  The Linux Plug-and-Play-HOWTO

  David S.Lawyer dave@lafn.org <mailto:dave@lafn.org>

  v0.11, May 2000
   (nsh@asp-linux.co.kr <mailto:nsh@asp-linux.co.kr>)
  v0.11 2000 7 29

   ÷&÷(Plug-and-Play) ؼ ϰ, ̰
  Ѵ.   Linux ý ÷&÷̸  ϴ 
  ҰѴ.
  ______________________________________________________________________

  

  1. 
     1.1 ۱ ǥ,  ǥ, å װ ſ
        1.1.1 Copyright
        1.1.2 Disclaimer
        1.1.3 Trademarks.
        1.1.4 Credits
     1.2  ȹ:  ֽʽÿ.
     1.3  HOWTO  ֽǿ ؼ

  2. PnP  : "Bus-Resources"  
     2.1 ÷&÷(PnP) ΰ?
     2.2 ǻͿ  ̽ ã (Ǵ  ݴ)
     2.3 I/O 巹
     2.4 IRQ --
     2.5 DMA ä
     2.6 ޸ 
     2.7 ̽ ̹ ʿ ־ "resources"
     2.8 
     2.9 ø 信  ̽ PnP  

  3. ÷&÷(PnP) ذ 
     3.1 PnP 
     3.2 PnP   ( )
     3.3 PC  ⵿
     3.4 
     3.5 Linux  PnP  ؾ ʿ伺

  4. PnP BIOS  
     4.1 PnP operating system  ִ°?
        4.1.1 Interoperability with Windows9x
     4.2   ڿ ұ?
     4.3  Ʈ?

  5. PnP ī  
     5.1 PnP ī  Ұ
     5.2 Disable PnP ?
     5.3 BIOS PnP 
        5.3.1 BIOS  PnP  ϴµ ־
        5.3.2 BIOS ESCD Ÿ̽
        5.3.3 Windows  ̿ ESCD  
        5.3.4 ο ̽ ߰ (Linux Ǵ  Windows  ־ )
     5.4 isapnp (isapnptools  Ϻ)
     5.5 PCI Utilities
     5.6 Linux PnP   Ŀ ġϿ ֽÿ.
     5.7 Windows   
     5.8 ̽ ̹  
     5.9 PnP  ϴ Ʈ 

  6. Tell the Driver the Configuration
     6.1 Ұ
     6.2 ø Ʈ ̹: setserial
     6.3  ī ̹
        6.3.1 OSS-Lite
        6.3.2 OSS (Open Sound System)  ALSA

  7.   ˱ ؼ?
     7.1 Boot-time Messages
     7.2 ̽ ̹  ǰ ִ°?
     7.3 ϵ ̽  ǰ ִ°?

  8. η
     8.1 巹
        8.1.1 ISA   巹 (Read-Port)
        8.1.2 巹 
        8.1.3 巹 
        8.1.4 巹  üũ (ISA ־  I/O 巹 浹 ˻)
        8.1.5 ޸𸮸   
     8.2 ͷƮ --
     8.3 PCI  ͷƮ
     8.4 Isolation

  ______________________________________________________________________

  1.  

  1.1.  ۱ ǥ,  ǥ, å װ ſ

  : ̼ 迡 ؼ  ״ Ÿϴ.

  1.1.1.  Copyright

  Copyright (c) 1998-2000 by David S. Lawyer  dave@lafn.org
  <mailto:dave@lafn.org>

  Please freely copy and distribute (sell or give away) this document in
  any format.  Forward any corrections and comments to the document
  maintainer.  You may create a derivative work and distribute it
  provided that you:

  1. Send your derivative work (in the most suitable format such as
     sgml) to the LDP (Linux Documentation Project) or the like for
     posting on the Internet.  If not the LDP, then let the LDP know
     where it is available.  Except for a translation, send a copy to
     the previous maintainer's url as shown in the latest version.

  2. License the derivative work in the spirit of this license or use
     GPL.  Include a copyright notice and at least a pointer to the
     license used.

  3. Give due credit to previous authors and major contributors.

     If you're considering making a derived work other than a
     translation, it's requested that you discuss your plans with the
     current maintainer.

  1.1.2.  Disclaimer

  While I haven't intentionally tried to mislead you, there are likely a
  number of errors in this document.  Please let me know about them.
  Since this is free documentation, it should be obvious that I cannot
  be held legally responsible for any errors.

  1.1.3.  Trademarks.

  Any brand names (starts with a capital letter) should be assumed to be
  a trademark).  Such trademarks belong to their respective owners.

  1.1.4.  Credits

  Daniel Scott proofread this in March 2000 and found many typos, etc.

  1.2.   ȹ:  ֽʽÿ.

  , ǰ, , ܾ öڹ, ,  , ũ  
  , ڿ ˷ּ. ׸ 1 ̻  
  ,  ֽ Ȯϱ ٶ. ,   Ѵٰ
  Ǵ   ˷ּ.

  ڴ isapnptools  ؼ  David Howells  Ŀ ġ
  ؼ ڼϰ  ߴ (Ϸ  ϰִ ).
  BIOS PnP   ó ʱȭϴ(̰ BIOS   
  ٸϴ), Windows9x  ִ ESCD    ؼ ϰԴ
  ϰ  ϴ. ,  HOWTO  ̿ϼ̰, Ȯ
  𸥴(Ǽ  ˷ ּ. )  HOWTO , ڰ Ȯ
   𸣴  Ÿ ȣμ ??   ϰִ.

  1.3.   HOWTO  ֽǿ ؼ

  Plug-and-Play-HOWTO  ֽ ü ſ, LDP  ׹
  Ʈ Ǵ Լ  ִ. ̷Ʈ ϶
  linuxdoc.org/mirrors.html <http://linuxdoc.org/mirrors.html>  ִ.
    پ  Ѵ. ֽ ¥ Ȯϰ 
  ̶, linuxdoc.org/HOWTO/Plug-and-Play-HOWTO.html
  <http://linuxdoc.org/HOWTO/Plug-and-Play-HOWTO.html>   ڴ.
   а ִ    v0.11(2000 5)̴.  ̹Ӱ
  ߰ ׸ scanport ƿƼ,     , setpci  
  ̴.

  2.  PnP  : "Bus-Resources"  

  2.1.  ÷&÷(PnP) ΰ?

  ſ ϰ ϸ, ÷&÷̴ 𵩰 Ʈũ ī, 
  ī  ϵ(ġ) ãƳ Ҹ ڵ, Ʈ
  ˷ش. ÷&÷ ,  ġ ̰ ϴ
  Ʈ(̽ ̹) ġŰ, ̽ ̹ ̿
  šäΡ  ̴. ̰ ϱ ؼ,  PnP Ʒ
  "bus-resources"  ̹ ϵ ʿ ҴѴ: I/O
  巹, IRQ, (ISA н)DMA ä, ޸ ̴. ̰͵ 4 
  bus-resources   𸣸, ڿ   I/O 巹, IRQ,
  DMA ä, ޸   о ּ.  ̰͵ bus-resources 
  3    Linux Gazette  簡 Introduction to IRQs, DMAs and
  Base Addresses  ִ.   ̰͵ bus-resources йŰ
  (׸ ǹٸ ̹ νǸ), /dev   ִ
  ̽    ְ ȴ.

  ̷ bus-resources  PnP  (configuring) Ҹ
  ͵ , ̰       ʴ´. ,  PnP 
  ִ ̿  ̽   κ  PnP ̿ܿ
  .     ̶, ʱȭڿ I/O
  巹  "channel"   𵩿 . 𵩿 ڿ
   ؼ Ǵ "channel" PnP Ҵ Դϴٸ,
  ʱȭڷġװ  PnPʹ ϴ. ø Ʈ ӵ(  ٸ
  Ķ ټ ) , ڰ (ýÿ ڵ
  Ǵ ͵   ִ.)  α׷κ ̽ ̹
  ޼  Ϳ   ȴ.      PnP 
  . ̿ , PnP ȭ  ־  Ư  
   ʴ´. ٸ  (MS Windows  ) bus-
  resources resources  а ִ ͵ ,  
  ٸ  ִ resources  ڿ ϱ ؼ, "bus-
  resources"   ϴ ̴.

  2.2.  ǻͿ  ̽ ã (Ǵ  ݴ)

  ǻʹ  ϴ CPU  ͸ ϴ ޸𸮷 ǰ ִ.
  ̰Ϳ ,  ũ ̹  ī, Ű, Ʈ ī,
   ī,  ī, ø Ʈ, з  ִ. , 
  ϴ  Ʈ, ̽ CPU  ϴ  ,
  ׸ ̰͵ θ ϴ ̽ ִ.

     ̽  plug-in card(Ʈ ȸα) 
  ־. ֱ   ̽, plug-in cardμӸ ƴ ,
  塹 ٿ  Ĩ ε ǰ ִ.  忡 plug-
  in card 1 ̻ ̽  ִ ͵ ִ. ޸Ĩ
  ̽μ ϴ ͵  ,  HOWTO  ־ ǹ̿
  plug- and-play ƴϴ.
  ǻ ý ٸ ۽Ű ؼ,  ̽
  ̽ ̹ ؿ ־߸ Ѵ. ̽ ̹
   ý Ϻη(μ εǴ ͵ ִ ), CPU 󿡼
  ϴ Ʈ̴. ̽ ̹ /dev 丮 ִ
  Ư ϡ õǾ ִ .      ƴϴ. 
   ̸ hda1(ϵ ũ a   Ƽ), ttyS0(
  ø ), eth1 (2°  ̴ ī)  Ǿ ִ . 
  ̾߱  , õǴ ̽ ̹(   eth1
  սô) ϰ ִ ̴ ī    ȴ. , 
  ̴   eth1  ҴǴ  ƴϴ.  ̴  
  Ѵ,  Ư  ̹ Ҵ ʴ´.  ̽ ϱ
  ؼ, (̽ ̹ ϰ ִ)CPU    ̽
  Ŀ (  ) ų,  б ų Ѵ.  ̷
   ϱ ,  ̽ ̹ ϴ ̽  
  巹 ˰    . ̷ 巹 ˼ִ 
  ( ä Ѵ) ̴.  äΡ δ PC 
   ̰, ٸ  Ϳ Ǿ  ִ  . 
   ä ⼭   ϴ.  ּҰ δ
    巹 ̰, äο ( plug-and-play ˷
  ִ.) й谡 ְ,  ̽ ̰ؼ 
  䱸 ̽ ̹   ִ.

