  Linux PPP HOWTO

  Robert Hart, hartr@interweft.com.au
  v3.0, 31 March 1997

      PC  PPP   ϴ,  ΰ
   Ͽ PPP  ϴ ׸  ڽ PPP ν 
  ȰҰ ٷ.  PPP ῡ  ߸  ġ
  ̴ٰ.
  ______________________________________________________________________

   

  1.      Ұ

  1.1.    Ŭ̾Ʈ  

  1.2.      

  1.3.      PPP ġ 

  2.      IP ּ

  3.        ǥ

  3.1.    PPP Ŭ̾Ʈ  

  3.2.    PPP Ἥ  ,  ͳ ձ

  3.3.    PPP 

  3.4.       ῡ PPP

  3.5.        ͵...

  4.      밡 α׷ 

  5.      ٸ /߿ 

  5.1.      ϸ Ʈ

  6.      PPP Ŭ̾Ʈ  ۵Ű  ؾ Ϳ 

  6.1.    α׷ ޱ/

  6.2.    PPP Ŀο  ֱ

  6.3.    ͳ  ü  ޱ

  6.4.    𵩰  Ʈ 

  6.5.    ̸ ּȯ (DNS) 

  6.6.    PPP Ʈ 

  6.7.     PPP  ˻ PPP û 

  6.8.    PPP  PAP(йȣ  )  

  6.9.     PPP ϱ

  6.10.   PPP  ڵȭ

  6.11.   

  6.12.     

  6.13.    ڿ

  6.14.    IP   ǥ IP 񽺿 

  7.       Ŀ 

  7.1.     Ŀ ҽ 

  7.2.    ϵ ˱

  7.3.    Ŀ  -  1.2.13 Ŀ

  7.4.    Ŀ  -  1.3.x 2.0.x Ŀ

  7.5.    PPP-2.2 /proc/net/dev   

  7.6.    PPP  Ϲ Ŀ  ؾ  

  8.      PPP    

  9.      𵩰   

  9.1.     Ʈ ӵ ɷ¿  

  9.2.     Ʈ ̸

  9.3.     

  9.4.     帧 

  9.5.     ȭɱ 

  10.     ̸ ּ ؼ(DNS) 

  10.1.   /etc/resolv.conf 

  10.2.   /etc/host.conf 

  11.     PPP  Ʈ Ư

  12.     PPP   

  12.1.    û  

  12.2.    û  ϳ?(PAP/CHAP ƴ )

  13.     PPP  PAP(йȣ  )  

  13.1.   MSCHAP  

  13.2.   PAP/CHAP  

  13.3.   PAP  

  13.4.   CHAP  

  13.5.    PAP-  ٷ

  14.      PPP  ϱ

  15.      ڵȭ -  ũƮ ۼ

  15.1.    ̸/ йȣ    ũƮ

  15.2.   ppp-on ũƮ

  15.3.    PPP  ũƮ  

  15.3.1. ppp-on ũƮ

  15.3.2. ppp-on-dialer ũƮ

  15.4.   Chat ũƮ ϴ ...

  15.4.1. PPP  ϱ

  15.5.   PAP/CHAP   chat ũƮ

  15.6.   pppd   option_file  û

  16.      ũƮ 

  17.     PPP  

  18.      

  18.1.   PPP  Ŀο  ־µ...

  18.1.1. ùٸ Ŀη ߴ?

  18.1.2. ppp Ŀ   ߴ°?

  18.1.3. Ŀο ´ PPP   ִ°?

  18.1.4. Ʈ Ư pppd ϰ ִ°?

  18.2.    Ǿµ ppp  

  18.3.   ý α Ͽ  "serial line is not 8bit
  clean..." µ?

  18.3.1.  Ȯϰ α  

  18.3.2.  PPP  ʾҴ.

  18.3.3.  PPP  ϴµ ʹ 

  18.4.   ⺻ Ʈ  ʾҴ.

  18.5.   ٸ 

  19.     ü        ִ 

  20.     ϴ    

  20.1.    PPP  ̻   .

  20.2.   ڿ   ִµ   

  20.3.    ٸ    finger, WWW, gopher, talk Ÿ
     °?

  21.      IP ּҸ  ͳ  

  21.1.   ڿ 

  21.2.      

  22.     PPP Ἥ  Ʈũ ϱ

  22.1.   IP ּ 

  22.2.   Ʈ 

  22.3.   Ʈũ 

  23.      Ŀ - /etc/ppp/ip-up ũƮ

  23.1.   Ư Ʈ

  23.2.    ť ٷ

  23.3.   /etc/ppp/ip-up  ũƮ

  23.4.   ڿ ٷ

  24.     /etc/ppp/ip-down  

  25.       Ʈ

  25.1.   ȿ  

  26.     PPP  

  26.1.   Ŀ 

  26.2.    ýۿ  

  26.3.   α׷ Բ ޱ

  26.4.   ǥ ( ) ȭɱ 

  26.5.   PPP û  

  26.6.   ڵ ()   ֵ pppd ϱ

  26.7.   pppd   

  27.      ( )  ̿ PPP 
  ______________________________________________________________________

  ۱

    GPL(GNU Public License)  ȿ ȴ.

  Ҽ ִ°

  comp.os.linux.answes ׷쿡 ֽ  Ҽ ִ. html 
  ҷ Ʒ ϶.

  o  Linux Howto Index <http://sunsite.unc.edu/mdw/linux.html#howto>

  o  PPP-HOWTO <http://www.interweft.com.au/other/ppp-howto/ppp-
     howto.html>

  ٸ (SGML, ASCII, postscript, DVI)  Ascii, Html 
    <ftp://sunsite.unc.edu/pub/Linux/docs/HOWTO/other-
  formats>  Ҽ ִ.

  sunsite.unc.edu    ϰ ɸ ִ. ظϸ  
  ̷ Ʈ ̿϶.
   

      غϴµ  ־. Al Longyear  PPP
  ü Ͽ ˷ֽŵ  Ư Ѵ. (׷  
  ߸ ִٸ  ߸  ߸ ƴϴ.) Greg Hankins (
  Ͽ ü ) Debi Tackett (MaximumAcces s.c om)Դ
   ǳ  , , ǥ Ȯ     
    ֽŵ  Ư Ѵ.

  , ڿ  ּ û  е鲲 帰. 
  Ͽ ڵ , ִµ   ޴ ̰,
  װɷ ϴ.  Ͽ ν - ٸ  ڵ - 
  츮  ü  س 鿡  
  ̳  ̴.

  1.  Ұ

     (PPP:the Point to Point Protocol)   -
    (  ̺ )  ̴-, ڳ  
  Ȥ 𵩰 ȭ  ( ISDN  ȸ 
  쵵) 󿡼 ͳ (IP: the Internet Protocol) ٸ
  Ʈũ   ۵Ű ̴.

  PPP   PC PPP  Ű   
  Ʈũ   ó  Ʈũ ҽ   ִ.

    PC PPP ؼ ٸ ǻͿ  ǻͿ
  ȭ    PC Ʈũ ҽ   ְ   ִ.

