   Ʈ Ȱ Ͽ (The Linux Printing Usage HOWTO)

  by Mark Komarinski <markk@auratek.com> ⼺ <nowlinux@soback.kor
  net.nm.kr>
  v1.2, 10 September 1996

  1.  Ұ(Introduction)

   (Linux Printing Usage HOWTO) (Linux) ϴ "line
  printer spooling system" (usage) ؼ ϸ, Linux
  Printing Setup HOWTO -  printing system ġ  ȯ漳
  ؼ Ѵ -  Ѵ.    ڷ LinuxӸ
  ƴ϶ BSD ü   Ȱ뿡 ־ ߿ϴ.

  1.1.  Linux Printing HOWTO 

  Mark Komarinski <markk@auratek.com> ϱ⸦:

   HOWTO ٽ ۼϴ ۾     Matt Foster
  Ѵ.  Ÿ ϵ ü (update) ʿ䰡
  ִٸ ߰ ̴.

  Matt Foster <mwf@engr.uark.edu> ̾߱ϱ⸦:

  Linux Printing HOWTO ̹ǿ Grant Taylor <grant@god.tufts.edu>
   Brian McCauley <B.A.McCauley@bham.ac.uk>   
  ۼߴ. Grant Brian HOWTO ٷ   ϵ
  õ ϰ ǥİ () ٷ   ٲ.
  ̷ ν HOWTO   Ϻϰ ϸ    
  ̶ Ѵ.   Ǹ ٶ ̴.

  1.2.  Version History(ǿø )

  v1.2

  o   (Windows Printers)  ׸ ߰

  o   ִũ (Changing max size of print files)

     v1.11

  o  ο maintainer!

  o  lpc  ߰

  o  ذ    ߰

  o  ׷  ¿ ؼ  !

  v1.1

  o  Ϻ  ǥ ħ

  o  PS(PostScript)¿  ܶ(section) ߰

  o    Ϻ ǹ̸ Ȯϰ ϵ õ.8-)

  o  Linux ⺻ Ʈ ƿƼ  Ǹ 

  v1.0

  o  Linux Printing Usage HOWTO  ʹ

  1.3.  ۱ǰ ϻǥ(Copyrights and Trademarks)

   ޵Ǵ   Ī Ư̳ ȸ ϻǥ Ǵ
  ۱ ϵ ûǴ ̴. ̵  ̸ Ǵ
  Ӹ (initial caps) ߿ 巯.

  (c) 1995 Matt Foster (mwf@engr.uark.edu)

  (c) 1996 Mark F. Komarinski (markk@auratek.com)

   , ĻǴ ۹, Ǵ   HOWTO  սŲ
   ۹ ̷ ۱ǿ  ø  Ѵ.

  ,  HOWTO Ļ(derivative) ۾ - : 㰡
  , ǥ,   -  ؼ ȵǸ, HOWTO 
   ġ(restrictions)   . ̷  
  ܻ Ư Ȳ 㰡ȴ:  Linux HOWTO
  coordinator ּҸ ã ϱ ٶ.

   ؼ,   θ ؼ ̷  (HOWTO
  ) Ȱȭ Ǳ⸦ ٶ. ׷, HOWTO ۱ Ǳ
  ٶ, Ҷ 뺸ޱ⸦ Ѵ.

   ִٸ  HOWTO-coordinator Greg Hankins ϱ
  ٶ <gregh@sunsite.unc.edu>.  E-mailּҸ finger 캸
  ȭȣ ǿ õ ΰ     ̴.

  1.4.  Printing HOWTO  ޱ

    Ϸ PostScript( PS)  Ѵ. PS 
    ٸ , б⵵ ϴ. PS  HOWTO
  Ʈ(SunSITE ``'')    Ʈ   ִ.

  1.5.  ǰ(Feedback)

     , ,  <markk@auratek.com> 
  ٶ.

  1.6.  (Acknowledgments)

      дµ ð Ҿ  ο 帰.
   Ȱ 򰡰  Ǿ---̹    ǰ
  Ϻΰ ݿǾ    ̴.