  2.3.  I/O 巹

  PC  3  巹 (I/O,  ޸, (PCI  )) 
  ִ. ̵ 3  巹, PC ο   ϰ
  ִ . ׷,  巹  (I/O,  ޸, )
   ,  PC   ִ  輱   .
  ڼѰ ``巹''   ּ.  ̽ I/O
  巹   ġǰ ־,   ޸𸮳 
  ϴ ͵ ִ . I/O 巹 ܼ "I/O", "IO", "i/o", "io"
   Ҹ ͵ ִ .  I/O Ʈ ϴ ͵ ȴ.
  I/O 巹 (Ǵ ͷƮ  ٸ н ڿ)  2 
  ֿ ܿ  .

  1. I/O 巹 ī( 1 ) Ѵ.

  2.  I/O 巹 ̽ ̹ ˸.

      2  ó, 濡    ãƳ  2
        Ͱ  ִ.   ãƳ (׸
     write down)ʵǰ,   ڴ, ãƳ   ֵ    
      ǥ  ȵȴ. ǻ 쿡, ̽ ̹
     巹    ǰ, ̽ ϵ 
     巹 Ư Ϳ   ȵȴ.  ۾ 
         Ǳ , ʸ ϴ Ǽ ڰ 
      ִ.  ̷ 쿡, ǻʹ ̽     
     .  , ø 信 巹 Ҵ 
     "setserial"  ص, "setserial"  ̹ 巹
     ˷ ʴ´. setserial  ø Ʈ ü 巹 
      ʴ´.  ø Ʈ  巹 ̰ (Ȥ
       Ǿ  ), ߸ 巹 ̹
     ϰ ִ Ϳ ,  Ͼ.

   ܿ и ʿ μ,  巹 ̽ ̹
  ϱ ,  巹 ī忡 ǰ   ȵȴ.
  ̽ ̹ ǻͰ ۵ Ŀ   ϴ  
  , PnP  α׷ ī 巹  ϱ  ̽
  ̹(ī尡   ϴ  ؼ)ī 
  ＼Ϸ ϴ ͵ δ ִ.̷ 쿡,  ī尡
  ־(׷,  巹   ), ī尡 ߰ߵ
  ʴ´ٶ -޼ ǥõȴ.

   2  ܶ I/O 巹  , ٸ ڿ( ``IRQ
  --'', ``DMA ä'', ``޸ '' ) ؼ   
  ִ.  ̰͵鿡 ؼ  3 °  忡  մϴ .

  2.4.  IRQ --

     ڿ   ڼ  ˰  쿡 ``ͷƮ
  --'' о ּ. ⼭  ſ ϰ Ѵ: 巹 
  ܿ,    Ǵ ͷƮ ȣ(IRQ 5 ) ͵ ִ.
  ̰ IRQ(Interrupt ReQuest, ͷƮ 䱸)ȣ Ҹ.
  ̽ ̹  ϱ ؼ ī 巹 ˰ 
  ʿ䰡 ִ  ̹ ߴ. ׷,  ſ ؼ
  ?  , ̽ ̽ ̹     Ǵ
   ִٸ?    ̽,  ޸𸮿   
  Ǵ 뷮 Ʈ ޾ 𸥴. ̷ 쿡, ̽
    Ʈ  Ͽ װ ̹ ȣϰ, ֱ
  ġ ̽  ü ۷κ ׵ ű 
  ʿϴ.

  ̽  ؼ  ûϿ߸ ϴ°?  Ÿ
  ̹ ǰ ִ ̹Ƿ, ̰ ϴ    .  
  ſ, ̽  ͷƮ ( Ϻ̴) 
  Ѵ.     ,  ̽ ؼ   Ǿ .
   ȣ ͷƮ Ҹ. ͷƮ    16
  ־,  ̰   ()Ư  ̽ ̹ Ǿ
  ִ.     IRQ (Interrupt ReQuest)ȣ پ ִ .
  ̽ ͷƮ Ȯ     ǰ, ̽
  ̹ Ȯ  ͷƮ ٸ   ȴ. 
   ͷƮ Ͼ ̽ ǰ ִ IRQ ȣ
   ȴ. ϴ IRQ  ̽ ̺꿡 ˷ִ
  Ͱ, ̽ ̹ ̰Ͱ   IRQ ȣ 
   ȵȴ.

  ̽ ̹ ͷƮ( 䱸) , ̽ ̹
  ͷƮ ߻  ϰ, ͷƮ óϴ  
    ʵȴ. ISA  쿡,  ̽  IRQ 
  ȣ ʿϴ. PCI , (ISA )Ư 쿡 IRQ  ϴ
  ͵   ִ.

  2.5.  DMA ä

  DMA ä ϴ  ISA ̴. DMA  Direct Memory
  Access( ޸ ＼) ǹ̴. ̰ ̽ CPU
  κ ǻ   ϰ, Ʈ  ޸𸮿 
   ϴ  㰡ǰ ִ ̴.  CPU  ̷  2
    ó Ѵ:

  1. ̽ I/O ޸ κ  Ʈ CPU
     װͿ۽Ѵ.

  2.  Ʈ CPU κ  ޸𸮿 .

     DMA  ϸ  ó, ̽κ ޸𸮷  Ʈ
      1   ȴ. ׷, ̽ ϵ   
     ־    Ǳ , ݵ  ̽ DMA 
       ִ  ƴϴ.    DMA ۿ ǰ ֱ
     ,  DMA ϰ   CPU  ѵȴ.

   PCI  DMA ,  ſ  DMA ٵ   
   ִ. װ bus mastering̴. bus mastering  DMA 
  Ƽ, DMA  Ҹ ͵ ִ ( , "UltraDMA"  Ҹ
  ϵ ũ ̺).   ϸ, ̽ Ͻ 
   (bus master) ǰ, bus master CPU ִ°   Ʈ
     ִ. bus mastering ä ȣ   ʴ´.
  ֳϸ  PCI  , PCI ϵ  bus master
  bus master Ƿϴ 䱸 ϰ ִ ̽ ˼ ֱ ̴.
  , PCI    DMA ä Ҵ  .
  ISA  ̽ DMA  Ϸ  ,  ̽ ͷƮ
  䱸ó  DMA 䱸  䱸  ߻Ѵ.   DMA 
  ͷƮ ̿ óϴ ͵   , ׷  Ǳ ,
  DMA 䱸 Ҹ Ư Ÿ ͷƮ  ϴ  .
  ͷƮ ,  DMA 䱸 ȣ ٿ ְ, 䱸 
  ̽ ĺ  ִ.  ȣ DMA ä̶ Ҹ.  DMA
  ä    ( ÿ  1 ۿ   .
  )ϱ , δ ̰͵ΰ  ä ϴ ǹ,
  DMA äΡȣ ϸ äΡ ϰ ִ ̽ ĺ
    ִ. äΡ  ¸ ϰ ִ ϵ Ͱ
   ִ. ̿ , DMA 䱸 ϱ ؼ, ̽
   ̽ Ϳ ǰ ִ DMA ä ȣ ˰ 
    ȴ.

  2.6.  ޸ 

  Ϻ ̽  ޸𸮳 巹  Ҵ ִ.
  ̰  졸 ޸(shared memory)Ǵ  ޸𸮸
  I/O(memory mapped I/O)̴. ̽ ROM ִ ͵ ִ.  bus-
  resources    , ̰ ܼ ޸𸮡 Ҹ. 
   ̽ I/O 巹   Ѵ

  ̷ ī带 Ⱦ , δ (I/O ޸𸮰 ƴ) ޸𸮿
   ޸  ȴ  ȴ. ̰ ROM(Read Only Memory) 
  ޸  ʿ  ʴ´.  ޸𸮴 ̽ 
  ޸𸮰  ۡ͡ μ ȴ. ׷, ̰
  δ  ƴϴ. ̰, ̽ ڽ ڽ ޸𸮿 
  Ÿ , װ  ޸𸮿  ϰִ°ͻ̱ ̴.
  ī ̽ ̹ ͵,     ǽ
  ʿ . ޸ 巹 Ƹ ſ  ġ  , 
  ġ ִ ǻ ޸Ĩ 巹   .

  ROM  ٸ. ̰ α׷(Ƹ ̽ ̹)
  ִ° , ̽ Բ ȴ. Ƹ ̰ Windows Ӹ
  ƴ϶ Linux 󿡼 Ѵ(??). ̰ shadowedȭ ʿ䰡
   𸥴.  shadowedȭ ,   ϰ ϱ ؼ
  ROM   ޸𸮿 ϴ ̴. ϴ shadowedȭ ϸ, 
    б롹 .

  2.7.  ̽ ̹ ʿ ־ "resources"

  ̿ , ̽ ̹ ڽ ϴ ϵ   
   Ҵ硹  ȵȴ. ̰ bus resourse (I/O, ޸,
  IRQ, DMA)  ̽ ̽ ̹ Ʈ  
  ϴ Ϳ   .  , ø (4  )2  
  ڿ,    IRQ  I/O 巹 Ѵ.    
  ̽ ̹  ̽    ȴ.
  ̹(  ̽) /dev 丮 ̸ Ѵ(ttyS1
  ).  巹 IRQ ȣ  ̽ ī  (Ǵ
   - Ĩ) ȴ.  쿡,   ݵ
  ̽  ϵ(ī) ȴ. ׷  PnP  쿡 
  PC     ʹ  ǹǷ, resource data
  PC     ȸ, ̽   Ӱ Ͽ
  Ѵ.

  2.8.  

  PC   IRQ, DMA ä, I/O 巹, ޸   
   ִ.  ̽  , ̵ ΰ ǥȭǾִ bus
  resourse( I/O 巹 IRQ ȣ)  ִٸ, ̽
  ̹ ̽ Ҵ ,  Ͼ  ̴. PC 
  ̽ ٸ ̽ 浹 ʴ  resourse  
  ֱ ̴. ٸ ̽   I/O 巹 IRQ °͵
   ̴.  ׷  ,  ̽ ̹ α׷ ߿ I/O
  巹  IRQ  hard-codedϸ ϹǷ. ſ ̾߱Ⱑ ϰ
  ȴ.