  PPP  ü ŭ,    PC PPP Ἥ ΰ
  Ʈũ ϰ (Ȥ  Ʈũ ͳݿ )
  Ʈũ(WAN)   ִ.

  PPP ̴  Ŀٶ   ϳ  ӵ̴ - ǥ ̴
   ̷  ִ 10Mbs(ʴ Ʈ-Mega)ε Ƴα
   ӵ 56kbs(ʴ õƮ-kilo) ö󰣴.

   PPP    ,  α׷  뿡
  ణ    ִ.

  1.1.  Ŭ̾Ʈ  

  PPP  ̴; (δ) ȭϴ 質 ȭ޴
  質 ̰ .  Ȯ 鿡  Ŭ̾Ʈ  
   ϴ  ϴ.

  PPP ϱ   ҷ ȭ ɰ  , ȭŴ 
  Ŭ̾Ʈ ̰ ȭ޴  ̴.

     PPP 󿡼 ȭް ٷ  ֵ ϴ ,
  PPP  ϴ ̴.

    PC PPP Ŭ̾Ʈ    ִ. -Ѱ ̻
   Ʈ(׸ ʿϴٸ 𵩵)  ִٸ  ÿ
  ϴ. ̹   ó, Ŭ̾Ʈ   ̿ PPP
   ϴ   ƹ  ̰ .

    ȭɱ⸦ ʱȭϴ 踦 Ŭ̾Ʈ ̶
  ϰ, ȭ ϰ  ȭû   ˻ϴ
  ( ̸ йȣ   ) 
  Ѵ..

  Ŭ̾Ʈ μ PPP Ἥ ͳ   ġ ִ ϳ Ȥ
   ̻ 迡 ϴ  Ƹ κ  ִ  
  ϳ ̴. - ̰  PC Ŭ̾Ʈ  ϴ ̴.

      ͳ  ϰ ڵȭϵ 
  ̴.

      PC PPP  ϵ ȳϸ ΰ
  Ʈũ PPP Ἥ ( ϰ)  ϵ ȳѴ.(
  ̰ Ʈũ -WAN:wide area network-̶ Ѵ).

  1.2.    

    ̿  ̰   ó  
  Ư¡ ִ.

  Ư ( н) ǻ , ̽  
  ΰ ٸ  ִ.

  װ BSD ʱȭ System V ü ʱȭ̴. н ׷쿡
  ôٸ   迭 ڵ  ̰ Ǵ  
  ̴. ̷  Ѵٸ,  ߰ſ ￡  .

   θ   ̴.

  o   
     BSD 迭 ʱȭ .

  o   (׸   Į)
     SysV 迭 ʱȭ .(  ̱ )

  o  
     SysV 迭 ʱȭ .

  BSD  ʱȭ  ʱȭ  /etc/... ־θ 
  ϵ  :-

  ______________________________________________________________________
          /etc/rc
          /etc/rc.local
          /etc/rc.serial
                  (׸ ٸ ϵ  ̴)
  ______________________________________________________________________

  ֱٿ  BSD ü ʱȭ   /etc ִ 
  /etc/rc.d... 丮    ϰ ִ.

  System V ʱȭ /etc/... Ǵ /etc/rc.d/...  丮  Ʒ
  ִ  ε丮 ȿ ʱȭ  д:-

  ______________________________________________________________________
  drwxr-xr-x   2 root     root         1024 Jul  6 15:12 init.d
  -rwxr-xr-x   1 root     root         1776 Feb  9 05:01 rc
  -rwxr-xr-x   1 root     root          820 Jan  2  1996 rc.local
  -rwxr-xr-x   1 root     root         2567 Jul  5 20:30 rc.sysinit
  drwxr-xr-x   2 root     root         1024 Jul  6 15:12 rc0.d
  drwxr-xr-x   2 root     root         1024 Jul  6 15:12 rc1.d
  drwxr-xr-x   2 root     root         1024 Jul  6 15:12 rc2.d
  drwxr-xr-x   2 root     root         1024 Jul 18 18:07 rc3.d
  drwxr-xr-x   2 root     root         1024 May 27  1995 rc4.d
  drwxr-xr-x   2 root     root         1024 Jul  6 15:12 rc5.d
  drwxr-xr-x   2 root     root         1024 Jul  6 15:12 rc6.d
  ______________________________________________________________________

   ̴ ̽  Ʈũ    
  ñ ,  ϵ      ϴ ɵ ִ 
  ã  ְ ȴ.

  1.3.    PPP ġ 

   ġ(   ް Į) X  PPP ȭɱ
  ü谡 ִ.  ¿ų ̷   PPP 
  ؼ  ʴ´. ű⿡  ִٸ ڿ 
  !

   Red Hat 4.x ڰ  ҽ µ Red Hat PPP-TIP
  <http://www.interweft.com.au> ְ Red Hat Software
  <http://www.redhat.com>    ִ.

  2.  IP ּ

  ͳ   ġ   IP ּҸ Եȴ. ̰
   󸶴   ش.

  óƮũ() ͳݿ Ǿ ִٸ ݵ 
  óƮũ ǻͿ ġ ҴǾ ִ Ʈũ   IP
  ּҸ Ѵ. ,  IP ּҸ ޾ٰ (ͳݿ
  ̰)   ȵȴ. ־  ƿ ۵  'ģ'
  IP ּҸ    IP ּҸ  ִ ǻͿ 
   ڸ ū ȥ¿  ȴ.

    ü  ִ IP ּҴ ͳݿ   
  Ʈũ ǵ  'ʴ Ʈũ ּ'̺
  Դٴ Ϳ ϶.(Ϻ ܴ ִ.)

  Ư ͳݿ  ʴ  IP ּҰ ִ.  :-

  o  A  ϳ
     10.0.0.0 (netmask 255.0.0.0)

  o  B  16
     172.16.0.0 - 172.31.0.0 (netmask 255.255.0.0)

  o  C  256
     192.168.0.0 - 192.168.255.0 (netmask 255.255.255.0)

  ڱ⳪ åִ  Ҵ IP ּҰ ٸ  Ʈũ
  ּҴ   Ѵ. (krnic ...)

   ּҴ ͳݿ   ʴ´.

  , ͳݿ Ǿ ִ  ̴ݿ   ִ. ֳϸ
  IP ּҰ ־  ǻͰ ƴ϶ Ʈũ ̽
  ̴.   ̴ ̽ 10.0.0.1 ٰ ϰ,
  PPP Ἥ ͳݿ  , PPP ̽  
  ٸ(ȿ) IP ּҸ ް ȴ.

    鼭  ipfwadm α׷ IP ޽Ŀ̵
  (NAT:Network address Translation ˷) ϸ ̴ݿ
  ִ 谡 ȿ IP ּҸ   ʴ 쿡 ( 
   )  ͳݿ ų  ִ.

  ̰Ϳ     ˰  IP Masquerade mini-HOWTO
  ȴ. Linux IP Masquerade mini HOWTO
  <http://sunsite.unc.edu/mdw/HOWTO/mini/IP-Masquerade> ִ.

