 ġ  ֱ ̴.  
  rpm deb Ű "  ִ ڷ"κ   ߿ϴ.
   쿡  rpm Ű ġϱ , rpm --cecksig
  Ű̸.rpm  (MD5 checksum Ͽ)   ϰ
  Ѵ.  deb Ű ̿ شϴ  dpkg -I | --info
  Ű̸.deb  dpkg -e | --control Ű̸.deb ̴.

  o  rpm --checksig gnucash-1.1.23-4.i386.rpm

  gnucash-1.1.23-4.i386.rpm: size md5 OK

  o  rpm -K --nopgp gnucash-1.1.23-4.i386.rpm

  gnucash-1.1.23-4.i386.rpm: size md5 OK

  ¥  ȯ(  ̶ θ 찡  ),
  Ű Ǯ  Ҹ Ȯϱ unrpm rpmunpack
  ƿƼ Sunsite utils/package directory utils/package
  ͸   ִ.

  Klee Diene <mailto:klee@debian.org> ġ .deb Ͽ  ִ
  MD5 checksum Ͽ Ȯϴ dpkgcert  Ű
  ۼߴ.  Debian ftp archive   ִ.   Ű ̸ 
   dpkgcert_0.2-4.1_all.deb ̴.  "http://dpkgcert.jimpick.com"
  name="Jim Pick Software">Ʈ dpkgcert   ý
   Ű ϵ ϴ   ͺ̽ ϰ
  ִ.

   ܼϰԴ, rpm -i Ű̸.rpm  dpkg --install
  Ű̸.deb  ڵ Ʈ Ǯ ġ  ִ.
     ͸   ý ĥ  Ƿ
  ؾ Ѵ.

        pkgtool ġ ƿƼ 
  ȴ.   "ڵȭ" Ʈ ġ Ǹ ϴ ̴.

  martian
  <http://www.people.cornell.edu/pages/rc42/program/martian.html>
  alien <http://kitenet.net/programs/alien/> α׷ rpm, deb,
  Stampede slp, tar.gz Ű   ȯش.   α׷
    Ű      ִ.

   ڼ  ʿϸ rpm dpkg  man  ؼ
  а, RPM HOWTO TFUG Quick Guide to Red Hat's Package Manager
  <http://www.tfug.org/helpdesk/linux/rpm.html>, The Debian Package
  Management Tools <http://www.debian.org/doc/FAQ/debian-faq-7.html>
  ϶.

  4.2.  rpms :   

  Jan Hubicka <mailto:hubicka@paru.cas.cz> xaos ſ Ǹ Ż
  Ű .   Ȩ
  <http://www.paru.cas.cz/~hubicka/XaoS> .tar.gz rpm 
  Ű   ִ.  Ǹ ؼ "tarball" ٴ rpm 
  ϱ .

  ϰԵ rpm  xaos ġϴµ ߴ.    rpm 
     ʾҴ.

  rpm -i --test XaoS-3.0-1.i386.rpm

       error: failed dependencies:
               libslang.so.0 is needed by XaoS-3.0-1
               libpng.so.0 is needed by XaoS-3.0-1
               libaa.so.1 is needed by XaoS-3.0-1

  rpm -i --test xaos-3.0-8.i386.rpm

       error: failed dependencies:
               libaa.so.1 is needed by xaos-3.0-8

  ̻  libslang.so.0, libpng.so.0, libaa.so.1  
  ý /usr/lib ͸ ־ٴ ̴.  xaos rpm 
  ȣ Ƶ  ٸ  ̺귯  ϵǾ
  Ʋ.

   xaos-3.0-8.i386.rpm --nodeps ɼ ־  ġ
  .  xaos  , ۵ ʴ´.

       xaos: error in loading shared libraries: xaos: undefined symbol: __fabsl

   ̷ Ǵ ˾ƺ ,  õ  .  xaos
    ̺귯 ϰ ִ ãƺ  ldd
   , ʿ  ̺귯  ִٴ  ش.
  /usr/lib/libaa.so.1 ̺귯 nm ؼ  ɺ ۷
   ,  ̺귯  __fabsl ִٴ   
  ִ.    ִ ۷ ٸ ̺귯   
  ...  ̺귯 ٲ ʴ ,  ̻ ¿  .

  rpm  ϴ.   "tarball"  XaoS-3.0.tar.gz Ȩ
   ftp Ʈ
  <ftp://ftp.ta.jcu.cz/pub/linux/hubicka/XaoS/3.0> ٿ޴´.  
  Ű غ .  ./configure, make Ű,
   (Ʈμ) make install Ѵ.   ۵Ѵ.

  ̰ ̸ ϵ Ű       Ű
     ϳ ̴.

  5.  Termcap  Terminfo õ ̽

  man  ϸ, "terminfo ũ  α׷鿡 
  ̿Ǵ, ͹̳   ̽"̴.  terminfo ؽƮ
  ͹̳ο ǥϱ  Ǵ   (escape code) Ϲ
   ϸ, Ư ̹ ʿ  ٸ ͹̳ ϵ
    ֵ Ѵ.  terminfo ̺귯   
  /usr/share/terminfo  ġѴ.

  terminfo ̹ ̽  termcap    termlib
   о´.  termcap 䱸ϴ Ű ٷ  ϰ,
  α׷ ġϴµ   Ű澵 ʿ䰡 .