  ׷,  ׷ ʴ. ֱٿ ٸ ̽  Ƿ
  浹  ,  Ÿ ̽  ؾ߸
  ϴ 쵵 ִ.  ,  ٸ ũ ̹ 
  ø Ʈ ϰ  ̴. ̷  ,
  ̽ 浹 ȸ  ִ,  IRQ  巹   ִ
   ʿϰ ȴ.  ׷, Ŭ Ű  Ϻ IRQ 
  巹 ǥ ġ Ѵ. ̷ ̽ ̰ 
  ʿ .

  bus resourse Ҵ翡 浹   ׿ܿ, ̽ ̹
    ߸ؼ   ִ.  , 
  ̽ IRQ 5  ǰ ִµ  Ͽ IRQ 4    ִ
    ̴.  ̰ ٸ   ڿ  ̴.

  ڿ   ٸ ϸ,  ̽ ⿡ ϴ
  ̽ ̹̿  ä Ȯȴ.  ,  
  I/O 巹(ڿ) ̽ ̹ ϵ ҴǾ ,
  ڰ Ϲ  ä Ȯ  ȴ.  
  ɾ  ̽ ° ϴ.  ̹ ͸
  д Ϳ   ̽κ    Ƿ,  ܼ
  Ϲ̶  ƴϴ. ׷,  δ ̽ 
   ϴ    . ֹ  ä  ؼ,
  ̽ IRQ  ʿ Ѵ. ֹ  ä̶, ̽ ̹
   ̽    ִ ̴.

  2.9.  ø 信  ̽ PnP  

  ø Ʈ cable  ܺ ̽(ܺκ 𵩵) Plug-
  and-Play  Ҹ. ڿ(IRQ  I/O ) ʿ ϴ 
  ø  ڽŻ̹Ƿ, ̷  ̽ ü  ڿ 
   ʴ´. ׷ , δ ̵ ̽ PnP ʿ
   ʴ.  ׷, ̷ ܺ ø ̽  ؼ
  PnP   ִ .

  PnP OS ̷ ܺ ̽ ϰ,  ̽  ȣ
  д´. ̰Ϳ ,  ̽  ̽ ̹ ãƳ 
  ذ ǹǷ, Ư ̽(   /dev/ttyS1) ϰ ִ
    α׷    ʿ䰡  ȴ. ̽
  ӵǰ ִ ø Ʈ( ϵ ) ϴ
  ͵ ϹǷ, (̽  ȣ ϴ  
  𸥴) ·,  PnP  ø Ʈ ʿϴٴ  ƴϴ.

  3.  ÷&÷(PnP) ذ 

  3.1.  PnP 

  ÷&÷̶ ܾ   ǹ̰ ִ.  ǹ̿,
    ϸ    ܼ ڵ  Ų.
   HOWTO  ǹ̷δ, ̶  PnP ڿ ,
  ̽ ̹    ˸ ͸ Ų.   
  ǹ̿, ϵ ̽  ڿ ϴ ͸ Ų.
  ̰ PnP   Ű ͵ ִ.  (ٸ ͵ 
   Ư) ISA  ̽(  ī̴)   PnP
  ڿ  Ÿ а  ϴ   Ѵ . ǥ PCI(PnP 
   ) ,   PCI    ֵ  ִ .

  PnP  ̽ ̽ ̹  ġŰ,  
  ä   Ѵ. ÷&÷̰ Ǳ  ISA  쿡,
     ϵ ̽  ڿ ϰ ־. Ʈ
   ̹  ڿ ,  ()Ǵ ̽ 
  Ѵٰ Ǵ 巹 ϴ Ϳ   .  PCI
    κ PnP  Ƿ, PCI  PnP 
  ϴ  ſ ߴ. PCI 翡 PnP   
  ǰ  ʱ ,  PCI  PnP  ҷ  и
  ϰ  ʴ(׷,  PCI ,  PnP  Ҹ ִ 
  ϵ  ϰ ִ).

  3.2.  PnP   ( )

  PnP   並 ſ ϰ  մ. PnP  α׷(Ƹ
  BIOS ȿ ִ α׷̴)   PnP ̽ ϰ, 
  ̽ ʿ  ϴ  ڿ 䱸Ѵ. ,  
  α׷ ˷־߸ϴ  ڿ(IRQ ) üũ Ѵ. 翬
  non-PnP (legacy) ̽ ϰ ִ   ڿ
  ִٸ( α׷  ˰ ), ̷  ڿ PnP
  ̽ ˷ ʴ´.  ,  α׷(PnP 翡
    )   ̿, 浹 Ͼ ʰ, 
   ̽ ʿ  ڿ( ϴٸ)ҴѴ. ׷, 
  α׷ Ҵ  ڿ    ̽ ϰ, ̽
  ҴǾ  ڿ ϴ Ͱ  ڽ ڽ  Ѵ.
  ׸ ̽ ̹ ϴ ̽  ϴ  ڿ
    ϰ, ̰Ϳ  ̽ ȿ  
   ְ ȴ.

   , ͷƮ(IRQ ȣ) 1   ޸ 1MB ʿ ϴ
  ī尡 ִٰ .  PnP α׷  䱸 īκ ޴´.  PnP
  α׷ IRQ5, 巹 0xe9000000 κ ۵Ǵ 1MB  巹
   ҴѴ.  ̿  ϰ   ִ° ƴϴ.
  ̷, (ISA  )Ư IRQ ȣۿ    Ͱ, 1MB 
  ޸  Ư  巹     Ǵ 
  ī尡 Ǿ  찡 ֱ ̴.   κ PCI 
  ISA  ٸ, ISA     ϴ.

  PnP  α׷   ִ Ű    ִ. 
  ϳ  (ǻ͸   )  ڿ
  Ҵ Ͽ, ̰ ̿ϴ ̴. Windows9x  PnP BIOS 
      , ǥ Linux  ̰  ʴ´.
  Windows9x   ϵ ũ ͸  ϰ, PnP
  BIOS   PC ֹ ޸(̰ ESCD ˷ ִ.)
  ``BIOS   ESCD Ÿ̽''  Ͻÿ)  Ѵ.

  Linux ־,  ó  ̽ ڷϸ, ڿ
  Ҵ  ϴ ֹ߼ ͸ . ̽ 
   ؼ,  ̿  ϰ,    
    ϴ ͵ ִ. ̷ ̽,  ϵ
  ڿ ʿ  ʴ  Ϲ ϰ ִ.

  ̽ ϵ   ϰ ,  ⵿ÿ
  κ ƹ͵  ʾƵ , ̽  
   ؾ .  Ʈ   ִ ̽ ִ
  (׷, ̰ ݵ   ̶ 
  ʴ´). , PnP  α׷  PC  ⵿  ȸ 
  ʿ䰡 ִ. , ο ̽  ߰ϸ, ̽  
  ʿ䰡 ִ.  ο ̽  ڿ Ҵ , ̹
  ϴ ̽ Ϻ  ڿ  ϰ, ſ  
  ִ ٸ  ڿ  ̽ Ҵϴ   𸥴.

  3.3.  PC  ⵿

  ǻ  ó , BIOS Ĩ ǻ͸  Ű ؼ
  BIOS α׷ Ѵ(  ϵ üũ̴).
  operating system ϵ ũ Ǿ ִ ( ׷),
  BIOS ϵ ũ  ؾ߸ Ѵ.  ϵ ũ PnP ̸,
  BIOS  ̰ ãƳ  PnP    ִ. , ǻ
  ۽ÿ ڰ BIOS  CMOS     ֵ ϰų,
  -޼   ֵ ϱ ؼ, ũ( ī)
  Ű尡 ʿ䰡 ȴ.  ̵ ̽ ִٸ BIOS  PnP 
  ؾ߸ Ѵ.

    BIOS ϵ ũ,  ī, Ű带 νϸ, BIOS  
  (ϵ ũκ ޸𸮷 operating system  ϴ )
  غ Ϸȴ. PnP  ۷ ý (PnP OS) ϰ ִ
   BIOS ϰ ִ 쿡, BIOS   ó PC
  Ʈ ϰ, operating system PnP   ؾ߸Ѵ. ׷
   , ( )PnP BIOS ڽ  ̽ PnP 
  Ѵ.(׷, ̹   ʴ´).

  3.4.  

  ISA   IBM-PC ̰, PCI   ӿ 
  ̴.  PCI,  PnP     ֵ ǰ
  ִ.  PCI , PnP  ڿ ϵ ̽ Ϳ
  ҴǴ 簡(ISA  )ϴ.   Ǿ
  ִ ˱ ؼ lspci Ŀ带 ϰų,  /proc/pci Ǵ
  /proc/bus/pci   . ۽ÿ ȭ鿡 ǥõǴ ޼(
  ǥø ؼ Shift-PageUp Ѵ) ϴ.  ``Boot-time
  Messages'' Ͻÿ.

  ISA  쿡, PnP     ִ.  
  ISA   ÿ  PnP  ʾҴ Ͱ,   
   ̽  ؼ PnP   ִ I/O 巹 
  ٴ ̴.  ᱹ, ISA 󿡼 PnP ϴ  ſ ϰ
  Ǿ.  ̰Ϳ  å  ִ .  ``PnP Book''  ÿ.
  Ư,   PnP ̽ PnP α׷ Ͻ  ڵ
  (handle) Ҵϰ, α׷ PnP    ̽ Ư
   ֵ ϴ  ʿϴ.   ڵ项 Ҵϴ  Isolation
  (isolation)̶ Ѵ.  Ϳ ؼ η ``Isolation''
  Ͻÿ.

  ISA    ȴ. ׷ Ǹ, PnP BIOS 
  ϵ ߴ  ˼ֱ      ̴.
  ׷, ̽ ̹ ̽ ︮  ʿ䰡 ְ,
  PC ۡÿ ߰ ̽  ʿ䵵 ִ. ̷
  ʿ伺, Linux PnP operating system̿ٸ ɼ ִ ̴.

  3.5.  Linux  PnP  ؾ ʿ伺

  PnP ԰(ISA ) Compaq, Intel, Phoenix  .  Microsoft
   ο PnP  ״. PnP ߸ ʾҴٸ ,
  Linux   ̴.   ISA   ǰ,  PnP 
     PCI  ޵Ǹ,   PnP 
     ̴.  ׷, װ ϰų ׷ ʰų,
  ֱ ο ISA ϵ    PnP ̹Ƿ, Linux PnP
   µϴ ̿  . ׷, ǥ Linux (1999  ʱ
  ) , PnP  (Ư ISA 쿡)ϰ Ǿ ִ .
  PnP    ϰ ϴ ̾ .