  κ , ׷ϱ ͳ  (ISP:Internet Service
  Provider  ͳ  ü) PPP  ϴ   IP
  ּ( Ȯϰ Ѵٸ Ʈũ ּ)  ʾƵ ȴ.

    ͳݿ Űڴٰ ϸ,  ͳ  ü
   IP ּ    Ʈũ(Ư IP ּ )
  ְ ȴ.  IP ޽Ŀ̵带 .

  ϳ PC ͳ  ü  ͳݿ Ϸ ڸ
  ؼ ͳ  ü IP ּ Ҵ Ѵ. ̰
   Ϻημ,   PPP񽺿   ʿٰ 
  ֱ  ϰ  PPP ̽ ˷ִ ̴.  ּҴ
  ͳ  ü   ޶ ȴ.

   IP ּҷδ    IP ּҸ   .̰
  sendmail, ftpd, httpd     α׷ õȴ. ̷
  񽺵 ̷ 񽺸 ϴ ǻͰ ׻  IP ּҷ 
   ִٴ  ϰ ֱ ̴. (ƴϸ ּ  ڰ
    ̸ - FQDN : Fully Qualified Domain Name -  ϰ,
  ̸ IP ּҷ ٲִ DNS  밡  Ѵ.)

   IP ּ Ҵ    ѿ ؼ (׸
   ۾  ؼ)  ڿ ٷ ȴ.

  3.    ǥ

  3.1.  PPP Ŭ̾Ʈ  

     PPP  PPP ϰ PPP Ἥ IP 
  Ϸ ϴ  ȳѴ. PPP ϵǾ,  迡
  ġǾ ִٰ ϰ ڴ.( ϰ PPP  ϵ
  Ŀ 缳/ϴ  ؼ Ѵ.)

  DIP(SLIP   ǥ ) PPP  µ   ֱ
  , DIP  Ϲ ſ ϴ.    
  PPP Ϸ DIP    ʾҴ.

    ۿ ǥ  PPP α׷ Ѵ.(chat/pppd)

  3.2.  PPP Ἥ  ,  ͳ ձ

    PPP Ἥ ΰ  ϰų,    ͳ
  ϴ (⺻)  Ѵ.

  3.3.  PPP 

     PC PPP ϴ  ȳѴ.(ٸ 
    PC ȭ  PPP    ֵ ϴ 
  Ѵ.)

     PPP  ϴ    ִٴ
  ̴.   Ѱ  ̴. - ̰    PPP
  (  16 ޸) ϴ   ̴.

     Ǵ  ˷     ƴϴ.

  3.4.     ῡ PPP

    ΰ  PC   ̺ ϴµ PPP
      ҰѴ. ٸ ü  ϴ ͵
   ϴ. ׷ Ϸ, ִ ü  
  ؾ Ѵ.

  3.5.      ͵...

  o  PPP daemon α׷ 
      ִ pppd    .

  o    ϰ ϱ(󼼳)
     Serial-HOWTO   Ư ʱȭ ؼ Modem Setup
     Information <http://www.in.net/info/modems/index.html> 
      ϴµ  ȴ.

  o  DIP Ἥ PPP 
      chat  ϱ...

  o  socks IP ޽Ŀ̵ 
      ΰ ü  ̹   ִ.

  o  ڵȭ  ϱ  diald 
     diald  ÿ
  o  EQL Ἥ ΰ  ϳ PPP  ġ

  o   Ư PPP  (Red Hat 4.x Ʈũ   )
        ִ    ÿ.

  o   ð ִ PPP  ڵȭ 
       ÿ

  4.  밡 α׷ 

   Ͽ  1.2.xĿΰ PPP 2.1.2 Ǵ 
  1.3.X/2.0.xĿΰ PPP 2.2  ִٰ Ѵ.

        PPP ֽ   ppp-2.2f̴.
   (ppp-2.3)  ׽Ʈ(beta)̴.

  PPP 2.2.0 Ŀ 1.2.13   ִ. ׷ Ŀ  ʿϴ.
   װ  ɵ ǾǷ  1.2.13 Ŀ
  ڵ ppp-2.2  Ѵ.

   Ư PPP 2.1.2 α׷  Ŀ  2.0.X  
  ٴ  ϶.

     Ŀ 2.0.x    Ἥ  
  ؼ ٷ ʾ ϶. kerneld mini HOWTO Ŀ/
  2.0.x  . (̰  2.0.x ҽ ڸ
  /usr/src/linux/Documentation/... 丮 ִ.).

    ó   ַ  ŭ,  ̶
  ˷  Ŀΰ  PPP   ٶ.

  5.  ٸ /߿ 

  е :-

  o  PPP ü  ;

  o  pppd chad man ;
     (man chat man pppd ɾ    ִ.)

  o   Ʈũ  ȳ(NAG:the Linux Network Adminstration
     Guide);
     The Network Administrators' Guide <http://sunsite.unc.edu/mdw/LDP-
     books/nag-1.0/nag.html> .

  o  Net-2/3 HOWTO;
     Linux NET-2/3-HOWTO
     <http://sunsite.unc.edu/mdw/HOWTO/NET-2-HOWTO.html> .

  o   ҽ ġ  /usr/src/linux/Documentation ġ
      Ŀ ;

  o      -Modem Setup Information
     <http://www.in.net/info/modems/index.html> .

  o  O'Reilly տ  Ǹ н/ å(O'Reilly and
     Associates On-Line Catalogue < http://www.ora.com/> ).
     н/ ó Ѵٸ   ǻ å
     پ( )  ̰͵ !
  o  PPP-FAQ  ̾ ϸ, Linux PPP-FAQ
     <ftp://sunsite.unc.edu/pub/Linux/docs/faqs>   ִ..
     ⿡  PPP () ۵ ʴ ˾Ƴ ־ 
     ִ     .

  o   ǻ ڵ  ִ   å;
      ̷ å ãƺ° .  ߰ 
     ſ  ϴ  ִ. ݸ鿡 (Ϲ) å 
     ʰ ݿǰ Ѵ. Ǹ å (ű⿡ ) ¥
        ְ ó    ǳƮũ 
       ֱ ̴.

   Ϲ   б⸦  The Linux Documentation
  Project Home Page <http://sunsite.unc.edu/mdw/>̴. Ͽ
     ° ġ ̴.

  ̷  ٸ    ʰ  ۸ о PPP   
  ֱ , а ȴٸ  ư     ְ 
  ̴.    ذ   ̴.(ƴϸ ּ
  comp.os.linux  ׷̳  ϸ Ʈ ξ 
      ̴.)

  ̷ ( RFCs  ٸ  ) 
  Ͽ   ִ ͺ ̰߰   Ѵ.

  PPP Ἥ ͳ   Ѵٸ TCP/IP Ʈũ Ŀ 
    ˾ƾ Ѵ.  å ٿ O'Reilly å    
    ̴. "TCP/IP Network Administration" ׸ "Building
  Internet Firewalls" ̴.

  5.1.    ϸ Ʈ

  پ ɷ ڵ      ϸ
  Ʈ(ϸ Ʈ)  ̴.   Ἥ ִ 
  ϰ   ˸ ٶ.