   κ   terminfo ϰ ,  
  α׷ ȣȯ   termcap ̺귯 ϰ
  ִ.  (/etc/termcap .)   termcap ũ ̳ʸ 
     ֵ ϱ  ġǾ ϴ Ư ȣȯ Ű
  ִ.  ſ 幰Դ ҽ Ͽ #define termcap ̶ 
  ּ ó ʿ䰡   ִ.  ̿    
  ϴ    Ͽ Ȯϵ ϶.

  6.  a.out ̳ʸ ϰ ȣȯ

  ſ 幮 , a.out ̳ʸ  ؾ߸   ִ.
  ҽ ڵ带   ٰų,   ҽκ ο ELF
  ̳ʸ     ̴.

  ̷ , ELF ġ  ý 밳 /usr/i486-linuxaout/lib
  ͸ Ϻ a.out ̺귯  ִ.  a.out
  ̺귯 ELF ̺귯 ȥ ϱ  ELF ٸ 
  δ.   a.out ̳ʸ    ùٸ ̺귯
  ã  ־ , ׻ ̷  ʴ´.

  Ŀ a.out   ü  μ  ϵǾ
  Ѵٴ Ϳ ϶.  ʿϸ Ŀ ٽ   ִ.  
    Ư ȣȯ ƿƼ ġؾ ϱ⵵ Ѵ.  
   a.out X  α׷ ؼ, ȿ xcompat ġؾ
  Ѵ.

  6.1.  

  Jerry Smith    rolodex ſ  α׷ ®.  
  α׷ Motif ̺귯 ,   ũ
  a.out  ̳ʸ    ִ.    lesstif
  ̺귯 Ἥ ٽ  Ϸ ҽ  ľ Ѵٴ
  ̴.   ū  a.out  ELF ýۿ   
  ޽ Ͷ߸ٴ ̴.

       xrolodex: can't load library '//lib/libX11.so.3'
       No such library

   , /usr/i486-linuxaout/lib ׷ ̺귯  xrolodex
   ̺귯  ߿ ã  ̴.   ذå /lib
  ̺귯 ɺ ũ ִ ̴.

  ln -s /usr/i486-linuxaout/lib/X11.so.3.1.0 libX11.so.3

  libXt.so.3 libc.so.4 ̺귯  ũ ־ Ѵ.
   ̷ ϵ rootμ ؾ Ѵ.  ̶ ̹ ִ ̺귯
  ų  ȣ 浹 Ű  ƴ  Ȯ ؾ
  Ѵٴ  ϶.   ο ELF ̺귯 ̷ 
  ϰ ̸ a.out ̺귯    ȣ  ִ.

    ũ ְ , xrolodex  ȴ.

  xrolodex Ű  Spectro <http://www.spectro.com/> ÷,
  װ   .   Sunsite
  <http://metalab.unc.edu/pub/Linux/apps/reminder/xrolodex.tar.z>
  tar.Z  ҽ [512k] ٿ  ִ.

  7.  ذ

    xmkmf make ߴٸ, `` '' Ѿ .
   " Ȱ" ù  Ǵ   .  ̶
   ġ  .

  7.1.  ũ 

  o  xmkmf  make   ޽  ߴٰ
     .  Ling error: -lX11: No such file or directory  
     Imake    ʾ ɼ ũ.  Makefile
     ùκп ִ   ٵ Ȯ .

       LIB=            -L/usr/X11/lib
       INCLUDE=        -I/usr/X11/include/X11
       LIBS=           -lX11 -lc -lm

  -L -I ġ  Ϸ Ŀ ̺귯 include
  ϵ 𿡼 ãƾ ϴ ˷ִ ̴.    X11
  ̺귯 /usr/X11/lib ͸, X11 include ϵ
  /usr/X11/include/X11 ͸ ־ Ѵ.   ǻʹ ̿
  ٸٸ, Makefile ʿ  ϰ, make ٽ   ϶.

  o     ̺귯 Լ  ǵ 
     (undefined reference)  :

                /tmp/cca011551.o(.text+0x11): undefined reference to `cos'

     ع Makefile  LIB̳ LIBS κ( 
  ) -lm  ν  ̺귯  ũϴ
  ̴.

  o  xmkmf      ִ Ǵٸ   ũƮ.

                make -DUseInstalled -I/usr/X386/lib/X11/config

  ̰ xmkmf   (bare bone) ̴.

  o  ſ 幮 , rootμ ldconfig Ű  ع 
      ִ.

  # ldconfig   ̺귯 ɺ ũ Ѵ.  ̰ ݵ
  ʿ  ƴ  ִ.

  o   Makefile  ýۿ ִ ̺귯  νĵ
     (unrecognized) (alias) ϱ⵵ Ѵ.   ,
      libX11.so.6 䱸 /usr/X11R6/lib ׷ ̳
     ũ   ִ.   libX11.so.6.1 ִ.  ذå
     rootμ ln -s /usr/X11R6/lib/libX11.so.6.1
     /usr/X11R6/lib/libX11.so.6  ϴ ̴.    ldconfig
     Ѿ   ִ.