   ǹ̷, Linux PCI   ؼ ̹  PnP 
   ִٰ   ִ. PC  , ũ ǥõǴ
  ޼ κ Ϻ ̽ ̹ ڽ ϴ ϵ
  ̽(  BIOS ̰͵鿡 Ҵ  ڿ) ϴ   
     𸥴. ׷, PnP operating system̶  
  ɼϰ ó  ִ Ȳ  ִ :

  o  ڿ  .

  o  1   ̽  ̹ ִ .

  o  Ȱϰ  ̽  ̽ ãƳ  .

  o  ̽ ġ(docking ) .

     Linux ڴ, ϰ  ISA PnP ̽  ϱ ؼ
     PnP, װͿ ؼ ڼϰ  ʿ  ̴. ذ 
     ϳ, ǥȭ  Linux ISA  PCI ,   
     ־  &÷̸ ϴ ̴. Ŀڿ ġ 
     , κ ̹  ġ ϰ  ʴ.  ġ
     ǥ Linux κ ƴϴ. ``Patch Kernel''.  Ͻÿ.

  4.  PnP BIOS  

  ǻ  Ѹ, operating system εǱ   BIOS 
  ȴ. ֱ  BIOS PnP ̰, Ϻ Ȥ   PnP ̽
   Ѵ. κ  PnP BIOS  PnP  ȿ    ,
  PnP     ۿ . BIOS  CMOS    𸣴
  ñ Ʒ  Ÿ:

  o  ``Do you have a PnP operating system?(PnP operating system 
      ִ°?''

  o  ``How are bus-resources to be controlled?(  ڿ 
     ϴ°?)''

  o  ``Reset the configuration?( Ʈ ΰ?'')

  4.1.  PnP operating system  ִ°?

  ̰Ϳ yes ϰ ִ , PnP BIOS  ϵ ũī
  塤Ű PnP  ϰ, ý   ֵ Ѵ .
  ׷, PnP BIOS  ۾  operating system ñ.  BIOS
   ISA 󿡼 ``Isolation''  ϰ, ̽ ȿ εǸ
  operating system   ִ ̴. Linux 쿡 ,
  PnP operating system    BIOS  ؾ Ѵ. ̿
    , BIOS   ISA ̽ ȿ ·
   𸥴(??).  PCI ̽    𸥴(??).

  PnP OS   ʵ BIOS   , BIOS ڽ ڽ
  ̽  Ѵ. ο PnP ̽ ߰ ʴ , BIOS
  ֹ߼ ޸(ESCD) ǰ ִ  Ѵ.  ``BIOS  ESCD
   ̽''  Ͻÿ. ǻ  ǿ Linux 
  ߴٸ  ٲ  Դϴ. ``BIOS PnP '' 
   Ͻÿ. ׷,  ǿ (PnP OS̴) Windows9x  
  , Windows ESCD  濴 𸥴. ̰ Ǵ  
  Ƹ,   Űų, legacy ̽ ν 
  ̴.  ``Windows ̿ ESCD   Ű '' 
  Ͻÿ.    isapnp  PCI Utilities  α׷
  ؼ   , ̵ α׷ BIOS Ŀ ǰ,
  ڰ   PnP   Ѵ.

  4.1.1.  Interoperability with Windows9x

  Linux  Windows   PC 󿡼 ϰ ִ 쿡, BIOS
  PnP OS  ϰ ִ°?(Do you have a PnP OS?) 
   ϸ ?  (׸ Ȯϰ), ǥ Linux
  ؼ  no ϰ , Windows9x  ؼ  yes
  ؾ Ѵ. ׷,  OS  ٲٷ  , BIOS  CMOS ޴
   ؾ ϴ  ſ ϴ. ̰ ذϴ 
  ϳ, Windows   ؼ PnP OS    ʴ١
  CMOS  ϴ ̴.  Windows   Ȳ(BIOS ־ ϵ
  ϰ ϰ ִ)     ִ    ִ. ,
  ϵ ̹ Ǿ ִ   Windows ν  ,
  Windows ٽ ѹ  Ͽ Ǹ ϴ    ִ.
  ׷, ״   .  Windows ܼ, Ʈ
  ϰ ִ  ̹ ϴ ͻ̴.  ׷ (BIOS
  ) ϵ , ESCD Ǿ ִ  ְ,
  ͸ ٸ ־ ,  ų 𸥴.

  CMOS  Ʈ  ߴ  ϳ, BIOS  
  PnP OS    (not a PnP OS) ¿ Windows 
  ġ (Ǵ ν)ϴ ̴. ̷ ϸ,  Windows BIOS
   ý  ȴ.   ־ ڿ  浹 ٸ,
  Windows Ƹ  ϰ , ̰ ͸   ̴.
  ̷ ؼ  ESCD Ʈ ȴ. ̰μ ٸ 
  ϸ(׸  HOWTO  ̸ֽ), ڿ ˷ ֽÿ.  ڴ
  ٸ ߴٰ   1 ǹۿ   ̴.

  ٸ , Windows   Ű ̽ ̽
  Ŵ󿡼  ϴ ̴. ׸  PnP OS   
  (Not a PnP OS) ¿ PC  Ѵ( ۽ÿ
  CMOS Ѵ).  Windows 󿡼 ̽ ̹ νǾ, 
  ϸ BIOS    ڿ      ִ. Windows
  Ƹ  Windows ġ  CD  䱸ϴ Ϳ  Ͻÿ.  Windows
  ̹ ( )  ־, ̰ ãƳ ʴ 찡 ֱ
  ̴. ׽Ʈ, ڴ Novell ȣȯ ̹ ִ NIC
  ī带 ߴ.  , Windows Novell ƴ Microsoft
  Ʈũ ̹  ν ߴ.  , Novell Ŭ̾Ʈ
  ν ʿ䰡 ִ ̴.     ߻ߴٸ ڿ
  ˷ֽÿ  ( HOWTO  ֽ 쿡 Ѵ).

  4.2.    ڿ ұ?

   ׸ IRQ ڿ DMA ڿ Ҵ  Ѵ.  
  ׸ auto(ڵ) ϸ, BIOS Ҵ Ѵ.
  ޴() ϸ,  Է¿   legacy(non-PnP)
  ī带  IRQ     ִ.    ,
  ī尡 Iegacyī忡 ִ BIOS ν  ִ ͵ ν  
  ͵ ִ. BIOS Iegacyī     ִ , ڰ
  Windows 󿡼 ICU(Ǵ Ѱ ) ϰ BIOS   ְ
  ִ ̴. BIOS ̰ ˰  "auto"   ֽÿ.
  ص , Iegacy ISA ī  IRQ  ϰ, 
  IRQ BIOS PnP Ҵϵ Ѵ.

  4.3.   Ʈ?

   ׸ PnP ̽    BIOS  ESCD Ÿ̽
  ҰѴ.  , Iegacy(non-ISA) ̽   Ʈ
  ҰѴ.  Ÿ̽ ߸Ǿ, ۼ,   ʿ䰡 ִٰ
  Ȯϰ ִ , Ұ ƾѴ. ҰŸ ϴ ,
  ڰ ǻ͸     쿡 Ѵ,  򰡿 
  ִٰ Ѵ. BIOS Iegacy ̽ ͸  쿡,
  ڰ Windows ICA  ϰ  ͸ ۼ,   ʿ䰡
   ̴.

  5.  PnP ī  

  5.1.  PnP ī  Ұ

   ο  (ī)    ÷&÷
  (PnP)̴.  Linux  PnP ϴ Ʈ , ̰
  ݵ  Ѱ ƴϴ.  PnP ȭӰ ϱ  
  Ʒ 6 .  (Ȳ  ؼ    ͵ ִ ). 
     ϴ      ٸ. ᱹ,
      ϰ Ѱ .  ϴٰ
  Ǵ , δ ƹ͵  ʰ, PnP-BIOS   ϰ
  ϴ , Ŀ   BIOS   ã ° ʿ
   ִ. ̵  ϴ ,  θ ؼ װ
  ۷ ű ʿ䰡 ִ. ۾ Ҷ    ʿ䰡
   𸥴.

  o  ``Disable PnP''. ̰Ϳ  Ǵ  DOS/Windows  Ʈ
     Ѵ(̰    ī嵵  ).

  o  ``BIOS  PnP Ѵ''(PCI  쿡 ʿ  PCI BIOS
     ̴.   ̿ 쿡 PnP BIOS ʿ䰡 ȴ).
  o  ``isapnp''    ISA  󿡼, PnP ̽  
     ִ α׷̴.

  o  ``PCI Utilities''  PCI  ϱ  ƿƼ̴.

  o  ``Windows   '' ϰ,  Windows/DOS ο Linux 
     Ѵ.   μ  Ͻÿ.

  o  ``Patch Kernel'', Linux PnP operating system ȯѴ.

  o  ``̽ ̹ Ѵ''.׷,  ̰ ϴ  
     .

          ص, ϵ   ڿ 
     ̴.  ׷,   ̽ ̹   
     2  ̴. Ȯϰ ϴ    1 ̴.(װ ڽ
     ̹ ̱ ̴.)  ̹   ؼ 
        ϰ,  ϱ ؼ ڰ
     ΰ    Ǵ   ִ. ڼ , ``Tell the
     Driver the Configuration''   ÿ.

  5.2.  Disable PnP ?

   ̽ PnP ̰, PnP ȭ   ִ  .
  ׷, Ϻ ̽, ۿ(۰  
  쿡)̽ μ Windows α׷  ̰ ȭ 
   ִ.  ̰Ϳ , PnP  ʿ ۾ ȸ  ִ ͵
   ִ. ̷  ڿ Ǿ ִ ,   BIOS 
  Ͻÿ.

  PnP  ȭŰ     ܿ  ִ :

  1.  ӽſ MS Windows  ִ , PnP   ֵ ؼ
     Windows   Linuxʹ ٸ  ϴ   𸥴.

  2. PnP   ʴ´ٸ, IRQ ȣ( Ʈ ּ)  
     ũ  ѵǾ   ִ.

  3. ϴ ̽ ã ؼ  PnP  ̿ϴ Linux ̽
     ̹ ִ.