  :  ϸ Ʈ Ư "Ƿ ִ" ڵ 
  ϰų Ư  ٷ. ƹ ĺٰ( ϵ ڱ
    ʴ )      ϸ
  Ʈٰ 'ʺ'   °  ̴.(Ҳ
   ʰ)

  װ ǻ  ʺڵ ̿ؼ ƴ϶, ׷ ϸ
  Ʈ Ư  ̵  Ư  ٷ 
   ̴.

    Ἥ   㰡 ϸ Ʈ ϵ װ
    ߾ ϵ ؾ Ѵ.

   ϸ Ʈ ϱ⿡  Ҵ Linux Mailing List
  Directory <http://summer.snu.ac.kr/~djshin/linux/mail-
  list/index.shtml>̴.

  6.  PPP Ŭ̾Ʈ  ۵Ű  ؾ Ϳ 

     ſ  -    ð ִ!

  ,  忡  ü踦 PPP  Ŭ̾Ʈ μ
  Ű  ؾ߸ ϴ ۿ    Ϸ
  Ѵ.

  6.1.  α׷ ޱ/

   PPP α׷ ߷ȴٸ    ִ.Linux PPP
  
  <ftp://sunsite.unc.edu/pub/Linux/system/Network/serial/ppp/ppp-2.2.0f.tar.gz
  >.

       ֽ  ̴. ·  Ʈ
   ֽ  . (ppp-2.3     
  ̸ Ƹ  ǥ  ̴.)

  PPP ü  ϰ α׷  ȳǾ Ƿ 
  Ͽ ȳ ʴ´!

  6.2.  PPP Ŀο  ֱ

   PPP   κ Ǿִ.

  o  ̹   PPP 

  o  PPP Ŀ 

    ⺻ Ŀ ⿡ PPP Ŀ  , ׷
   ʴ  ִ.

    Ŀο  ޽ شٸ

  ______________________________________________________________________
  PPP Dynamic channel allocation code copyright 1995 Caldera, Inc.
  PPP line discipline registered.
  ______________________________________________________________________

  Ŀο PPP  ϵǾ ִ ̴.

  ڱⰡ  ִ   ̵   Ŀ
  ؼ ڱ ϵ ¿,  ־ ý ҽ    
  ֵ   ̴.   Ŀ  ҿ    
  Ŀ  ѵ Ҹ ϱ  ִ ۰ ϴ
   ٴ  ο δ   .

  `` Ŀ '' 忡 Ŀ Ͽ  ּ 
  Ѵ.

   ڼ  ˰ , Kernal-HOWTO ȴ.The Linux Kernel
  HOWTO <http://sunsite.unc.edu/mdw/HOWTO/Kernel-HOWTO.html> ִ.

  6.3.  ͳ  ü  ޱ

  PPP    ִ    ִ. ͳ 
  ü Ϸ (Ǵ Ʈݿ ϱ    PPP ), PPP
    ۵ϴ   ʿ䰡 ִ.

    ֱ , MS  Ŭ̾Ʈ  ؼ ˰
    ͳ  ü ( PPP Ʈ  )
    ü   ִ.

  ,   ּ ͳ  ü 񽺸  
   ̿ϰ  -    ȯ  ֱ
         ִ.

  ``PPP   ߸ ϴ '' ϱ  PPP 
   ˰ ־ ϴ ׿  ϰ -  ϴ 
  Ѵ.

  6.4.  𵩰  Ʈ 

  PPP  ϰ ְ ڷ ̵ ӵ ,  Ȯϰ
  Ǿ ־ Ѵ.

  ϰ,   Ʈ ǻ͵ Ȯϰ Ǿ Ѵ.

  ``𵩰  Ʈ ''忡 ̿   Ѵ.

  6.5.  ̸ ּȯ (DNS) 

  PPP ϰ PPP  α ڵȭִ Ͽ ٿ
  www.interweft.com.au ̸ IP ּҷ ȯ  ֵ ǻ͸
  ϴ     ְ ̰   ǻͿ
  ϴµ ȴ.   ̴.:-

  o  /etc/resolv.conf

  o  /etc/host.conf

  ``DNS ''忡 ̰ ϴ   Ѵ.

  Ư ͳݿ Ϸ  PC  (Name Server)
  ų ʿ (װ ٶ). ʿ   
  ִ(ͳ  ü Ʈ ִ  )   IP ּ
  ּ Ѱ̴.

  6.6.  PPP Ʈ 

  Ʈũ ġ(PPP ̽ Ʈũ ̽ ϳ.) Ŀ
  ȯ ̺(routing table)  䱸ϴ ٸ PPP  
  ǻ  ̿ PPP    pppd Ʈ Ư ־  
  ִ.

   ``PPP Ʈ Ư'' .

  6.7.   PPP  ˻ PPP û 

  PPP ۵ϱ  ؾ    ȭɱ   ִ.PPP
   Ϻη    忡    ־ ϴ
   ش :-

  ______________________________________________________________________
  /etc/ppp/options
  /etc/ppp/scripts/ppp-on
  /etc/ppp/scripts/ppp-on-dialer
  /etc/ppp/options.tpl
  ______________________________________________________________________

  Ȯ PPP  ϴ     ߰  
  ʿ䰡 ִ. :-

  ______________________________________________________________________
  /etc/ppp/options.ttyXX
  /etc/ppp/ip-up
  /etc/ppp/pap-secrets
  /etc/ppp/chap-secrets
  ______________________________________________________________________

  ٿ, PPP    û    Ȯ 
    ߿ϴ;   忡 ǥ PPP û 
  ̰, ؾ ϴ û   ְ  ̴.

  ڼ  ``PPP  '' .

  6.8.  PPP  PAP(йȣ  )  

   ͳ  ü   PPP  PAP . 
  PAP  䱸 ʴ´ٸ( α  ְ ǥ 
  ̸/йȣ    Ʈ ޴´ٸ PAP  ʴ
  ̴.),   ص ϴ.

    ̸ йȣ Է϶ Ʈ   Է
  ־  αϴ  ޸, PAP  PPP   
  α 䱸 ʴ´.

     PPP   ù° κ  
  (LCP:Link Control Protocol) Ϻημ ȯȴ.

  ``PPP PAP(йȣ  )  ''忡 PAP Ἥ
  PPP   ϴµ ʿ   Ѵ.

  6.9.   PPP ϱ

  ⺻   , ̰  PC  ϰ
  pppd     ̴.(minicom̳ seyon Ἥ)

  `` PPP ϱ'' 忡 ̸ ϴ  ʿ 
   Ѵ.

  6.10.  PPP  ڵȭ

  ϴ    ־ٸ   ڵ  ũƮ
  ѹ ϴ ۾   ִ.

  `` ڵȭ- ũƮ ۼ''忡 chat  Ǹ 
  ʼ ũƮ  PPP  αϴ  ũƮ⿡
   ϰ ִ.

   忡 PAP/CHAP    ũƮ Ӹ ƴ϶ 
  ̸/йȣ  ũƮ Ѵ.

  6.11.  

  ϴ   ۵ߴٸ   ٽ  ʿ䰡 ִ.