  o  δ ҽ ϱ   X11R5 ̺귯 ʿ
      ִ.  /usr/X11R6/lib R5 ̺귯 ִٸ(ó 
     ġ  ̰ ġϵ ɼ ־ٸ), Ʈ
     ϱ  ʿ ũ  ִ Ȯϸ ȴ.  R5
     ̺귯 ̸ libX11.so.3.1.0, libXaw.so.3.1.0,
     libXt.so.3.1.0 ̴.   libX11.so.3 -> libX11.so.3.1.0 
     ũ ʿϴ.  Ʈ libX11.so -> libX11.so.3.1.0 
     ũ ʿ   ִ.   "ִ" ũ ,
     rootμ ln -s libX11.so.3.1.0 libX11.so  .

  o   Ű ̺귯 ֽ  ġϵ 䱸ϱ⵵
     Ѵ.   , StarDivision GmbH StarOffice Ű 4.x
      5.4.4 ̻   libc 䱸ϱ Ǹ Ҵ.
     ׺ ڿ  StarOffice 5.0 ο glibc 2.1 ̺귯
     ġϰ  ۵ ʴ´.  ,    StarOffice
     5.1   ذߴ.    StarOffice Ű,
     rootμ ̺귯  ͸ ϰ, 
     ̺귯   ɺ ũ ٽ ؾ Ѵ. (̿
        ʿϸ ֽ  StarOffice miniHOWTO .)

     : Ǽϸ  ý ۵ ʵ   Ƿ, 
      ص Ͽ Ѵ.  ŵ ֽ ̺귯 밳
     Sunsite ã  ִ.

     ֽ ̺귯 밳 Sunsite ã  ִ.

  7.2.  ٸ 

  o  ġǾ ִ Perl ̳ ׹  ũƮ No such file or
     directory  ޽   ִ.   쿡  
     ϰ Ǿ ִ 㰡 Ȯϰ, ũƮ ȣϴ ̳
     α׷  ġ ִ   κ Ȯϵ Ѵ.
       ũƮ Ʒ  Ѵٰ .

       #!/usr/local/bin/perl

  Perl  /usr/local/bin ƴ϶ /usr/bin ͸ ġǾ
  ִٸ,  ũƮ   ̴.    ذϴ 
     ִ.  ũƮ   #!/usr/bin/perl
  ٲٰų, ln -s /usr/bin/perl /usr/local/bin/perl  Ȯ
  ͸ ɺ ũ ߰ ָ ȴ.

  o   X11 Ʈ Ϸ Motif ̺귯 ʿϴ.
     ǥ   Motif ̺귯 ,  Motif
     100-200 ޷.  (   Lesstif
     <http://www.lesstif.org/>    .)   Ű
     ϱ  Motif ʿѵ, Motif ̺귯  
     ʴٸ  ũ ̳ʸ    ̴.   ũ
     ̺귯 ƾ ̳ʸ ü ִ ̴.  ̷ ϸ
     ̳ʸ  ξ Ŀ, ش ̺귯  ýۿ
     ų  ִ.

     ýۿ  ̺귯 ʿϴٸ,  Ű
  ũ (undefined reference error) ų ̴.  ׷
  ̺귯  ̰ų, ٸ   ã    ִ.
  ׷ 쿡  ũ ̳ʸ Ű ڳ  
  ׷쿡Լ ϴ    ذå̴.

  o  configure ũƮ ״  Ϸ Űʹ
      ̴ ̻ Makefile  찡 ִ.  ̰
      path  ٸ 򰡿 ߰ߵ  configure
     ߴٴ ̴.  ̷  Ϸ ׻ ./configure
     ϵ .

  o  κ    lib 5 libc 6 /glibc 2
     ̺귯 ٲ.   ̺귯 Բ ۵ϵ ̸
     ϵ ̳ʸ  ̺귯 ׷̵  
     ų  ִ.  ع α׷ ҽ ٽ ϵ,
     ̸ ϵ ο ̳ʸ  ̴.  Ȥ  ý
     libc 6 ׷̵ϴ ̰ ̷  ߴٸ Eric
     Green Glibc 2 HOWTO ϵ ϶.

  glibc  ̿ ణ ȣȯ ʴ  ִٴ Ϳ ϶.
    glibc 2.1 ϵ ̳ʸ glibc 2.0 ۵
  ʴ´ٰų  ݴ 찡   ִ.

  o  δ Makefile   ɼǿ -ansi ɼ  ʿ䰡
       ִ.  ̷ ϸ gcc  ִ ANSI ̿ Ư¡
     ȰȭŰ, ̷ Ư¡ 䱸ϴ Ű   ְ
     ȴ.  (    Sebastien Blondeel Ѵ.)

  o   α׷ root  ǵ ϱ  setuid root
     ־ Ѵ.  ̷ ϴ  rootμ chmod u+s ̸ ϴ
     ̴. (α׷   ̸ root  Ǿ ־ Ѵٴ
      ϶.)     㰡  setuid Ʈ ϴ
      Ѵ.    α׷ ̳ cd-rom ̺ 
     ý ϵ ϰų,  Ư Ǹ ķ̼ Ű
     ó ܼ 忡 SVGA ̺귯 ȣ  Ͼ.
     α׷ rootμ , Ϲ ڿԴ access denied
      ޽ ٸ  㰡  ǽغ ٶ.

     : root setuid  α׷ ýۿ   
        ִ.  ̷ α׷ root   Ǹ
      ɰ ջ ĥ   ִ.   setuid Ʈ
     ֱ  α׷  ϴ, ϴٸ ҽ 캽ν,
     Ȯϵ ϶.