  4.    ٲٴ  ʿϰ  , ̽ PnP
       ̴.(۸ ϰų, DOS/Windows  α׷
      ʿ䰡 ).

  5. ٸ PnP ̽   (Ǵ   ִ), PnP
       ֵ  (Ȥ   ˾ д)ʿ䰡 
     𸥴.

       non-PnP ̽ ϸ, ( ۷  ϴ°,
     DOS/Windows  α׷  ʴ ) ̽ PnP
      α׷ BIOS     ȴ.

  5.3.  BIOS PnP 

  5.3.1.  BIOS  PnP  ϴµ ־

  PnP BIOS Ѵٸ, ϵ  ϴ  ϴ.  , BIOS
   ̽ ʿ ϴ ڿ  о, ̰
  Ѵ(ڿ ̽ ҴѴ). ̰ PnP OS 
  , BIOS ̽  ʴ ,   
  ̹ ˸ ʴ  ٸ.  ֹ߼ ޸(ESCD)
  Ǿ ִ  ؾ Ѵ. ο ̽  ,
  ڿ   , BIOS ʿ信   ؾ ϰ,
  ESCD    ״   .
  Ǵ BIOS ̷  ϰ , BIOS ٸ  
  ʴ  ҿ  ϴ 찡 ִ. BIOS ϴ 
  ܼ ̴.  κ  ϴ   ̴.  (BIOS
  CMOS ޴ PnP OS  ƴϴ١   Ѵ.  ).
  ̽ ̹  ؼ BIOS   ڵ  
  ִ ͵ ,  쿡 ־ BIOS   ڰ
   ʿ  ִ. (׻  ʴ).   `` 
   Ǿ ִ°?''   Ͻÿ. ޸ Ǵ μ, BIOS
   Linux ϱ  ϹǷ, ڿ ϴ ̽ ̹
    ڿ   ִ(׸   ִ) ŷеȴ.
  MS ϸ, PnP BIOS ̽ PnP (MS Windows 
  )   ִ  ɼǿ  ʴ´.(ʼ ƴϴ).
  ׷,  1996(??)  Ŀ  BIOS κ   
   ִ . ̰ ٸ Ѵٸ , 츮 ׵鿡
  (*) ޸    ̴. ̷  BIOS PCI  ISA
   , Ϻ  BIOS PCI ۿ   ٰ Ѵ.
  ϴ BIOS ؼ  ϰ  WWW   ֽÿ. ڵ
  ̰Ϳ  ͸  ִ  ƴϱ , ڿ Ǵ
  ϱ ٶϴ.  BIOS  ؼ   ˰ ʹٰ ϰ
  ִ  ڼ  Լ (Ȥ Լ  ) 𸥴.
  Ϻ BIOS ּ PnP ɹۿ   ʰ,  ۾
   κ Windows ƼƼ  ñ Ѵ. ̷ 쿡, ٸ
   (isapnptools ) ãų, Ȥ  BIOS ESCD Ÿ̽
  ִٸ ̰ ̿ؾ߸  ̴. ڼ     Ͻÿ.

  5.3.2.  BIOS ESCD Ÿ̽

  BIOS  PnP    ִ ֹ߼ Ÿ̽ ϰ
  ִ.  ̰ ESCD(Extended System Configuration Data) Ѵ. ,
  ESCD   ɼ, κ PnP BIOS   ִ.
  ESCD PnP ̽ ڿ   ϴ ͸ ƴ϶, non-PnP
  ̽   ϰ Ƿ, (non-PnP ̽ ִ
  ͵ ϰ ִ), 浹   ִ.  ESCD ʹ  Ĩ
  Ǳ     , ϵ ũ ͸
   ϴ ŸԵ ִ (??).

  ESCD     ϱ  , Linux
  isapnp  PCI Utilities  (ESCD  ʴ)α׷ 
  쿡, ESCD ̷ α׷ 𸣱 ,   ESCD 
    ʴ´.   PnP OS ESCD ϹǷ, Ŀ(ǥ Linux
  )non-PnP OS    ִ.  Windows Ư 쿡
  ̰ Ѵ.  ``Windows  ̿ ESCD  ''   Ͻÿ.

  ESCD Ǿ ִ  ̿, ݵ  BIOS CMOS "Not a PnP
  OS" Ȥ    ֽÿ. BIOS  (Linux OS 
  εǱ ), BIOS ESCD   Ѵ.׷, BIOS ESCD
  ϵǰ   ο PnP ī带 ϸ, BIOS  ī忡 
  ڿ Ҵϰ ESCD Ͽ߸ Ѵ.   PnP ī忡 Ҵϰ
  ִ  ڿ ϰ, װͿ  ESCD  ؾ߸ ϴ ͵
  ִ.

   ̽   ϵ ϰ ִٸ, PC 
    ϵ   ʿ . ׷    ׷
  ʴ. , BIOS PnP ϰ ִ 쿡  ESCD ͸
  ׻ Ȯ · ؾ߸ Ѵ. ESCD    BIOS
   , ̷  BIOS ֹ ޸𸮸   ־, non-PnP
  ī尡 ϱ ؼ ϰ ִ  ڿ   ִ. 
  BIOS  θ  ִ.

  5.3.3.  Windows  ̿ ESCD  

  BIOS ϴ ESCD   ϴ ٰ (Ǵ,  ־߸
  ϴ) 쿡, Linux ƿƼ  ESCD  ϴٸ
  ٰ   ִ. 1999  , ̷   ƹ͵
  . , ̰ ϴ  μ  Windows ϰ
  Ǿ ̴(  PC  Windows  ִ 쿡).
  Windows ESCD Ǵ Ű  3 ִ. 
   , DOS Ǵ  Windows 3.x   ICU ƿƼ ϴ
  ̴.  ̰ Windows 9x/2k  Ѵ(??). ι° ,
  Windows 9x/2k 󿡼 (Ρ) ϰ, Windows 
      ESCD Ű ̴. ° 
  ÷&÷̿  legacy̽ ̿  ִ. Windows
  ̷ ̽   ϰ ִ  ڿ ˰ ,
  Windows   ESCD  Ѵ.

  Windows ̽  ڵ , ڰ 
    ٲ , ̷  ¼  ESCD ݿ 
  ̴.  , Windows ڽ ڽ  ESCD ǰ ִ 
   ߴ  ̹Ƿ,  Ȥ ġϴ ͵ ִ.

  Windows9x PnP operating system̰, ڵ ̽ PnP 
  Ѵ. Windows ͸(̰ binary Windows ϵ鿡  Ǿ
  ִ) ӿ PnP Ÿ̽ ϰ ִ.  PnP  ڿ ǿ
     ͸  ִ.  PnP  ڿ, 
  ޸𸮿 Ǿ ִ Ͱ(Ƹ κ )ϵ ũ Ǿ
  ִ   Ϳ ִ.  Windows98  PnP  ڿ(޸𸮿
   ϰ ִ ?)  Žϰų,  
  Ϸ, ̽ Ŵ Ѵ.

  Windows98 ̽ Ŵ ȣϴ  2  ִ :

  o  (1)My Computer --> Control Panel --> System Properties --> Device
     Manager

  o  (2)(right-click) My Computer --> Properties --> Device Manager

     ׸ ̽ Ŵ  ̽ Ѵ.( Ŭ
     ̽  ִ 쿡    Ǽ ִ. )
      Ư, ڿ ʷ Ŭ Ѵ. ڿ  
      Ϸ, ڵ  Ѵ١ üũ , 
     桹 Ŭ Ѵ. ׷,       , 
        ͵ ִ.   ִٸ, ȯ  Ų
     ȴ.     Ÿ ޼  ǥõɼ ִ. ׷,
     Windows ǥ    ϰ  
     ٲپ  쿡, ϴ ΰ ٸ    
         ȴ.

  Windows98  ־   䡹ǰ ִ Ϸ
    Ѵ:Start --> Programs --> Accessories --> System
  Tools --> System Information --> Hardware Resources --> Forced
  Hardware.  Windows  ڿ  ٲ 쿡 
   ESCD    ȴ.(Windows   Ű
  ׷ ȴ). ý 츦 , Windows   IRQ  I/O
  Ʈ  ҴǾ ִ°    ִ.

  Windows  ڿ 浹 Ͼ ʾƵ, Linux 浹
  Ͼ 찡 ִ.  , Windows ESCD  ٸ  
  ڿ Ҵϰ ֱ ̴.  幮  , Windows  
  ̽  legacy ̽ ̰ų,  䡹ǰ ִ 쿡,
  Windows  ESCD     Ǵ ̴.

  5.3.4.  ο ̽ ߰ (Linux Ǵ  Windows  ־ )

  ο PnP ̽ ߰ǰ,   BIOS  "not a PnP OS"
  , PnP BIOS ڵ ̽  ϰ,   ESCD
   Ͽ߸ Ѵ. non-PnP legacy ̽(Ǵ ۵ PnP
  ȿ ̽) 쿡, ̰ óϱ  ɼ  ִ.

  Ư  ڿ(IRQ ) ǰ ־, PnP Ҵؼ  Ǵ
  (CMOS  ޴ ) BIOS ϴ ͵   ִ.
  BIOS   ESCD  ʴ´. ׷, 浹 Ͼ 쿡,
  ̸  ִ CMOS  ESCD    BIOS
  ޴   ְ Ǿ  𸥴.  ٸ , DOS Ǵ
  Windows ICU ϴ  ִ.   Ư μ, ICU
  Windows9x/2k   νϰ ,   䡹ϴ(
  ) ִ.  䡹Ǹ, Windows PC ٿ 
  ESCD   ̴.

  5.4.  isapnp (isapnptools  Ϻ)

  , PnP ʸ 𸣴 ,  isapnp   
    ˱  ̴.   HOWTO , isapnp μ FAQ 
   isapnp ظ    Ѵ.  isapnp   ִ
    ISA   PnP ̴̽(PCI   
  ϴ). Linux ۽ÿ "isapnp" α׷ ϸ,
  /etc/isapnp.conf    ڿ PnP ̽ ȴ. 
     ڵ   ,  ɼ Ϸ 
  ؾ Ѵ.  isapnp ϴ , Ŀ Ϻο ִ ̽
  ̹ isapnp 巹 ϵ ϴ ͺٵ 
  տ ȴ.  , ̽ ̹ ̽ ãƳ
   Ұϴ.  ̹ Ȯ 巹 ＼ Ǿ, 
  巹   ϵ ǰ  ʱ ̴.