  ``PPP  ''忡   ִ.

  6.12.    

    ܹ PPP ۵Űµ   ̴. PPP
   پϰ  ϴµ 䱸ϴ ͵ . ϰ,
  PPP  û  - û׵ ̿  ؼ 
  ƿ ۵ ʴ ͵ ִ.

  α  PPP 񽺸    ٿ 𵩰 
  ȭ    ִ!

  ``ذ''忡  ߻ϴ     ⺻ 
  ְ,    ġ  ˷ش.

  ٸ  忡 ⺻  ̻ ٶ ʴ´. ̾
  ϴ PPP-FAQ        ִ!

  6.13.   ڿ

  ϴ PPP  ۵ϸ(Ư, IP  ۵ϸ),  PPP
  ڵ ũƮ  ۾ ϱ  ũƮ ۼ 
  ִ   Ѵ(Ʈ ڷμ).

  `` ڿ'' /etc/ppp/ip-up   ˷ش. PPP
  ް Ǵ 簡, ڿ ͳ  ü  ްų 
  迡  ٸ ִ ť ڿ   
   ϴ ̴.

  6.14.   IP   ǥ IP 񽺿 

  Ұ ߴ ó,  IP ּҴ  PC ͳ 󿡼
   Ǵ ɷ¿  ģ.

  `` IP   ǥ IP 񽺿 '' (ֿ) 
  Ѱ迡   (  ִٸ) ̰ غϱ    ִ Ϳ
   Ѵ.

  7.   Ŀ 

  PPP   Ŀ PPP ϵ ؾ Ѵ. 
  ҽڵ带   ʴٸ -  ǥ  ü迡
  /usr/src/linux  ִ. -  ҽ ڵ带 ؾ Ѵ.

   丮 Ȯغ -    ġ  Ϻημ
   ڸ ҽ ش(ϰ ε丮).

  ó  ,  Ŀ    . Ŀ ȿ
  PPP ԵǾ      Ÿ.   
  syslog  ų, dmesg |less  Ἥ ȭ鿡  Ÿ
   ִ. Ŀ PPP    Ʒ     ִ.

  ______________________________________________________________________
  PPP Dynamic channel allocation code copyright 1995 Caldera, Inc.
  PPP line discipline registered.
  ______________________________________________________________________

  ( 2.0.x Ŀ ø ).

   Ŀ ҽ sunsite.unc.edu ̷Ʈ ftp  
  ִ.

  7.1.   Ŀ ҽ 

    Ŀ ҽ ϰ µ   Ұ̴. 
   The Linux Kernel HOWTO
  <http://sunsite.unc.edu/mdw/HOWTO/Kernel-HOWTO.html>   ִ.

   Ŀ ϰ Ϸ, Ʈ αؾ Ѵ.

  1. /usr/src丮 ű.
     cd /usr/src

  2. /usr/src/linux  ҽ ̹ ִ ȮѴ.

  3. ҽ   Linux kernel source directory
     <ftp://sunsite.unc.edu/pub/Linux/kernel/v2.0>   ̷
     Ʈ Ѵ.
     Ŀ   ϰ  (1.2.X) Old Linux kernel
     source directory <ftp://sunsite.unc.edu/pub/Linux/kernel/old>
     ã ȴ.

  4.  Ŀ  -   ֽ   ̴. ̰
     ޾ƴٰ /usr/src ־θ ȴ.
     :'tar' Ϲ̴. -  丮   Ǿ
      ̴( Ŀ ҽ tar ó). ̰ 
     -丮 zip ϰ .

  5. ̹   ҽ  ִ ¿ ֽ Ŀη ٲٷ ϸ
      ҽ  Ѵ.  .
     rm -rf /usr/src/linux

  6.    Ἥ  Ǭ.
     tar xzf linux-2.0.XX.tar.gz

  7.  cd /usr/src/linuxؼ README  д´. ⿡  
       ϴ  Ǿ ִ.   д´.(
     ϴ   ϴ    ִ  ð   
       ؼ 纻  ִ  .).

  7.2.  ϵ ˱

  Ŀ ٽ  Ϸ ݵ PC ȿ ִ ī/ġ  
  ˾ƾ߸ Ѵ!!!  ġ ؼ   ؼ  ˾Ƶ־
  Ѵ. (   ī IRQ, I/O ּ )

  7.3.  Ŀ  -  1.2.13 Ŀ

    Ϸ, README  ȳ  ϰ ҽ
  ġؾ Ѵ. Ŀ   ̷ Ѵ.

       make config

  PPP  Ŀ ؼ PPP  ־ Ѵ.(PPP pppd PPP
  Ŀ   䱸Ѵ)

  ______________________________________________________________________
    PPP (point-to-point) support (CONFIG_PPP) [n] y
  ______________________________________________________________________

  ٸ make config û PC ϵ ϴ  ü
  ¿ ° Ѵ. ׷  README   Ŀ ϰ
  ġѴ.

  1.2.13 Ŀ PPPġ װ .   Ʈ ī带 
  Ŀ PPP û ļ   Ʈ  Ѵ. (ؾ 
   뿡  ڼϰ ˰  PPP-2.1.2  
  README.linux .)
  : 1.2.13  ȭâ ڷ ư  Ұϴ. - ׷ϱ
  make config ϴٰ Ǽϸ, CTRL C Էؼ   
  ó ٽ ؾ Ѵ.

  7.4.  Ŀ  -  1.3.x 2.0.x Ŀ

   1.3.x 2.0.x  1.2.13     ִ.
   README  ȳ  Ȯ ҽ ġѴ. Ŀ 
     Ѵ.

       make config

   ̷   ִ.

       make menuconfig

  ̷ ϸ   ּ յڷ ̴  ϸ 򸻵
  ִ ޴  ü谡 ´.

   X   ̽  õѴ.

       make xconfig

  PPP  Ŀο    ְ,    
  ִ.

   谡 ϴ ð  ణ PPP  , PPP 
    ϴ  õѴ. 'kerneld' , PPP  
    PPP  䱸Ǵ  Ŀ ڵ Ѵ. ̰
  밡 ޸  ȮѴ: Ŀ ޸𸮿  
        ڵ ŵȴ.

  ̷ Ϸ    밡ϰ ؾ Ѵ:-

  ______________________________________________________________________
          Enable loadable module support (CONFIG_MODULES) [Y/n/?] y
  ______________________________________________________________________

  PPP  ߰    ؾ Ѵ:-

  ______________________________________________________________________
          PPP (point-to-point) support (CONFIG_PPP) [M/n/y/?]
  ______________________________________________________________________

  PPP   Ϸ M̶ ϰ, PPP Ŀ Ϻη
  Ϸ Y̶ ϸ ȴ.

  1.2.13 Ŀΰ ޸ 2.0.x PPP ġ ʿ ŭ '' ߿ .
  밡 PPP ġ ּҸ ø  ҽ ε ĥ ʿ䰡 
  .