  7.3.  (tweaking) ̼ (fine tuning)

   ýۿ    ɼǵ Ǿ ִ Ȯϱ
  ؼ Makefile 鿩ٺ   ִ.    -O2 ɼ
  ָ ְ  ȭ ϰ ǰ, -fomit-frame-pointer ɼ
  ( Ұϰ ) ̳ʸ  ۰  ش.  ڽ
   ϰ ִ 𸥴ٸ ̷ ͵ ǵ帮 ʵ ϶.  ׸
   쿡  ׳ ؼ  ư  Ȯ
   ϵ ϶.

  7.4.    ʿ    

   迡 ϸ,  α׷  ״  ϵǴ 
   25% .  50%  ϰ   ϸ 
   ִ.    Ű ƹ ص   ٴ
  ̴.  ׷ٰ ص,  Ű  ELF  a.out ̳ʸ
  Sunsite TSX-11 archive Ʈ ã ɼ ִ.   
  <http://redhat.com>  <http://www.debian.org>  ̴
   Ʈ κ ̸ Űȭ ̳ʸ Ǿ ִ.
  Ȥ Ʈ ڰ  Ư  ǻ͸  ϵ
  ̳ʸ    ִ.

  ̸ ϵ ̳ʸ ٸ,  ý۰ ȣȯ Ȯϱ
    ׵ ؾ Ѵ.

  o  ̳ʸ  ϵ(   x86) ۵ؾ Ѵ.

  o  ̳ʸ  Ŀΰ ȣȯǴ ̾ Ѵ.(a.out ̳ elf)

  o   ̺귯 ֽ ̾ Ѵ.

  o   ýۿ  ġ ƿƼ(rpm̳ deb) ־ Ѵ.

    õ Ѵٸ, comp.os.linux.x
  comp.os.linux.development   ׷쿡  ã 
  ִ.

  Ȥ    ưٰ ϴ, ּ  ּ
        ״ ʹ  ʿ .

  8.   ܰ

  (.bashrc .cshrc ȿ)  ȯ  ؾ ϴ, 
  .Xdefaults .Xresources  ľ ϴ ϱ  Ʈ
  Ű  о ƶ.
   α׷ ⺻     ִ.    Xfoo
    Xfoo.ad ̸̴.  ̷    ǻͿ
  µ Xfoo.ad  ؼ, Xfoo  ٲ (mv), rootμ
  /usr/lib/X11/app-defaults ͸ ġϵ Ѵ.  ̷ 
   Ʈ ̻ϰ ۵ϰų ƿ ۵ ʰ   ִ.

  κ Ʈ Ű ϳ ̻ ̸ ˵ man 
  ִ.  rootμ Xfoo.man  /usr/man, /usr/local/man,
  /usr/X11R6/man   ͸(man1 - man9) ϰ, ׿ 
  ̸ ٲپ ش.    Xfoo.man  /usr/man/man4 ξٸ,
  Xfoo.4  ̸ ľ Ѵ. (mv Xfoo.man Xfoo.4) ʿ ,
  ڰ  ⺻  man1,  man6,  Ű man8̴.
  (ڼ  man docs .)   Ѵٸ  ýۿ ̿
  ٸ   ִ.

   Ű Makefile install ɼ  ־, ̳ʸ 
   ý ͸ ġ ʴ´.  ̷ 쿡 
  /usr/bin, /usr/local/bin, /usr/X11R6/bin  ý ͸
  ̳ʸ ؼ ġ  ִ.   rootμ.   
  ⺻ ġ ʴ ̳ʸ /usr/local/bin ȴٴ 
  ο .

  κ ,   Ϻ Ȥ ΰ make install
  ڵ óȴ.  Ű  make install.man ̳ make
  install_man    ִ.  ̷ 쿡 README INSTALL Ͽ
  õǾ  ̴.

  9.  ù° : Xscrabble

  Matt Chapman Xscrabble̶ α׷  ְڴٰ
  ߴ.    ScrabbleTM  ̴.    α׷
  ٿ޾Ƽ  Ǯ, README Ͽ ִ Ʒ  ߴ.

            xmkmf
            make Makefiles
            make includes
            make

   ̷ ؼ    ƴ...

       gcc -o xscrab -O2 -O -L/usr/X11R6/lib
       init.o xinit.o misc.o moves.o cmove.o main.o xutils.o mess.o popup.o
       widgets.o display.o user.o CircPerc.o
       -lXaw -lXmu -lXExExt -lXext -lX11 -lXt -lSM -lICE -lXExExt -lXext -lX11
       -lXpm -L../Xc -lXc

       BarGraf.o(.text+0xe7): undefined reference to `XtAddConverter'
       BarGraf.o(.text+0x29a): undefined reference to `XSetClipMask'
       BarGraf.o(.text+0x2ff): undefined reference to `XSetClipRectangles'
       BarGraf.o(.text+0x375): undefined reference to `XDrawString'
       BarGraf.o(.text+0x3e7): undefined reference to `XDrawLine'
       etc.
       etc.
       etc...

   ̿  comp.os.linux.x ׷쿡 Ұ,   Xt,
  Xaw, Xmu, X11 ̺귯 ũ ܰ迡 ߰ߵ ʾ Ʋٰ
  ģϰ  ־.  ...