    ʷ ۼ Matt Foster ϰ ʹ.

  2.   ȯ濡 

   (section)  , Ʈť(queue) , Ʈ
  ť () ۾(job) ,  ϱ  
   ȯϱ, Ʈ ȯ漳 ؼ Ѵ.

  2.1.   ȯ濡  õ(History of Linux Printing)

    ý---lp(Line Printer) ý--- BSD(Berkeley
  Software Distribution) н(UNIX) ؼ ۼ ҽڵ带
  (porting) ̴.

  2.2.  lpr ̿  (Printing a File Using lpr)

    ϴ     Ʈ
  ̽(print device) ٷ  (redirection)̴. ̷ ϱ
  ؼ cat ɾ ̿  ִ. root   ¿ 
   ϸ ȴ.

       # cat thesis.txt > /dev/lp

   , /dev/lp  Ʈ ۾ ϴ ̽---Ʈ
  , , ŸԼ(typesetter) Ǵ ÷ ---  ɺ
  ũ(symbolic link)ϻ̴. ɺ ũ ؼ ڼ  ϸ
  ln(1)  ϶.

  ȹ  root print (daemon) ϵ ׷ ڸ
   ̽    ϴ. ׷  ͸
  ϱ ؼ lpr, lprm, lpq ؾ Ѵ.

  ̷ , ڴ  ϱ ؼ lpr ̿ؾ Ѵ.
  lpr  ؼ ʿ  ʱȭ   
   lpd(line printer daemon) Ѱ ش.  lpd Ϳ 
   ϴ   Ѵ.

  lpr Ǹ鼭 lpd ۾ ĥ   (ϵ) 
   ϰ ֵ Ư 丮(Ǯ 丮) ش
  Ѵ. ϴ lpd   ִٰ 뺸 ڽ ڽ
  Ѵ.(α׷ӵ forking̶ ϴ ̴)  纻
    䱸 ٸ  ش Ѵ. ̷
  ν ÿ  ۾ ų  ִ.

  lpd (lpd(1)  )  ϴ.

       $ lpr [ options ] [ filename ... ]

  ϸ  ʴ , lpr ǥԷ(standard input) (밳
  Ű Է̰ų ٸ α׷ ǥ̴)  Է¹ޱ⸦
  ٸ.  ̰ ڰ ٸ α׷ ǥ
  (redirect)Ͽ  Ǯ (print spooler) ϴ 
     Ѵ.

       $ cat thesis.txt | lpr

  Ǵ,

       $ pr -l60 thesis.txt | lpr

  ڴ   ɼ ̿Ͽ lpr ۵   ִ.
   θ ̴ ɼδ  .  -P̸  
  ͸ Ѵ. -h  burst page  ʵ Ѵ.(:
  suppresses printing of the burst page) -s  ϸ  
  Ǯ 丮 ϴ   ɺ ũ(symbolic link) Ѵ.
  (ũⰡ ū ½ ϴ) -# ̿ؼ   
    ִ. lpr ȣۿ뿡    .

       $ lpr -#2 -sP dj thesis.txt

    thesis.txt Ǯ 丮 ɺũϸ dj  ̸
   () ͷ ϴµ, ̴ lpd ؼ óȴ. ׷
   thesis.txt 徿 Ѵ.

  lpr 밡  ɼ  ؼ lpr(1) 
  ϶.

  2.3.  lpq ̿ Ʈť (Print Queue with lpq)

  Ʈť(print queue) θ  ؼ lpq ɾ ̿Ѵ.
  ɼǾ Ű ⺻(default) ť  ش.

  lpq ִ    鿡 ϴ.

       $ lpq
       lp is ready and printing
       Rank   Owner      Job  Files                            Total Size
       active mwf        31   thesis.txt                       682048 bytes

  2.4.  (Canceling a Print Job Using lprm) lprm ̿  ۾
  

  Ʈ ý   Ʈť ִ Ʈ ۾
    ִ ɵ ִ. ̸ ؼ lprm ̿Ѵ.