   Linux  isapnptools ڵ ν  쿡,
  isapnp ý ۽ÿ ̹ ǰ  ִ.   쿡 ؾ
   , "man isapnp.conf"   鼭 /etc/isapnp.conf 
  ϴ ͻ̴. ׷,  ۾  PnP  ϴ Ͱ
  ״ ٸ ʴ   ֽÿ.  ڴ  
   ϰ   ؾ ϱ ̴.   
  ϴ°Ϳ, "pnpdump" α׷ ϴ.   α׷ 
   ü  ,   ϱ  Ȯϰ 
     ȴ.  Ͽ   Ǵ ڸƮ ԵǾ
  ̴ . "isapnp"   ̿ϰ,   PnP BIOS ִ 쿡,
  BIOS(ÿ)PnP OS   ʴ١   
  ȴ. ֳϸ,  쿡 PCI ̽  BIOS ϰ ϰ
  ͱ ̴. BIOS ISA ̽     
  , isapnp װ ٽ 缳 Ѵ

  /etc/isapnp.conf  ǰ ִ  ó ̻ϰ
   𸥴.   , I/O 巹 0x3e8 ǥϴµ, "(IO 0
  (BASE 0x3e8))"    ִ. "IO 0"  , ̰ ̽
  ϴ  (0 °) I/O 巹 ̶ ǹ̴. ̰
  ǥϴ ٸ δ "IO[0] = 0x3e8"  , isapnp  
   ʴ´.  "IO 1" , ̰  ̽ ϴ 2 °
  I/O 巹 ̶ ǹ̴.  ϵ . "INT 0"  
  ǹ, IRQ(ͷƮ)   ϴ.  1  ī尡  
  ̽  ͵ ,    ̵ ̽  1
  شѴ.

  5.5.  PCI Utilities

  ο Ű PCI Utilities (=pciutils, ߸ "pcitools" 
  Ҹ ͵ ִ. ) PCI  PnP     ֵ
  Ѵ.  "lspci"   ڿ Ʈ ǥϰ, "setpci"  ϵ
  ̽ ڿ Ҵ   Ѵ. setpci ֿ ũƮ Ǵ
   ϰ ִ ̴.  ̰ ̿ϱ⿡ PCI 
  ͸ ϰ ϰ  ʿ䰡 ,   ؼ, 
   setpci ޴󿡼 ڼϰ Ǿ  ʴ.

  5.6.  Linux PnP   Ŀ ġϿ ֽÿ.

  David Howells  "Linux Kernel Configuration/Resource Manager" 
  Ҹ. Linux Ŀ PnP  ϱ  ġ ۼߴ.
  ("Hardware Configuration Manager"  Ҹ ͵ ִ ). 1999 ⸻
   ,  ġ  κ Լ  . Ƹ ,
  ֱ   Ŀڿ  ؼ   ִ ġ  ̴.

   ġ ؼ, ġ Ͽ  Ŀ Ǿ ִٰ
  ڴ  ϰ ־, װ   Ǿ ִ.  ġ ,
  ø Ʈ ϴ  ϴ serial.txt   ߰Ǿ
  ִ.   ġ ϸ /proc 丮 ϡ .  ̵
  Ͽ  Ȳ ϰ, ̵ Ͽ ɾ  Ϳ  
   ٲٴ ͵   ִ. ׷,   Ѱ ִ.  ̽
  ̹ ټ  ġ ϰ  ʱ ,   ϱ
  ؼ ݱ   ϵ  ؾ߸Ѵ.   ġ
  WWW  www.astarte.free-online.co.uk <http://www.astarte.free-
  online.co.uk>̴.

  5.7.  Windows   

  Windows9x (Ǵ  Windows 2k) Linux   PC  , ܼ
  Windows ؼ PnP  Ͻÿ.  , Windows(Ǵ DOS)κ
  Linux  Ѵ. Windows PCI ̽ ͷκ IRQ  
     ǰ ִ.  쿡 Linux 0  IRQ Ǿٰ
   Ѵ. ,  й    𸥴.

  5.8.  ̽ ̹  

   ̹, PnP   ϵ   ڿ
  , ̰  ̹ Ǵ ̽  Ѱ ̴.
  ̹   , ̹ иϰ  ˰ Ƿ,
  ڴ   ̹ ˸ ʿ .

    ݵǴ   ߺ̴.   θ ̹
  Ű  ƴ. ׸, ̹ ٸ ̽ ʿ ϰ
  ִ  ڿ  ç 𸥴. ̰Ϳ   
  ϰ , PnP  Linux Ŀ ϴ    
  ̴. ڼ  ``Linux PnP ɼϰ óؾ   ʿ伺''
   ÿ.

  5.9.  PnP  ϴ Ʈ 

  o  isapnptools  Ȩ  www.roestock.demon.com.uk/isapnptools/
     <http://www.roestock.demon.com.uk/isapnptools/>

  o  Linux Ŀ PnP ġ ϴ ġ www.astarte.free-online.co.uk
     <http://www.astarte.free-online.co.uk>

  o  PnP ̹ Ʈ www.io.com/~cdb/mirrors/lpsg/pnp-linux.html
     <http://www.io.com/~cdb/mirrors/lpsg/pnp-linux.html>

  o  Microsoft   PnP 
     www.microsoft.com/hwdev/respec/pnpspecs.htm
     <http://www.microsoft.com/hwdev/respec/pnpspecs.htm>

  o  : PCI System Architecture, 3rd ed.,  Tom Shanley ,
     MindShare, 1995. PCI   ִ PnP   
     ִ.

  o  : Plug and Play System Architecture,  Tom Shanley,
     MindShare, 1995. ISA  PnP  ڼ ؼ ̴.  PCI
      PnP  ۿ  ʴ .

  o  : Programming Plug and Play,  James Kelsey, 1995. PnP
     BIOS  ϴ α׷ֿ  ڼ ؼ ִ.
     ISA, PCI, PCMCIA  ϰ ִ.

  6.  Tell the Driver the Configuration

  6.1.  Ұ

  ̰ ϴ   ̹  Ѵ. ̹  ؼ
   ̽   Ǵ ϴ   
  ִ .  ״ 쿡,  ڿ Ŀ  hard-code
  recompile  ؾѴ. ̿ ݴǴ ,   ڵ
  , ڴ ƹ͵  ʿ䰡 . ϵ  ڿ
   PnP    .

   ߰ , ڿ  ̹ ְų, Ͽ  ϴ
  ̴. 쿡  󼭴, ̽ ִ  巹  
  ̹ Ž ϴ ͵ ִ. ׷  پ IRQ ϰ,
   IRQ     Ѵ. ̰ ڵ 
  쵵 ׷   쵵 ִ.  ܿ, ̹ PnP 
   ̽    ڿ  ϴ  ,
     ʴ´.    /proc 丮  
  Ͽ Ÿ.

   ڿ Ŀڰ loadable ⿡ Ķͷ   䰡 ִ ͵
  ִ.  ĶͿ ؼ /usr/lib/modules_help/descr.gz
  ÿ. εǴ  , /etc/modules Ķ ÷η  Ǿ
  ִ. 쿡 , ڿ Ķͷμ Ŀڿ ־ 
  ִ. Ķ ʹ lilo.conf Ͽ append="..."  ·  Ѵ.
     Ŀ,  Ŀ Ʈ ڵ忡 ϱ ؼ
  lilo  ؾ߸ Ѵ.

  ̹  ڿ ãƳ    , 
    . ϵ װͿ ϴ ̹ ſ 
  Ƿ, ̹  ڿ ãƳ  ̹ ʿ
  ϴ   Ȯϰ Լϱ ؼ ؾ ҰͿ ؼ, ̹
    ʿ䰡  ̴.  ̹   
  Ʒ  Ѵ.

  6.2.  ø Ʈ ̹: setserial

  ǥ ø Ʈ ̹(Ƽ Ʈ ī带 )  ؼ,
  setserial  ̹  Ѵ. setserial  ,
  Ϸκ  ȴ. ο  setserial /etc/serial.conf
   Ѵ.   seetserial ɾ ܼ ϴ
  Ρǰ, setserial     
  setserial ϵȴ.  serial.conf  , setserial ɾ 
  Ϸκ Ǿ  Ǵ ̴.  ̷  Ǿ
  ִ   ٸ 𸥴.

  setserial ɾ ִ ɼǿ ,  ٸ ΰ 
  ϴ.   ϳ  ̹  ˸ ̴.
   ϳ  ,  巹 ϰ, װ ø Ʈ
    ˷ִ ̴.  巹 ϰ,  Ʈ  
   IRQ ǰ ִ  赵 ϴ. ̹
  ۽ÿ setserial   , IRQ Ž  ʰ,
    𸣴 ǥء IRQ Ҵϴ ͻ̴. ̹
  Ʈ ϴ Ž Ѵ. ڼ  Serial-HOWTO ÿ.

  6.3.   ī ̹

  6.3.1.  OSS-Lite

  I/O 巹, IRQ, DMA ä Ķͷμ ⿡ ˷ְų, Ŀڿ
   ؾ߸ Ѵ. ׷, Ϻ PCI ī ڵ ȴ(Ƹ,
  lspci ɾ ϴ Ϳ    ̴). RedHat
  "sndconfig"  α׷ ޵ǰ ִ.   α׷ ISA PnP
  ī带 ϰ,   ڿ   ε  Ѵ.

  6.3.2.  OSS (Open Sound System)  ALSA

  ̰͵ PnP   ī带 ϰ,  ̹ ð
  ε带 Ѵ. ISA PnP ī ڿ  Ѵ.  ڿ 浹
  ϱ ؼ    ʿ䰡  𸥴. ALSA ̹
  쿡, ISA PnP   ϰ, ϸ isapnptools
  ϴ ͵ ϴ.

  7.    ˱ ؼ?

  ⼭   PnP  ڿ(巹, IRQ, DMA) Ҵ
  ̴.  ̽   Ǿ ִ°?  ,
  ̽ ̽ ̹ ο  ̴.  κ 
   Ͽ Ѵ.

  1. ̽ ̹ Ʈ   Ǿ ִ°?  (,
     ̹ ϵ   ǰ ִٰ ϰ ִ°?)