  Ű   ֵ Makefile ־,   src ͸ ִ
    Ǹ .  Makefile    LOCAL_LIBS  
  ϰ ־.  LOCAL_LIBS = $(XAWLIB) $(XMULIB) $(XTOOLLIB) $(XLIB)
  ũ ã  ̺귯   ־.

  LOCAL_LIBS    ãٰ,   Makefile 495 ࿡
   ߰ߴ.

             $(CCLINK) -o $@ $(LDOPTIONS) $(OBJS) $(LOCAL_LIBS) $(LDLIBS)
       $(EXTRA_LOAD_FLAGS)

    LDLIBS ̾?

             LDLIBS = $(LDPOSTLIB) $(THREADS_LIBS) $(SYS_LIBRARIES)
       $(EXTRA_LIBRARIES)

  SYS_LIBRARIES   Ҵ.

        SYS_LIBRARIES = -lXpm -L../Xc -lXc

  ׷!   ã   ̺귯 ־.

  Ŀ LOCAL_LIBS  LDLIBS ƾ ϴ  ɼ ־.
   ó õ   495  $(LOCAL_LIBS) $(LDLIBS)
  ٲ㼭 Ʒ  ϴ ̾.

               $(CCLINK) -o $@ $(LDOPTIONS) $(OBJS) $(LDLIBS) $(LOCAL_LIBS)
       $(EXTRA_LOAD_FLAGS)                          ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

     ٲ㼭 ٽ make غҰ, ̹ 
  Ǿ.   Xscrabble  ͸ ̸ ٲ۴ٰų ҽ
    ϳ ִ   ּ óϴ ,  
   ʿ,  Ű     ̰ ־.

  [  Xscrabble  rpm    , 
  ġȴ.]

  Xscrabble  Matt Chapman
  <mailto:matt@belgarath.demon.co.uk> e-mail ϰų,  Ȩ
   <http://www.belgarath.demon.co.uk/programs/index.html>
  ٿ  ִ.

              Scrabble Milton Bradley Co., Inc. ϵ ǥ̴.

  10.  ι° : Xloadimage

     ù° .  xloadimage α׷  ׷ 
   ߰ϸ ڴٰ ߴ.   xloadi41.gz  Mui
  Quercia  ``X User Tools'' Ǹ å η CD ִ ҽ
  ͸  ߴ.   , tar xzvf  Ǯ 
  ־.   make  ̴   ߴܵǾ ȴ.

       gcc -c -O -fstrength-reduce -finline-functions -fforce-mem
       -fforce-addr -DSYSV  -I/usr/X11R6/include
       -DSYSPATHFILE=\"/usr/lib/X11/Xloadimage\" mcidas.c

       In file included from /usr/include/stdlib.h:32,
                        from image.h:23,
                        from xloadimage.h:15,
                        from mcidas.c:7:
       /usr/lib/gcc-lib/i486-linux/2.6.3/include/stddef.h:215:
       conflicting types for `wchar_t'
       /usr/X11R6/include/X11/Xlib.h:74: previous declaration of
       `wchar_t'
       make[1]: *** [mcidas.o] Error 1
       make[1]: Leaving directory
       `/home/thegrendel/tst/xloadimage.4.1'
       make: *** [default] Error 2

   ޽  ܼ ִ.

  image.h  23°  ...

              #include <stdlib.h>

  Aha, xloadimage ҽ 򰡿 wchar_t ǥ include 
  stdlib.h ǵ  ٽ ǵǾ.   stdlib.h Խų
  ʿ䰡   ϹǷ image.h 23°  ּ  .

   ġ  ƹ ġ   ȴ.  xloadimage
  Ű  Ȯ ۵ϰ ִ.

  11.  ° : Fortune

    C α׷ֿ    ʿϴ.  н 
  Ʈ  κ C  Ƿ, Ʈ ġ ؼ
   ̶ ּ  C δ  .
  Ǹ fortune α׷    "fortune cookie"
  Ҹ ִ ݾ ش.  ϰԵ(unfortunately, 
  ϴ Ŵ), 2.0.30 Ŀ ϴ   ǿ fortune
  Ϸ ϸ ɰ  .

       ~/fortune# make all

       gcc -O2 -Wall -fomit-frame-pointer -pipe   -c fortune.c -o
       fortune.o
       fortune.c: In function `add_dir':
       fortune.c:551: structure has no member named `d_namlen'
       fortune.c:553: structure has no member named `d_namlen'
       make[1]: *** [fortune.o] Error 1
       make[1]: Leaving directory `/home/thegrendel/for/fortune/fortune'
       make: *** [fortune-bin] Error 2

  fortune.c 캸, شǴ   .

          if (dirent->d_namlen == 0)
                   continue;
               name = copy(dirent->d_name, dirent->d_namlen);

  츮 dirent ü ãƾ ,  ü fortune.c ȿ
  Ǿ  , grep dirent غ ٸ ҽ ϵ鿡 ã
   .  , fortune.c      ִ.

       #include <dirent.h>

  ̰ ý ̺귯 include Ϸ ̹Ƿ, dirent.h ã
   ġ /usr/include .   /usr/include dirent.h
   ,   dirent ü Ǹ ϰ  ʴ.
      Ǵٸ dirent.h  ϰ ִ.