       $ lprm -

     ڿ (owned)  Ʈ ۾
  ҵȴ.   Ʈ ۾ lprm lpq ˷ִ ۾ȣ
  Ͽ ҽų ִ.   ϶.

       $ lprm 31

  ۾ȣ 31(thesis.txt) ҽŲ.

  2.5.  lpc ̿ lpd (Controlling the lpd program with lpc)

  lpc(8) lpd óϴ ͸ ϱ  ȴ.   Ǵ
  Ʈ ť Ȱȭ Ǵ Ȱȭų  , Ʈť 
  ۾  迭  , Ϳ Ʈť Ȳ 
   ޾   ִ. lpc    ڽ  Ͱ
  Ǿ ִ 쿡  ȴ.

       $ lpc

    lpc α׷ Ų. ⺻(default) ؼ
  ȣ ȭ(interactive mode) Ǹ,   ɾ  
  ִ.   ۿ  ɼ lpc ɾ   ִ.

       $ lpc status all

  lpd  밡 ɾ    ,  ۿ
      ٽ  ִ. option ǥõ κп
   ̸(lp, print, ps, Ÿ)̳  ͸ ǹϴ Ű
  all Էϸ ȴ.

  o  disable option -  Ϳ ο  ۾  
      Ѵ.

  o  down option -  ͸    Ѵ.

  o  enable option - ο  ۾ ϰ Ѵ.

  o  quit (or exit) - lpc  ´.

  o  restart option -  Ϳ ؼ lpd ٽ ϰ Ѵ.

  o  status option -  ()  

  o  up option -  ȯ Ȱȭ(enable)Ű, ο lpd 
     Ų.

  3.    ٸ ͵(Miscellaneous Items)

   忡  ȯ濡 Ʈ ۾ ϱ ؼ   
    ٷ.

  3.1.  ϱ   (Formatting Before Printing)

  κ ƽŰ ؽƮ  ¿   Ǿ 
  ϹǷ ͷ ϱ⿡ ռ ش   Ե
  (format)ϴ  . ̷ ϴ  ǥ(Title) ʼ(page
  number), (margin) 鿩, double spacing, 
  ÷(column)  ϴ   ϰ ȴ. ̸ ؼ
  Ϲ pr   ó(print preprocessor) Ѵ.
       $ pr +4 -d -h"Ph.D. Thesis, 2nd Draft" -l60 thesis.txt | lpr

    pr ̿Ͽ thesis.txt  óѴ.  ó
  3 ѱ (+4),   ̸ 60ٷ Ѵ(-l60).
  ¹  ̽ ְ(-d), "Ph.D. Thesis, 2nd Draft"
      ٿ  μѴ(-h). lpr pr ǥ
  ޾ Ʈ ť  Ų. pr   ڷḦ 
  Ŵ   .

  3.2.   ȯ溯(THE PRINTER Environment Variables)

   ½ýۿ lpr -P ɼ Ѵ.  ɼ ̿Ͽ
  ڵ ش ¹  ͸   ִ. ڵ
   ͸  ʾҴٸ ⺻(default) 
  ͸  ġ Ѵ.

  Ź   ͸ ϴ   PRINTER ȯ溯 ̿
  Ͽ ϱ ϴ  ̸   ִ. 
  (shell)   ٸ. bash ڶ   ϸ
  ȴ.

       $ PRINTER="printer_name"; export PRINTER

  csh cshڶ   ϶,

       % setenv PRINTER "printer_name"

   ɾ α ũƮ(bash .profile̸ csh
  .cshrc) Ͽ ϰų ࿡ ٷ   ִ.
  ȯ溯  ڼ   ؼ bash(1) csh(1)
   ϶.

  3.3.  ׷ (Printing graphics files)

  ׷ ϱ ؼ ¿  Ϳ ȯؼ 
     ߿ϴ. Ʈ Ʈ(Dot-matrix) ׷
  óϴ    Ʈ ʹ  ʱ Ѵ.(^^;)
    ּ    ִ Ͱ Epson̳ IBM
  ProPrinter ȣȯ  ִ° 캻 , ش ׷
  ƮũƮ Ϸ ȯѴ.  ׸ ghostscript( 忡
  ٷ) ̿Ͽ  (ƮũƮ ٲ )  
  ִ.