  7.5.  PPP-2.2 /proc/net/dev   

  PPP-2.2  , PPP ġ ' ߿'    μ ȿμ
  pppd ؼ ġ   /proc/net  ƹ
  ġ ã  :-

  ______________________________________________________________________
  [hartr@archenland hartr]$ cat /proc/net/dev
  Inter-|   Receive                  |  Transmit
   face |packets errs drop fifo frame|packets errs drop fifo colls carrier
      lo:  92792    0    0    0    0    92792    0    0    0     0    0
    eth0: 621737   13   13    0   23   501621    0    0    0  1309    0
  ______________________________________________________________________

  ppp 񽺸 ڸ (ppp )     
  ִ.:-

  ______________________________________________________________________
  [root@kepler /root]# cat /proc/net/dev
  Inter-|   Receive                  |  Transmit
   face |packets errs drop fifo frame|packets errs drop fifo colls carrier
      lo: 428021    0    0    0    0   428021    0    0    0     0    0
    eth0:4788257  648  648  319  650  1423836    0    0    0  4623    5
    ppp0:   2103    3    3    0    0     2017    0    0    0     0    0
    ppp1:  10008    0    0    0    0     8782    0    0    0     0    0
    ppp2:    305    0    0    0    0      297    0    0    0     0    0
    ppp3:   6720    7    7    0    0     7498    0    0    0     0    0
    ppp4: 118231  725  725    0    0   117791    0    0    0     0    0
    ppp5:  38915    5    5    0    0    28309    0    0    0     0    0
  ______________________________________________________________________

  7.6.  PPP  Ϲ Ŀ  ؾ  

   PC PPP   , IP  (forwarding) 
   ־ Ѵ.      ͳݿ ų
   ʿϴ.

   ͳݿ ų (Ǵ ΰ  ų ), ȿ 
  ؾ Ѵ. IP ȣ  Ŀο  ִ  ʼ̴!

     '񿬰' IP Ʈũ ּ  ϳ  
  ϱ  IP ޽Ŀ̵    ̰͵  ־
  Ѵ.

  IP ޽Ŀ̵ IP ȣ  ݵ make config 
  ù°  Yes ؾ Ѵ:-

  ______________________________________________________________________
  Prompt for development and/or incomplete code/drivers (CONFIG_EXPERIMENTAL)?
  ______________________________________________________________________

  ó   ̰ ʿϴٰ   , 
  ڵ  ƹ    2.0.XXĿ IP ޽Ŀ̵
  IP ȣ   ִ.

  ϴ Ŀ   Ŀ ٽ ϰ Ǹ, PPP ũ ϰ
  غ  ִ.

  8.  PPP    

   PPP    ֱ    ؾ Ѵ(PPP
   ý ڳ  ׼):-

  o  񽺸 ޱ  ȭȣ
     ܺη ȭ ɾ   ܺ ȭ Ŵ ȣ ˾Ƶ־ Ѵ
     -   ȣ 0 Ǵ 9.

  o   IP ּҸ    ?
       IP ּҸ  쿡 PPP      IP
     ּҸ ˾ƾ Ѵ.  ͳ  ü ȿ ּ 
     ˷־ٸ,   ִ IP ּҿ Ʈũ ũ(netmask)
     ˾ƾ Ѵ.
     κ ͳ  ü  IP ּҸ ش.  
     ó, ̰   ִ     ִ.
       IP ּҸ  ִٰ ص, κ PPP  (
       )  δ Ƿ Ŭ̾Ʈ  IP ּҸ
     ϵ   ʴ´.     ˾ƾѴ!

  o  ͳ  ü  DNS IP ̸ ΰ?
     ϳ ʿ ּ ΰ ̻ ־ Ѵ.
     ⿡    ִ. MS  95 PPP   
     Ϻημ Ŭ̾Ʈ  DNS ּҸ Ѱ  ִ.  ͳ
      ü(Ǵ  ó) DNS  IP ּҰ ʿٰ
     ϰ Ѵ.
      , ּ Ѱ ̻ DNS ּҰ ־ Ѵ. 
     PPP  DNS IP ּҸ  ÿ  ϴ  
     ʴ´ - ׸ ε  ɼ .
     : (PPP Ŭ̾Ʈ μ) DNS ּҸ  
       ,  ۵    pppd û dns-
     addr Ἥ ǳ  ִ.

  o   PAP/CHAP ϴ°?
       ߵǴ "id" "secret" ʿ ̴. (Ƹ
     ͳ  ü ʿ   ̸ йȣ ̴.)

  o   PPP ڵ ϴ, α   PPP
     ϱ   ߸ ϴ°?

  o   MS  NT ý, ׷ٸ MS PAP/CHAP ý
     ?
        ȼ ̱  MS  NT ̷ 
     Ѵ.

     д -  Եȴ!

  9.  𵩰   

    ƴ Ȯϰ   Ʈ Ǿ ˾ƾ
  Ѵ.

   :-

  o  DOS com1: = Linux /dev/cua0 (and /dev/ttyS0)

  o  DOS com2: = Linux /dev/cua1 (and /dev/ttyS1)
      

  Ʈ  װ ˾Ƶδ  . ǥ PC  com1
  cpm3 IRQ4   com2 com4 IRQ3 .

  ǥ  Ʈ 𵩰 IRQ  ġ  쿡 
    ִ.   Ʈ ٸ Ͱ  ʴ IRQ 
  ִ Ȯؾ߸ Ѵ.    ī(׸  Ӵ
  Ʈ)  Ʈ IRQ ű  ְ ش.

   Ŀ 2  , cat /proc/interrupts Էϸ
   IRQ   ִ.   .

  ______________________________________________________________________
   0:    6766283   timer
   1:      91545   keyboard
   2:          0   cascade
   4:     156944 + serial
   7:     101764   WD8013
  10:     134365 + BusLogic BT-958
  13:          1   math error
  15:    3671702 + serial
  ______________________________________________________________________

    IRQ4 Ʈ ϳ ְ(콺) IRQ15
  ϳִ(ͳ PPP ῡ  ̴). (com2, IRQ3
  Ʈ ϳ ְ, com4, IRQ14 ϳ ,  Ƿ
   ʴ´.)

   - IRQ     ϰ ִ ˰ ־ Ѵ! ǻ͸
   ī带  ۸     ƴϸ  IRQ
   ִ ˾ƾ Ѵ.    SCSI  PC  IRQ14
  IRQ15    IDE ̽ Ҵ   ִ.

   PC ٸ ü  쿡 IRQ Ű  ü
  Ȯ õ ʰų -ƿ    ִٴ  ؾ
  Ѵ.

  ǥ IRQ  Ʈ Ű  ,  Ʈ  IRQ 
   ˷ Ѵ. ̰ setserial Ἥ ˷  ְ
  rc.local Ǵ ýV ʱȭ Ϻημ ð ҷ rc.local
  Ǵ rc.serial   ˷  ִ.    
  Ʒ   ȴ.

  ______________________________________________________________________
  /bin/setserial -b /dev/t
  tyS2 IRQ 11
  /bin/setserial -b /dev/ttyS3 IRQ 15
  ______________________________________________________________________

  , kerneld  䱸   Ǵ   
     ѹ IRQ       Ҿ
  ȴ. ֳϸ      Ư  ر
  ̴.