  2. ̽ ü   ǰ ִ°?

     翬, ̽ ϵ  ̹  ƾ߸ Ѵ.
     (׸ κ ).   ʴ , 򰡿
      ٸ ִ ̴.  ,  ϵ  ؼ
     ̹  ִ   ߸Ǿٴ ̴. ̰ 
     Ų. ϴ Ʈ  Ʋ    
     (Ǵ ٸ    ), ϵ ̽ 
     ̹   ǰ ִ   ʿ䰡 ִ. Linux
     ̽ ̹   ǥѴ١쵵 ,
     ϵ  ϴ     𸥴.

  ̰Ͱ ٸ  ִ. , ȭ鿡   ޼ ǥ Ǿ
  , ̰ ̽ ̹ ΰ, ̽ ϵǼ ΰ,
  Ȥ    иġ ʴ 찡 ִٴ ̴.  ̽
  ̹  , ϵ ̰Ͱ   Ǿִ
  ̽ ̹ Ȯϰ ִٸ, ̹ ϴ 
  ϵ ̹   Ǿ ִ ̴.

  ׷ ̰  ʴ Ϻ ̹,  Ȯϰ  
   ޾Ƶ 𸥴.  , "setserial"  Ȯε 
   ޾ δ.  (  ڿ ϵ  쿡
  ־). ̿Ͱ "setserial"  ǥϴ  ̹
  ̰, ϵ   ǥ ʴ´.

  7.1.  Boot-time Messages

    Ϻδ, ǻ͸   BIOS ޼, Linux 
  ޼  ˼ ִ. ̵ ޼  ð ʹ 
    찡 , ޼  ڿ Shift- PageUp 
    ޼ ũѹų  ִ.  forwardϷ Shift-
  PageDown Ѵ.  ɾμ "dmesg"  Էϸ, Linux Ŀ
  ޼  ǥ   ִ.  ׷, (BIOS ޼ )ſ
  ߿ ޼ Ÿ ʴ ͵ ִ. Linux  ޼,
  ̽   ˰ ִ  ǥϴ ̴.  
  Ȥ ,  ִ  Ϸκ  ϼ ִ.

  BIOSκ ޼   ϵ  ǥ, PnP OS,
  isapnp, PCI Utilities  Ŀ    ִ.  BIOS
  ޼ ʿ, Linux ޼ٵ տ ǥõȴ.  ں Shift-
  PageUp  ޼ д  ſ, "Pause" Ű  ޼
   ߴ  õ ÿ.  Ű  ٽ 
  Ѵ. ׷, Linux κ ޼ µǱ ϸ, "Pause"
  Ű  ̻   . "Pause" Ű Linux κ ޼ 
    ̴.

  7.2.  ̽ ̹  ǰ ִ°?

  Ŀ ο Ͽ (ø Ʈ "setserial"  ó), 
  ǥϴ α׷  𸥴. /proc 丮 Ʈ  ϴ.
  /proc/ioports ̹ ϰ ִ I/O 巹 ǥ Ѵ.
  (Ȥ, 巹  ִ üũѴ). ̰  ϵ
  I/O 巹 ϴ    .

  /proc/interrupts    ͷƮ ǥ Ѵ. ̹
  ҴǾ ִ ͷƮ ټ,      
  ǥõ ʴ´.    floppy ̺꿡 floppy disk  ־
     ִ ° ǰ ־,  ǰ 
   ͷƮ ǥõ ʴ´.  ݺ, ⿡ ǥõǴ ,
  ͷƮ ϵ  Ѵٴ  ƴϴ. ϵ 
  ʴ  ˼ ִ ,  ͷƮ ߻ Ư ͷƮ 0
   Ѵ.  ׷ ͷƮ  ߻Ǿٰ Ÿ
  ־,  ͷƮ  ̽󿡼 Ͼٴ  . 
   ƴ ̽󿡼 Ͼ  𸣰, (Ŀ
  )Ǵ   ̽,   ͷƮ
   𸥴.

  7.3.  ϵ ̽  ǰ ִ°?

  "lspci" ɾ , PCI  ̽   ڿ
  Ҵ ϴ  ϴ.  2.2   Ŀڿ,
  /proc/pci  /proc/bus/pci   Ͻÿ.  /proc/pci IRQ 16
  ǥ ǥõǴ Ϳ  Ͻÿ. /proc/bus/pci/devices  ص
  ؼ  ʿ .  "lspci"   ش .

  ISA  쿡 pnpdump --dumpregs Ϸ  ,
  ̰ Ȯ  ƴϰ,  Ǵܵϱ  𸥴.  
  pnpdump  ãƳ read-port 巹  ̽ ãƳ I/O
  巹 ȥ  ּ. ̰͵   ƴϴ.  ISA
  (Ȥ  PnP ) ߰ߵ ʴ ϵ Ϸ,
  "scanport" α׷  ÿ. ׷,  PC  ϴٴ Ϳ
  սô. , ̰ IRQ ǥ  Ÿ ϰ, Ȯϰ
  ϵ νϴ ͵ ƴϴ.

  BIOS ۽ÿ ϴ ޼ , ϵ   Ǿ
  ִ   ִ. BIOS  ñ ִٸ, ̰  
  ̾ Ѵ. Linux ۽ÿ, ̹, ϵ  Ȯ
  (׸  IRQ DMA  ǰ  װ͵ Ȯ) ޼ 
  Ѵ. , ̽ ٸ ϰ , ̽ ̹ 
   ϴ.

  8.  η

  8.1.  巹

  巹 3  Ÿ,   ޸ 巹, I/O 巹, 
  巹 ִ. PCI ,  巹 I/O 巹 
  ٸ 巹   Ѵ.   ISA  巹 츦
  ϰ,  巹 ޸ 巹, I/O 巹, 
  巹  ִ,  ٸ (traces) п  ؼ
  ȴ.

  8.1.1.  ISA   巹 (Read-Port)

  ISA  ,   巹  , CPU  PnP
  ī PnP  Ϳ ＼ϱ  Ư  ִ.  
   ؼ, 3  @ I/O 巹 ҴǾ ִ. ׷, 
  ī忡 3 巹 ҴǾٴ  ƴ϶,  ī忡 3 
  巹  Ѵ.

  3  巹 ̸,  read-port, write-port, address-port ̴.
   Ʈ  Ȯ  1 Ʈ̴. PnP ī  ͸
    ֱ ,   3  巹 ī 1 ź
  Ϳ   ͵   ʴ. Ư ī  ϱ
  ؼ, Ư ҴǾ ī ȣ(ڵ) write-port 巹
    ī忡 . ׷,  ڵ  ī常  °
  ȴ. ( ī)  巹 Ʈ
  (巹 Ʈ  ī尡 Ǿ ,  Ʈ ø
  ϰ ִ  1 ̴). ׷ ,   ī  
    ϳ Ͼ. ̰  read-portκ о ų,  write-
  port ⿡   .

  write-port 巹 ݵ  A79, 巹 Ʈ 巹
  ݵ 279̴(16 ). ׷,  read-port Ʈ 巹 
  ƴϸ,    ISA ī ġ ʴٰ Ǵ 巹 
  α׷ Ѵ.  巹 ģ  ȴ.  read-port
  巹 ,   PnP ī带 α׷Ѵ١° ϴ.
  ׷ ,  isapnp     üũ ϴ 쿡,
    read-port 巹    ȴ.

  8.1.2.  巹 

   巹 ܾ 巹 ϰ ִ 
  Ű   Ǿ. 巹 Ʈ  ־Ƿ,
  1  巹  1 Ʈ 뷮ۿ . ׷, I/O( 
  ޸)巹  ̰ͺ ū  ʿϴ. , I/O
  巹  ,  8 Ʈ  Ǵ  ,
  ̽ ҴǾ  ޸ 巹  ̰ͺٵ  
  ĿѴ. ø Ʈ (I/O ̽) 쿡, ̽  I/O
  巹(3F8 ) οϴ  ϴ. ֳϸ,  ̽
   巹  8 Ʈ ۿ   ȭ Ǿ ֱ
  ̴.     巹 ̽巹(base
  address) Ҹ.

  8.1.3.  巹 

  ISA  , I/O 巹 ()޸ 巹 
   ,  巹  ȴ.(巹 Ǵ
  輱  ȴ). ׷, ̽ 巹  Ÿ
  巹 ޸ 巹, I/O 巹  ˼ ?
  Ǵ 󿡴 4    ־,  ̷  ϴ ̴.
  4   Ư Ϳ ȣ 帥 , ̰ CPU I/O 巹
  κ ͸ ϰ ִ Ͱ,  ޸𸮴  
  巹 ϴ  ǹ Ѵ.  3   
   ȴ.  ϰ ϸ, б   
  ޸𸮿 I/O 巹   ؼ Ѵ(  4 ̴).

  PCI  쵵 ⺻   4   , 
     ٸ. , 4   1 ȣ 긮 
  ƴϰ, 4   λ 2  기.(16  հϴ
  ). ̷ ϴ Ϳ ,      ִ. 16  4
      I/O  ޸  ؼ Ѵ. ߰,
   巹  2   Ѵ.  10  ٸ
     ֵ .

  8.1.4.  巹  üũ (ISA ־  I/O 巹 浹 ˻)

  ISA  ,  巹 ϴ ٸ ī尡  
  üũϱ    PnPī忡  Ǿִ .  ī尡 
  I/O 巹  ϰ ,   ī嵵 ٸ  
  ̴. ȿ PnP  α׷ ̷ 浹 Ͼ ʵ
   ڿ Ҵ,  쵵  ִ legacy ī尡 ߺǴ
  巹    𸥴.

   ׽Ʈ, ī尡 ڽ  I/O Ϳ ׽Ʈ ȣ ϴ Ϳ
   .  PnP  α׷ ̰ а,  ׽Ʈ
  ȣ д  ˻ Ѵ. ̰ ٸ 쿡 ΰ  ִ.
  ( , ٸ ī尡  巹 ϰ ִ). ̰ ٸ
  ׽Ʈ ȣ  ׽Ʈ  ݺѴ.  ׽Ʈ δ ī忡
  Ҵ I/O 巹  üũ ϴ   üũ
  Ҹ.  ̰ 巹 浹 ׽Ʈ θ  
  𸥴. 巹 浹  ڿ  ޼ Ƿ,
  ڴ  ̰ ذ   ȴ.