    ͸  ִٸ  ǰ PCL ȣȯǹǷ
    ϴ.    ɼ   ִ. Ϻ
  α׷ PCL  ͸ ġ ʰ Ѵ. ׷ ʴٸ
  NetPBM α׷ ̿Ͽ PCL ٲ Ѵ.  ɼ
  ghostscript( ) ϴ ̴.

   ּ  NetPBM Ghostscript  Ű ġ 
  ׷ ڵ ó ִ  (magic filter) α׷
  ġϴ ̴.

  3.4.  ƮũƮ  (Printing PostScript files)

  PS ͸  (:  PS  Ͷ
  Ѵ.)   PS  ϴ  ϴ; ׳ lpr ̿ϸ
  ȴ.  ׷ Ͱ  ϴ    ó  ̴.
  PS ó  Ͱ  κ  ٸ 
  ؾ Ѵ.  PS óϿ PS Ͱ ƴ ϹͰ
    ִ   ִ α׷ ִ. ̷ α׷
      Ghostscript ̴.

  Ghostscript( GS) PS  ϹͰ   ִ
  ɾ  ٲ۴. PS Ϸ    ؾ 
  ̴.

       $ gs -dSAFER -dNOPAUSE -sDEVICE=deskjet -sOutputFile=|lpr thesis.ps

    -sOutputFile̶ ɼ ̿Ͽ GS  ¹
   Ѽ lpr ɾ .

  Ghostview GS X  ̽  ̴. Ghostview
  ̿Ͽ PS  ϱ  ̸ 캼  ִ. GS Ghostview
   ``''   ִ.

  3.5.  PDF  (Printing PDF files)

  Adobe PDF(Portable Document Format)  α׷ ,
  PS   ִ xpdf α׷ ִ.

  3.6.    (Printing TeX files)

         PSϷ ٲ  GS ϴ
  ̴.      ҽ(.tex) DVI(Device-
  Independent ǹ)Ϸ ٲ۴. tex ɾ Ŵ (1) 
  ȴ.  ׷  dvips ̿ؼ DVI PS ȯѴ. ̻ 
   Ʒ İ     ̴.

       $ tex thesis.tex
       $ dvips thesis.dvi

  ̷ ϸ 3.4      PS 
  غ  ̴.

  3.7.  troff  (Printing troff formatted files)

  $ groff -Tascii thesis.tr | lpr

  Ǵ

       $ groff thesis.tr > thesis.ps

   PS Ѵ.

  3.8.  Ŵ  (Printing man pages)

       $ man man | col -b | lpr

   troff ó ̴. ׷Ƿ highlighting̳
  (underlines) ȿ ־ Ѵ. 'col' α׷  
  ְ ó ش. ׸ ڷḦ    man
  α׷ more  ʴ´.

  4.  FAQ(Answers to Frequently Asked Questions)

  Q1.  (staircase effect) ַ  ؾ ϴ°?

  A1.   Ϻ Ϳ  ῡ  ó 
  ߻Ѵ.  ̵ Ϳ н ý LF  ƴ 
  Ÿ CR/LF   ϱ Ѵ.   ذϴ
   ս δ,  ϵ  Ͱ ΰ ŸϿ
  ȯѰ ˾  ̴.  ġ ̿ϰų  
  ۾ ó escape sequence  ̴.  
  ̿Ϸ ͸ ؾ Ѵ.(Q2 Foster95b ϶.)

    ࿡ ͸   ִ.   .

       $ cat thesis.txt | todos | lpr

  Q2.  (filter) ΰ?

  A2.  ʹ ǥԷ(stdin) о 뿡   ó 
  ģ  ǥ(stdout)   . ʹ ؽƮ 
  ó  Ͽ پϰ ȴ.

  Q3.   (magic filter) ΰ?