  , ʿ    ϴ ,   
  IRQ ٽ  Ѵ.

  9.1.   Ʈ ӵ ɷ¿  

   ()  (14,400 Baud Ǵ ̻)  ,   
   Ư ͸     ٷ  ִ ɷ 
  Ʈ ־ Ѵ.

  ̰ 16550(A) ֽ  񵿱  (UART: Universal
  Asynchronous Receiver Transmitter) ʿϴ.  (  
  ī)  ,  Ʈ 8250 UART    , ̰
      ɰ  ų  ִ.

    

       setserial -a /dev/ttySx

    ִ UART  ش. 16550A  UART  
      ī带  Ѵ(50 Ͽ   ִ.). 
  ī带   IRQ Ƿ ű  ִ°  Ȯ϶!

  : 16550 UART Ĩ ù   ־.   ݹ ã
  ģ Ĩ ٽ Դ - ̰ 16550A UART.   ּ̱
   Ǿ.   ɼ ſ  Ư  ī忡
      16550A  캻.

  9.2.   Ʈ ̸

    ȭ    cuaXġ  ȭ
    ttySxġ .

  ̰  ʿߴ Ŀ ڵ尡  2.0.x ٲǷ ȭ޴ ̳
   ̳  ttySx   ִ.   Ŀ 
  cuaXġ ̸   ٰ ϰ ִ.

  9.3.   

  PPP   Ȯ  ʿ䰡 ִ - ׷  
  о! κ  PPP ʿ û õǾ ִ 
  ⺻  · õȴ.ؾ Ǵ ּ :-

  o  ϵ 帧 (RTS/CTS) ( ̽ 𵩿 &K3)

  ǥ ̽ ɿ ؾ ϴ   :-

  o  E1 Command/usr/src/linux-2.0.27/include/linux/serial.h Echo ON
     (chat ۿ 䱸)

  o  Q0  ڵ (chat ۿ 䱸)

  o  S0=0 ڵ (ȭ   ޱ⸦   )

  o  &C1     

  o  &S0 Ÿ  غ(DSR: Data set Ready) ׻ 

  o  (  μ) Ÿ ܸ غ(DTR:  Data Terminal Ready)

  پ  ۻ    ٸ   ִ 
  Modem setup information
  <http://www.in.net/info/modems/index.html>̴.   
  ̴.

  ϴ  𵩰 ǻ   ̽ 
  ϴ  ȴ. κ ֽ  ڽŰ  
   ٷ  ִ ִ ӵ ӵ ٲ  ִ ȭ ȸ
  ̽ ϴ   ӵ ϴ  Ѵ.

  ̰  ӵ  ˷ ִ.  ̸   
   ̽ ְӵ ѳ  ִ( 115,200
  baud 14,400 baud   38,400 baud ̴.).

   α׷(minicom̳ seyon) Ἥ   ˾ 
  PPP 䱸Ǵ  Ѵ. κ  AT& V  ָ 
   ,   о  .

  ϴٰ  ƹ   () AT&F  ָ  
   ִ. -   ǵ ش. ( ẻ κ 
   ⺻ PPP ʿ   Ǿ ־. - 
  غ Ѵ)

       ,  ؾ Ѵ:  
    AT  ҷ  ֵ ֹ߼ ޸𸮿 
   ִ. ƴϸ PPP ȭɱ  Ϻημ 𵩿 ùٸ 
  ǳ  ִ.

    ͳ  ü   ȭɱ ؼ
  ٸ,  ֹ߼  ϴ   ϴ.

  ׷ ʰ,   ٸ α׷ ü δٸ
   ȭ  Ȯ ¿   ֵ ȭ  
   ǳִ   ϴ.( ֹ߼  
  Ҿ 쿡    Ű ߰  
  , ׷   Ͼ)

  9.4.   帧 

  Ÿ    ̸ Դٰ , ǻͰ ٷ  ִ
  ͺ   ϴ 찡 ִ.( ǻʹ ٸ  ϴ ٻ
   ִ. -   ,  ۾ ü 
  غ) Ÿ Ҿ (Ÿ Է ۸ 
  ʾҴµ Ҿ ) Ÿ 帧 ϴ  
  ʿϴ.

   ȸ ̰ ϴ  ΰ  ִ.

  o  ϵ ȣ  (  , 䱸ϱ  
     CTS/RTS:Clear To Send/Request to Sendؼ )

  o  Ʈ ȣ  (XON/XOFF ˷ CTRL S, CTRL Q)

  ͹̳ () ῡ ڰ  , PPP ũ 
  Ÿ  8Ʈ. -  Ÿ 򰡿 CTRL S, CTRL Q
  شϴ ڵ带  Ÿ ޵ ɼ ſ ũ. ,
   Ʈ 帧 ϵ Ǿ ִٸ Ʈũ
  ȴ.

  PPP    (8Ʈ Ÿ ) ϵ 帧
  ʼ̰,   ݵ ϵ 帧  Ѵ.

  9.5.   ȭɱ 

   Ʈ   ص ¿ ͳ  ü
  ȭϰ  ν   ¥ ϴ Ȯ  
  .

  ܸ  ü(minicom) Ἥ, PPP ʿ  ʱȭ 
  , ϴ PPP ȭ  PPP  .

  (:  ܰ迡 PPP   ʴ´. -  Ȯ
  ȭȣ  ִ,  αϰ PPP ϱ  
    Ȯ  ˾Ƴ ؼ ȭϴ ̴.)

    ߿, ü α  (Ϸ )ϰų ɽ
  ( ɽ )  ̸ йȣ Էؾ Ѵٰ ˷ֱ
      ִ ƾ Ѵ(׸ PPP 
  ϱ  ʿ ٸ ɵ)

   PAP  , α   ,   
  ( ǥ) ȭ鿡 Ÿ    ̴(ó
  δ).

   :-

  o     ̴:   ̸/йȣ PAP Ἥ
     α  ִ.  ͳ  ü  Ʈ PAP
     ϴµ   ٷ Ⱑ  ʴ´ٰ ؼ  ߸
     ߱ ̶   .

  o      ʱȭ 䱸  ǥ PAP 
     Ѵ.

  o   PPP  ̴ - ȭ Ŭ̾Ʈ  ȿ lcp
     Ŷ    ɾƼ ƹ ͵  ʴ´. 
       ¿   ⸦   !

  o    Ű   PPP  ʴ´ -
      Ȯ αߴµ ⸦   ٸ ѹ Ű
       !

  ι ̻ ȭ    -   α  ( 
  α ð)  ٲ۴. ȭ    Ź ˾Ƴ
  ϴ ʼ   :-

  o   ̸ Է϶ ;

  o  йȣ Է϶ ;

   PPP     Ѵٸ, ϴ α  ppp
  Ѵٰ Է  ִ  ˾Ƶξ Ѵ.

  α  ڵ  PPP ϴ  ȭ  ⸦
    ִ - ̰ PPP    PPP  ϰ 
   ֵ   ̴.

     ̴:-

  ______________________________________________________________________
  ~y}#.!}!}!} }8}!}$}%U}"}&} } } } }%}& ...}'}"}(}"} .~~y}
  ______________________________________________________________________

  (  д.!)