       #include <linux/dirent.h>

  ħ, /usr/include/linux/dirent.h, ٶ ü  ãҴ.

  struct dirent {
          long            d_ino;
          __kernel_off_t  d_off;
          unsigned short  d_reclen;
          char            d_name[256]; /* We must not include limits.h! */
  };

    ü  d_namelen  ϰ  , ׿ ش
   "ĺ"   ִ.   ׷    d_reclenε, 
  ü  ΰ ̸ Ÿ    short integer
  ̱ ̴.   ϳ ɼ, d_inoε  ̸ ڷ
   inode ȣ  .  츮 Ƹ "directory entry" ü
  ٷ ִ  ϴ.   ҵ  Ӽ,  ̸, inode,
  ( ) Ÿ ̴.  ̰͵ (d_reclen  d_ino  )
  츮  Ȯ ִ  δ.

  fortune.c  ؼ, 551°ٰ 553° d_namelen  
  d_reclen   ġ .  ٽ make all   .
  ̴.    ϵǾ.  츮  fortuneκ 
      ִ.

  12.  ׹° : Hearts

  ̹ 80뿡 Bob Ankeney н ý  ۼ߰,
  1992⿡ Mike Yang ,  Jonathan Badger
  <mailto:badger@phylo.life.uiuc.edu> ϰ ִ â 
   Hearts.    Oregon Ʈ Don Backus  ξ
    ĽĮ α׷ ߿  Jeff Hemmerling ߴ.
     Ŭ̾Ʈ ο  , ǻ͸  
    嵵 ϴ.  õ  ϰ ǻ 밡 
   , ׷ Ǹϴ.  н   
  μ ģ Hearts  ۿ   ϴ.

   ̿  ,  Ű Ư  ýۿ ġϱ
  ƴ.  ġ ؼ  ġ Ϸ  Ǯ Ѵ.  
   γ  Ʒ̶   ִ.

  ϱ , motif  lesstif ̺귯 ġǾ ִ
  Ȯϵ ϶.

  o

  xmkmf

  make

       client.c: In function `read_card':
       client.c:430: `_tty' undeclared (first use in this function)
       client.c:430: (Each undeclared identifier is reported only once
       client.c:430: for each function it appears in.)
       client.c: In function `scan':
       client.c:685: `_tty' undeclared (first use in this function)
       make: *** [client.o] Error 1

  client.c  ִ.

       #ifndef SYSV
               (buf[2] != _tty.sg_erase) && (buf[2] != _tty.sg_kill)) {
        #else
               (buf[2] != CERASE) && (buf[2] != CKILL)) {
       #endif

  o

  client.c 39° ٿ

       #define SYSV

   Ѵ.  ̷ ϸ _tty  Ѵ.

  make

       client.c:41: sys/termio.h: No such file or directory
       make: *** [client.o] Error 1

  o

   ýۿ termio.h  /usr/include  ִ.   
  н /usr/include/sys ִ.  , clinet.c 41° 

       #include <sys/termio.h>

  

       #include <termio.h>

   ٲ۴.

  make

  gcc -o hearts -g      -L/usr/X11R6/lib client.o hearts.o select.o connect.o
  sockio.o start_dist.o  -lcurses -ltermlib
  /usr/bin/ld: cannot open -ltermlib: No such file or directory
  collect2: ld returned 1 exit status
  make: *** [hearts] Error 1

  o

      termlib ͺ̽ ٴ terminfo
  termcap Ѵ.

  Makefile 655° ,

       CURSES_LIBRARIES = -lcurses -ltermlib

  

       CURSES_LIBRARIES = -lcurses -ltermcap

   ٲ۴.

  make

       gcc -o xmhearts -g      -L/usr/X11R6/lib xmclient.o hearts.o select.o
       connect.o sockio.o start_dist.o gfx.o  -lXm_s -lXt -lSM -lICE -lXext -lX11
       -lPW
       /usr/bin/ld: cannot open -lXm_s: No such file or directory
       collect2: ld returned 1 exit status

  o

  lesstif  ̺귯 libXm_s ƴ϶ libXm̴.  
  Makefile ģ.

  653° :

       XMLIB = -lXm_s $(XTOOLLIB) $(XLIB) -lPW

    Ѵ.

       XMLIB = -lXm $(XTOOLLIB) $(XLIB) -lPW

  make

       gcc -o xmhearts -g      -L/usr/X11R6/lib xmclient.o hearts.o select.o
       connect.o sockio.o start_dist.o gfx.o  -lXm -lXt -lSM -lICE -lXext -lX11 -lPW
       /usr/bin/ld: cannot open -lPW: No such file or directory
       collect2: ld returned 1 exit status
       make: *** [xmhearts] Error 1

  o

   ϴ ǽ غ

  PW̺귯 .  Makefile ģ.

  653° ,

       XMLIB = -lXm $(XTOOLLIB) $(XLIB) -lPW

     Ѵ.

       XMLIB = -lXm $(XTOOLLIB) $(XLIB) -lPEX5

  (The PEX5 lib comes closest to PW.)

  make

       rm -f xmhearts
       gcc -o xmhearts -g      -L/usr/X11R6/lib xmclient.o hearts.o select.o
       connect.o sockio.o start_dist.o gfx.o  -lXm -lXt -lSM -lICE -lXext -lX11 -lPEX5

   make ߴ. (!)

  o

  ġ:

  rootμ   Ѵ.