  8.1.5.  ޸𸮸   

  , κ  I/O ̽ CPU    I/O ޸
   Ͽٴ.  , ø Ʈ ̰Ϳ ش Ѵ. CPU
  󿡼 ϰ ִ ̽ ̹, I/O 巹  
  ޸𸮿   б  ⸦ Ѵ.   μ, ̽
    ޸  ͸   ִ. ̰ Ҽ ִ 
  ϳ, ``DMA ä" Ȥ bus mastering ̴̿. ,  ޸
   Ϻθ ̽ Ҵϴ  ִ. ̿  ؼ,
  ̽ Ϻη DMA  bus mastering  ʾƵ  
  ޸𸮿  ⸦   ִ. ̷ ̽ , I/O
  巹   ִ.

  8.2.  ͷƮ --

  ͷƮ      , ̴.  ͷƮ
  ȣ(輱 ),  ̽ ó ʿ  ϰ ִ 
  ͷƮ Ʈѷ Ҹ Ĩ Ѵ. ׷ ͷƮ
  Ʈѷ CPU ȣ .  CPU  ̽  ̹
  ãƳ, ͷƮ  ƾ(Ǵ  ͷƮ ڵ鷯 )
  Ҹ ̹ Ϻκ  Ѵ.  ƾ  
  ϴ ϰ, ̽  ۵  óϷ
  Ѵ.   α׷(ƾ),  Ͼ ؼ ϰ 
    ִ.  ֳϸ, ̹ ڽ ˰ ִ 巹 ,
  ϱ  ͸  ֱ ̴.(̽ IRQ ȣ
  I/O 巹 ٸ Ǿ ִ 쿡) ̵ Ϳ
  ̽     Ǿ ִ. ̹  
   а, ̰ ؼ,  ߻ߴ° ã  
  Ѵ.

  ,  ̽ ̹ ϴ ͷƮ ȣ(IRQ) ˰ 
  ʿ䰡 ִ. PCI ( Ŀ 2.2 Ŀ ISA  ø Ʈ)
   쿡,  ̽   IRQ ȣ ϴ  
  ϴ. ̷ ͷƮ  ߻Ǹ, CPU  ͷƮ ϰ ִ
   ̽ ͷƮ   ƾ  Ѵ.  
  ƾ  ϴ , ͷƮ   ̽  
  Ǵ Ȯϴ ̴. ͷƮ (false alarm)  ƾ
  ϰ,   ƾ  Ѵ. ĵ  ̴.

  8.3.  PCI  ͷƮ

  PCI  ͷƮ ISA ͷƮʹ ٸ ,  IRQ
  mappingǱ ,  κ . ֿ ̴ PCI 
  ͷƮ    ִ ̴.   ڵ .
  , Ư ϵ Ʈ ʿ .  ͷƮ
     ʴٴ  ־, ̰ κ ̽
  ̹ Ʈ  ̴. PCI  ̽ ̹ 
  ͷƮ     ִ  Ǿִ. , 
  ͷƮ PCI   ISA  ϴ      
  Ͻÿ. ׷, ͷƮ ߺǴ ̽ ÿ ϴ 
  , ϰ ͷƮ ϰ ־    ִ.
  ⼭  Ѵ١ , ϰ ִ α׷(C 
  α׷ ǹ̷)̽ ϴ ̴.

  BIOS CMOS ϰų,  PCI ī ۸  Ϸ, ¼
  PCI ͷƮ ýۿ ؼ ڼ  ʿ ̴.   PCI
  ī INTA# κ INTD# (A, B, C, D) 4  ͷƮ 
   ִ. ,  7 ִ ýۿ 7 x 4 = 28  ͷƮ
      ȴ.׷, 翡 ͷƮ  
  ̰ͺ  ٰ Ǿ ִ . , ͷƮ  
  Ƿ, ̰ ״  ʴ´. ⼭, ̰͵  (輱
  traces) W, X, Y, Z  θ. ,  3 κ ͷƮ B
  ͷƮ 3B Ѵ. ׷,   W   ͷƮ 1A, 2B, 3C, 4D,
  5A, 6B, 7C   ִ. ,  W    1A, 2B 
  ϴ μ  Ѵ. ,   X   ͷƮ 1B, 2C,
  3D, 4A, 5B, 6C, 7D   ִ. ׸, ۽ÿ BIOS W, X, Y,
  Z IRQ  map Ѵ.   BIOS,   ̽ map IRQ
   ̽ ϵ Ϳ  Ŀ, ̽ Ǹ ϴ
    ̽ ϴ IRQ    ִ.

  PCI 翡,  ޵ 輱 W, X, Y, Z  INTA#, INTB#, INTC#,
  INTD#   پ ִ. ׷,    ȥϱ .
  ֳϸ, ԰ PCI   ʿ ָϰ ִ   INTA# 
  ǹ̰ ΰ ٲ ̴.    3C X  ʵǰ ִ
  ,  3 INTC#  PCI  INTA# (X)  輱ǰ ִٰ ϴ
  ̴. ȥϱ  ̴.

  ʿ  ٸ͵ ִ. PCI Կ,   ͷƮκ
  ؾ Ѵ. ,  1ۿ ͷƮ  ʴ´ٸ,
  ͷƮ INTA# ̾߸ Ѵ. ͷƮ 2 Ѵٸ , INTA# 
  INTB# ̾ Ѵ. ĵ . Գ ī ̽ 8 
    , PCI ͷƮ Ҵ  4 ۿ . ͷƮ
    ֱ , ̰  , 8   ̽
   ͷƮ   ִ. ̽ PCI ͷƮ ڴ,
  μ ̽ ϵ ἱǰ ִ ͵  ִ.

  BIOS  ISA  Ǿ ִ IRQ(ͷƮ) 浹 ʵ, PCI
   IRQ  ҴѴ. CMOS BIOS ޴ ڰ IRQ PCI 
  Ҵϴ ͵  ִ. (׷, ̰  ʴٴ  ̹
  Ǿ.)  IRQ mapping  Ŀ, Windows PCI ī 
  IRQ  0    쵵 ִ. , Windows 
  ϰ ִ  Windows Linux  , Linux 
  IRQ 0  Ʋ   쵵 ִ.

    PCI IRQ(ISA ) ϰ ֱ  ʴ 
    𸥴. ׷, װ ٸ ƴϴ. ISA ͷƮ
  Ĩ CPU  ϰ ִ 輱  Ƿ, ٷ  CPU 
  ȣ   ִ. ISA 巹   ȣ PCI 
   CPU   , IRQ ͷƮ ȣ κ  CPU 
  .

  8.4.  Isolation

  Isolation ISA    ִ. ̰ ISA   PnP
  ̽ Ͻ ڵ(ID ȣǴ ī  ȣ(Card Select
  Number, CSN)) Ҵϱ   ̴. ̰ͺٵ ȿ
   (׷,  ϴ) Ƿ, װ ܼ ̶
    ִ.  Isolation, ø ϰ ִ   PnP
  ̽ PnP  ؼ,  巹 1 ȴ.  
  巹,   PnP ̽  ڵ  (ҴѴ.
  ) ȴ.  ڵ Ҵ, ڵ  巹
  () ̽ 1 ϰ ִ   ʿϴ.
    PnP ̽ Isolation ó ϴ  ø ȣ
   ִ . Isolation  Ӱ ϴ.  ̰,   PnP
  ̽ Ǿ ִ  1   輱 Isolation
  α׷  ִ    Ѵ.

  ӡ  忡,   PnP ̽   ϰ,
   Ʈ ÿ . Ǵ Ʈ 1 (positive
  voltage)Ǵ   "open 0"  (open circuit or tri-state) 
  ̴. ؼ,   PnP ̽   ø ȣ
  Ʈ  Ʈκ  Ѵ.  ̽ 1 ,
  ӵǾ ִ ٸ ̽   1 ޴´.  ̽  "open
  0"   ,  Ǿִ ̽ ƹ͵  ʴ´. 
  , ( 尡 ɶ )  ø ȣ 
   ̿  ϴ ̴.  Ѵ١ ,  ̽
   巹 ø ׸, ӿ ̰  ִ 
  ̽  巹 ø Ѵٴ ̴. ̰  "dropping
  out"  Ѵ. (ø ȣ ̴  ٴ  
  ֽÿ. )

  ,  ڵ ް   ̽ ΰ ó 輱 
  øȣ   Ʈ ؼ  .   PnP ̽
  0 (open 0) ´µ 1   , ̰ ٸ  PnP ̽ 
   ø ȣ  ִٴ ̴. ,  ̽ 
  κ Ͻ Żϰ,  尡   Ʈ
     ȴ. (尡   ,   ū ø
  ȣ  ִ ̽ ڵ ҴǾ.)   , ӿ
   ִ ̽    Ʈ(1)  ִ.  ׷, 
   ӵǴ ڸ ϰ 䱸 "stripped serial number"
   ϸ  ̴.  Ŀ  ܶ  η ƿ,
  ø ȣ ü   ݺѴ(  0  쿡
  ؼ Ʒ  ֽÿ).

    ø ȣ κ ŵ ʴ  иϴ.
  ׷, (ջ ͵ )ø ȣ  ڸ  0
  ̾     ΰ ?  쿡 open 0 輱
  ,  ̽ ӿ ߴ ״ ȴ.  ̽
   ڸ 0 ̶ ºΰ ǰ,  ܶ 1  Ͱ
   0 Ѵ.  ׸  ӵǰ, (ø ȣ)
  ڸ .

  尡 ( ̽  ִ  ø ȣ  Ʈ
    Ŀ ),   ø ȣ  PnP ̽ 1 
  ´.  ̽ ڵ ҴǾ,  Ĵ   
   . ׸,   ߿ Ż( ڵ ҴǾ
  ) ̽ ӿ ٽ ϰ, 1  ̽ 
  ο 带 Ѵ. ̿     PnP ̽ ڵ
  ҴѴ.  ˰ ٸ ϴ   ϰ   ִ.

    ҴǾ ڵ  PnP ̽ Ű ؼ ǰ,
  PnP   ̽   ȯ ȴ.  ڵ PnP  
  θ ϴ ̰, PnP ̽   ſ 
  ʴ   Ͻÿ. ǻ ۽ÿ ڵ  ǵǹǷ, PC
    PnP BIOS isolation ó Ѵ.

  ̻