  A3.  ʹ ش    ó ϴ ͸
  ǹ Ѵ.   Ϲ ؽƮ ̶ Ϲ  ؼ
  Ѵ.  PS̳ Ÿ ٸ  ̶  (
  Ghostscript) ̿ؼ Ѵ. ̷   ǥ 
  APSfilter magicfilter ִ. ̵ ͸     ش
   α׷ ġϱ⿡ ռ ˸ α׷ ġǾ ־
  Ѵٴ ̴.

  Ͱ ġ , Ưα׷(  GS -  α׷
  ã´ٸ ʹ GS PS ڷḦ ó  ִٴ  ˰ ִ)
  ã ؼ  ý ˻  ġȴ.   ϱ
  ؼ,   α׷  ־ Ѵ.

  o  GhostScript

  o  TeX

  o  NetPBM

  o  jpeg ƿƼ

  o  gzip

  Q4.    ý Ѱ?  ۵ϴ°?

  A4.   ٸ ׷. WPS(Window Printing System) ɸ ϴ
  ʹ  ۵  ̴. WPS ٸ  ޾Ƶ̴
  ǰ(  ĳ BJC 610) WPS ǰ ƴ ٸ  Ǿ
  ִ   ۵ ̴.

  Q5.  6 ̻   ų "file too large" ޽
  ߴ.

  A5.  /etc/printcap ɼ߿  ִ ũ  õ
  ɼ ִ.  ⺻ 1000 ̴ (500K ?).   PS 
    ׷Ȱ  ؼ 6-8  з̴. ͸
  ϴ κп   ߰϶.

       mx=0

  ̷  ִ밪 ó 1000  Ǿ ִ 
  Ǯ Ƽ  ä  츦 ϱ ؼ̴. lpr
     Ǯ丮 ɺ ũϴ  ,
  ׷ ϱ ؼ lpr   -s ɼ ߰ؾ Ѵ.

  5.  ذ(Troubleshooting)

   忡  ýۿ ߻ Ϲ  ؼ ٷ
  ִ.

  Ͱ  ۵  ʴ´ٸ:

  o  ٸ Ʈ ۾ ΰ? (α׷)

  o  lpd ΰ? (lpc ̿Ͽ Ȯ϶) ( α׷)

  o  root  ̽ (directly) 𰡸   ִ°?
     ( )

  o     ִ°? (̺̳  ??)

     ̻    ؼ    ã  ִ.  
     忡   <markk@auratek.com>  ֱ ٶ.

  6.   ڷ(References)

   忡   ýۿ   ڷῡ ؼ Ѵ.
   (HOWTO)  ڷῡ  ܶ(section) ϵ
  õߴ.  Ʒ ߿ ڷᰡ  ִٸ,  
  ڿ ϱ ٶ.

  USENET  ø   Ȯ϶.

  o  Ͱ ۾   ִ°? (lpc(8) ˻϶)

  o  ϴ ش   Printing Setup HOWTO ִ°?

   ΰ  ϳ شѴٸ  ø    ϰ
  ϱ ٶ. ׸, ׷쿡  øٸ õ  Բ
  ־ ξ. "lpr  ־...  ּ."   
  . ̷   ؼ κ  Ѵ. ׸
   Ŀ ,  ߻  , ϴٸ ýۿ
  ִ ޽ ϵ ϶.

     ¶ Ŵ (On-Line Manual Pages)

     o  cat(1)   а(ǥԷ) (ǥ)

     o  dvips(1)   DVI PSϷ ȯ

     o  ghostview(1)  GS ̿Ͽ PS ̸ (preview) α׷

     o  groff(1)  groff  ý front-end

     o  gs(1)  Ghostscript (interpreter)/viewer

     o  lpc(8)     α׷

     o  lpd(8)    Ǯ 

     o  lpq(1)  Ǯ ť  ˻ϴ α׷

     o  lpr(1)   

     o  lprm(1)  Ǯ ť  ۾ 

     o  pr(1)  ؽƮ  ϱ ϵ ٲٴ ƿƼ

     o  tex(1)  text formatting and typesetting

     USENET newsgroups

     o  comp.os.linux.*   õ    ִ

     o  comp.unix.*  UNIX ü õ    ִ.