       [root@localhost hearts]# make install
       install -c -s  hearts /usr/X11R6/bin/hearts
       install -c -s  xmhearts /usr/X11R6/bin/xmhearts
       install -c -s  xawhearts /usr/X11R6/bin/xawhearts
       install in . done

  o

   .

  rehash

  (츮 tcsh   ִ.)

  xmhearts

       localhost:~/% xmhearts
       Can't invoke distributor!

  o

  heats Ű README Ͽ    ִ.

            heartsd, hearts_dist hearts.instr local.h ǵ HEARTSLIB ͸
            ȿ ΰ,  ϵ鿡    ֵ ϶.

  local.h  :

       /* where the distributor, dealer and instructions live */

       #define HEARTSLIB "/usr/local/lib/hearts"

  ̰ RTFM  .

  rootμ   Ѵ.

  cd /usr/local/lib

  mkdir hearts

  cd !$

  ġ ϵ  ͸ Ѵ.

  cp /home/username/hearts/heartsd .

  cp /home/username/hearts/hearts_dist .

  cp /home/username/hearts/hearts.instr .

  o

  ٽ    .

  xmhearts

  ѵ ưٰ dealer died!  ޽  ״´.

  o

  "distributor" "dealer" ϵ Ʈ (scan)Ѵ.  
  츮  α׷ root  ʿ ϴ ǽؾ Ѵ.

  rootμ   غ,

  chmod u+s /usr/local/lib/heartsd

  chmod u+s /usr/local/lib/hearts_dist

  (ռ ̾߱ߵ, suid ̳ʸ     
  ִٴ Ϳ ϶.)

  xmhearts

   ư!

  Hearts Ʈ   ִ.

  13.  ټ° : XmDipmon

  Bullwinkle: Hey Rocky, watch me pull a rabbit out of my hat.
  Rocky:      But that trick never works.
  Bullwinkle: This time for sure.
              Presto!
              Well, I'm gettin' close.
  Rocky:      And now it's time for another special feature.
              --- "Rocky and His Friends"

  XmDipmon  ͳ  ¸ ִ ư ǥϴ ۰ ִ
   α׷̴.   ȭ    ϴµ,
  ׷ 쿡 ¦Ÿ鼭  .  , XmDipmon dip
   ۵ϴµ, ̶ ͳ ῡ chat  κ
  鿡Դ  .

  XmDipmon  ϴ   ƴϴ.  XmDipmon Motif
  ̺귯 ũǾ , Lesstif͵  ϵǰ  ȴ.
  ̹  chat   ۵ǵ Ű ġ ̴.  
  ۾  ҽ ڵ带 ϴ ͱ ϰ , 
  α׷ֿ     ʿϴ.

                "Ǹ, xmdipmon  /etc/dip.pid   ȮѴ. (-pidfile 
                 ڸ Ἥ ٸ  ã   ִ.)    dip
                 PID  ϰ ִ. (dip  ϴ  ̷ ڽ
                  ȯѴ.)"
                              --- XmDipmon README Ϸκ ο.

  -pidfile ɼ ־ ϸ, XmDipmon chat α 
   ϴ ٸ  Ȯϵ   ִ.   ĺ
   lock ̴.   xmdipmon -pidfile /var/lock/LCK..ttyS3
   α׷  .  (   4 com Ʈ, 
  ttyS3 ִٰ  ̴.)   ̰  Ϻθ Ǭ 
  ̴.  α׷  dip  ϸ,  츮 dip 
   chat ppp õ μ ϵ ٲ Ѵ.

  ҽ  ϳ ۿ ,  ּ  ޷ִ.
  xmdipmon.c  ,  Ʒ  Ǿ ִ getProcFile
  Լ ã  ִ.

       /*****
       * Name:                 getProcFile
       * Return Type:  Boolean
       * Description:  tries to open the /proc entry as read from the dip pid file.
       <snip>
       *****/

   ܼ.  Լ θ ãƺ.

                               /* we watch the status of the real dip deamon */
                               sprintf(buf, "/proc/%i/status", pid);
                               procfile = (String)XtMalloc(strlen(buf)*sizeof(char)+1);
                               strcpy(procfile, buf);
                               procfile[strlen(buf)] = '\0';

   2383° ̴.

                               sprintf(buf, "/proc/%i/status", pid);
                                             ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

   Լ dip  μ ǰ ִ ˻ϴ ̴.
  ׷,  pppd  ϵ Ϸ  κ  ġ
  ɱ?

  pppd   .

       FILES
              /var/run/pppn.pid (BSD or Linux), /etc/ppp/pppn.pid (others)
                            Process-ID for pppd process on ppp interface unit n.

  xmdipmon.c 2383°  Ʒ  ġ.

                               sprintf(buf, "/var/run/ppp0.pid" );

  ģ Ű ٽ .   ϵȴ.   ο
   ڸ Ἥ  .  Ƹ ϰ   ̴.
  ͳ  (ISP) ppp  ̷   ۰ Ķ
  ư ǥõǰ,   ¦Ÿ鼭  .  
  츮 Ϻϰ ۵ϴ chat ͸  Ǿ.

  XmDipmon Ripley Linux Tools ٿ  ִ.

  14.  ҽ  ã  ִ 

   ýۿ ƿƼ ٸ α׷ ߰ϱ   
    ʹٸ,  ҽ  Linux Applications and Utilities Page
  <http://www.redhat.com/linux-info/linux-app-list/linapps.html>̳ Red
  Hat <http://www.redhat.com/>, InfoMagic <http://www.infomagic.com>,
  Linux Systems Labs <http://www.lsl.com>, Cheap Bytes
  <http://www.cheapbytes.com>  ſ   õ ؼ
    ִ.

  ҽ ڵ带    δ comp sources UNIX archive ִ.

   н ҽ ڵ alt.sources ׷쿡 Ǿ ִ.
  Ư Ű ҽ ڵ带 ã ִٸ, õ alt.sources.wanted
  ׷쿡 Խù ø ȴ.  comp.os.linux.announce ׷쵵
  Ȯ   ̴.  Unix sources ϸ Ʈ Ϸ,
  subscribe ޽  ϶.

  alt.sources ׷ Խù   ftp Ʈ ִ.

  o  ftp.sterling.com/usenet/alt.sources/

  o  wuarchive.wustl.edu/usenet/alt.sources/articles

  o  src.doc.ic.ac.uk/usenet/alt.sources/articles

  15.   ̾߱

   ,   ̸  ̴. (׸   
  δ  Ʋ  ȴ.)    ׷, Ǽκ
     ߿ϴ.   Ǽ,  а Ʈ ġ
    Ǳ  ʿ    ̴.

  16.      

  BORLAND C++ TOOLS AND UTILITIES GUIDE, Borland International, 1992, pp. 9-42.
  [ C++ 3.1  Բ  Ŵ  ϳ.    ̷
    C++ ̿Ͽ, (syntax)  ۼ  
   Ұ Ѵ.]

  DuBois, Paul: SOFTWARE PORTABILITY WITH IMAKE, O'Reilly and Associates,
  1996, ISBN 1-56592-226-3.
  [   ϼϵ о  , imake ۷ ̶
  ̴.]

  Frisch, Aeleen: ESSENTIAL SYSTEM ADMINISTRATION (2nd ed.), O'Reilly and
  Associates, 1995, ISBN 1-56592-127-5.
  [ Ź ý  ڵ, Ʈ ġ ؼ 
  ġ   ٷ ִ.]

  Hekman, Jessica: LINUX IN A NUTSHELL, O'Reilly and Associates, 1997, ISBN
  1-56592-167-4.
  [ ɾ ݿ  Ǹ ۷.]

  Lehey, Greg: PORTING UNIX SOFTWARE, O'Reilly and Associates, 1995, ISBN
  1-56592-126-7.

  Mayer, Herbert G.: ADVANCED C PROGRAMMING ON THE IBM PC, Windcrest Books,
  1989, ISBN 0-8306-9363-7.
  [ C α׷Ӷ ﰢ   ִ ̵  å.  ˰
   Ź ؼ, α׷   ǳ, .  Ÿ ̴.]

  Mui, Linda and Valerie Quercia: X USER TOOLS, O'Reilly and Associates,
  1994, ISBN 1-56592-019-8, pp. 734-760.

  Oram, Andrew and Steve Talbott: MANAGING PROJECTS WITH MAKE, O'Reilly
  and Associates, 1991, ISBN 0-937175-90-0.

  Peek, Jerry and Tim O'Reilly and Mike Loukides: UNIX POWER TOOLS,
  O'Reilly and Associates / Random House, 1997, ISBN 1-56592-260-3.
  [ȯ ̵ õ.  ׸  ۿ   Ἥ ҽ ڵκ
  ġ  ִ ƿƼ ܶ ִ.]

  Stallman, Richard M. and Roland McGrath: GNU MAKE, Free Software
  Foundation, 1995, ISBN 1-882114-78-7.
  [е 䱸Ǵ .]

  Waite, Mitchell, Stephen Prata, and Donald Martin: C PRIMER PLUS, Waite Group
  Press, ISBN 0-672-22090-3,.
  [Ƹ C α׷ֿ  ְ Թ.  ʺڸ  ڼ ؼ.  ο
  ǵ    ִ.]

  Welsh, Matt and Lar Kaufman: RUNNING LINUX, O'Reilly and Associates,
  1996, ISBN 1-56592-151-8.
  [ о߿ ̰ ,   ݿ  ְ ۷.]

  dpkg, gcc, gzip, imake, ldconfig, ldd, make, nm, patch,
  rpm, shar, strip, tar, termcap, terminfo, xmkmf  .

  David Fetter BZIP2 HOWTO.

  Eric Green Glibc2 HOWTO.

  Daniel Barlow LINUX ELF HOWTO.

  Donnie Barnes RPM HOWTO.

  Matthew Borowski StarOffice miniHOWTO.

  [ HOWTO  ý /usr/doc/HOWTO /usr/doc/HOWTO/mini
  ͸  ̴.  ؽƮ, HTML, SGML    LDP
  Ʈ <http://metalab.unc.edu/LDP/HOWTO>  ش  Ȩ 
    ִ.]

  17.   

   HOWTO  ڴ Ʒ   Ȱ , ݷ 
  Ѵ.

  o  R. Brock Lynn

  o  Michael Jenner

  o  Fabrizio Stefani

   HOWTO  Żƾ Ϻ   ģ鿡Ե  
  .

  ׸  Linux Documentation Project
  <http://metalab.unc.edu/LDP/> Greg Hankins  Tim Bynum Ե
    ູ .  LDP    ϰ ߱
  ̴.