   ýۿ PPP     ִ. ̰ 
  PPP α䰡  α信   ̸ йȣ  
  Ǿ ̴. ̷  α    ־ Ѵ. ٽ
  PPP  ʿ    Ⱚ   ִ.

    (αϰ ʿϴٸ PPP  ۽Ų ) ̰
   Ÿ ʴ´ٸ, Ű  PPP  ϴ ...

     ´. (  OK   +++
   Է  ATHO  ָ ȴ.)

   ۵ų  ٸ,   а  α׷ man
   Serial HOWTO д´! ϴ غ    ٽ
  غ.

  10.  ̸ ּ ؼ(DNS) 

   ǿ ̸ ̱⸦ ϴ ŭ ǻʹ ּҸ Ѵ.
  TCP/IP Ʈũ (ͳ ٷ ̴̰), 츮 踦 Ư
  ̸ θ - ׸   Ư " (Domain)" ִ.
      ũ׼ archenland Ҹ
  interweft.com.au   ִ.    ִ ̸ ׷
  archenland.interweft.com.au(  ڰ   ̸-FQDN,
  Fully Qualified Domain Name̶ θ) ȴ.

  , ͳݿ  ǻͰ ٸ 踦  ̸ ã 
   ͳ 󿡼   Ǵ IP ּҷ صǴ ̴.

  ( ) ̸ ͳݿ  Ǵ ּҷ (ؼ)ϴ
    ̸ 񽺸 ϴ 谡 ϴ ̴.

    ϾĴ ϸ:-

  o    Ư ǻ IP ּҸ ˾ƾ Ѵ.   䱸ϴ
     α׷   PC ؼڿ   ޶ ûѴ.

  o  ؼڴ  ȣƮ  ˻ϰų ˰ ִ DNS
     ˻Ѵ(ؼ Ȯ  /etc/host.conf ǵǾ ִ);

  o  ȣƮ Ͽ    ְ;

  o  DNS ǵǾ , PC  踦 ˻Ѵ;

  o  DNS 谡 䱸 ̸ IP ּҸ ̹ ˰  ̸ ְ,
     ׷    ϱ  ͳ ٸ DNS ˻Ѵ.
        䱸 ؼڿ   ְ - ؼڴ
     û α׷  ش.

    ̸ µ ǻͰ ۾ ϴ  ʿ IP ּҷ
    ֵ PPP     迡 ȣƮ ̸ IP
  ּҸ  ٲ  ִ (ּ ؼ)  ˷־ Ѵ.

  Ѱ    ȣƮ ̸ /etc/hosts Ͽ Էϴ
  ̰(ͳݿ ϰ ִٸ   Ұ ̴.);
  ٸ  ̸ شϴ  IP ּҸ  ̴.( 
   ƴ϶ ȣ  ϴ  Ұϴ.)

      ؼ  ڵ ̸ ȣ ٲ
   ִ ˼ ֵ ִ ̴.   DNS ýۿ
  Ѵ. ʿ   DNS IP ȣ /etc/resolv.conf Ͽ
  Էϴ  ̴.

  10.1.  /etc/resolv.conf 

  PPP  ý /  ó ΰ DNS IP ּҸ 
  ̴(ʼ  ϳ - ΰ  ʿ   
    ִ.).

  տ  ó,  MS  95 ϴ  DNS IP ּҸ
   Ѵ.  ͳ  ü   ޶
  (ģ)  η Ѵ.

  /etc/resolv.conf ̷ ̴:-

  ______________________________________________________________________
  domain your.isp.domain.name
  nameserver 10.25.0.1
  nameserver 10.25.1.2
  ______________________________________________________________________

    ؼ(ٸ ) ͳ  ü  
  ִ´. Ʒ  ǰ 㰡 Ǿ  ̴:

       -rw-r--r--   1 root     root           73 Feb 19 01:46 /etc/resolv.conf

  ʿ   ־   /etc/resolv.conf  ִٸ ׳
   ִ Ͽ PPP DNS  IP ּҸ ̸ ȴ.

  10.2.  /etc/host.conf 

  /etc/host.conf  Ǿ Ȯؾ Ѵ.  
  ̴.

  ______________________________________________________________________
  order hosts,bind
  multi on
  ______________________________________________________________________

  ̰ ؼڿ DNS ؼ ˻ ûϱ   ȣƮ Ͽ
  ִ   ûѴ.

  11.  PPP  Ʈ Ư

  PPP Ʈũ ġ ؾ ϰ, Ŀ  ̺ ٲ ϴ
    Ʈ Ư ־ PPP   ִ.

  Ʈ ̿ ڵ PPP  Ϸ, pppd α׷
  Ϲݻڵ Ʈ ϵ Ǿ Ѵ:-

       -rwsr-xr-x   1 root     root        95225 Jul 11 00:27 /usr/sbin/pppd

  /usr/sbin/pppd ̷  Ǿ  ʴٸ, Ʈν 
   ־ Ѵ.

       chmod u+s /usr/sbin/pppd

    ָ Ϲ ڶ pppd Ʈ    ְ
  ش. ̰ Ϲ ڰ Ʈũ ̽ Ŀ 
  ̺ ϴµ ʿ   pppd   ְ ش.

  Ϲ ڵ Ʈ Ư   ֵ ص α׷
  ġ     Ƿ α׷ Ʈ Ư  
  ɽ ؾ Ѵ.  α׷(pppd ؼ)  Ϲݻڵ
  ƮƯ    ּȭϱ  ɽ
  ۼǾǷ ̰ ᵵ ϴ(  .).

  ý    - Ư ý ƹ PPP 
  ʱȭ  ֵ ϱ⸦ Ѵٸ, ppp-on/off ũƮ а, 
   ֵ ϰ  ̴.(ȥ   )

  , ƹ PPP  ϴ  ް ʴٸ(, ̰
    PC   ְ   ͳݿ ϴ 
  ȴٸ), PPP׷  ʿ䰡 ִ.(Ʈμ, /etc/group 
  Ѵ) ׸:-

  o  pppd Ʈ PPP׷쿡 Ʈ ϰ 'ٸ ڿ 
     㰡'  ä д. Ʒ .

       -rwsr-x---   1 root     PPP        95225 Jul 11 00:27 /usr/sbin/pppd

  o  ppp-on/off ũƮ Ʈ PPP ׷ ϰ Ѵ.

  o  ppp-on/off ũƮ PPP ׷ а/  ֵ Ѵ.

         -rwxr-x---   1 root     PPP           587 Mar 14  1995 /usr/sbin/ppp-on
         -rwxr-x---   1 root     PPP           631 Mar 14  1995 /usr/sbin/ppp-off

  o  ppp-on/off   ٸ   ä д.

  o  PPP  ڵ /etc/group  PPP ׷쿡 ߰Ѵ.

  ̷  ξ Ϲ ڵ Ʈ     
   ! ppp-off ũƮ Ű  Ʈ  ־
  Ѵ. ,  ڶ  ׳   ִ(ƴϸ
  θ  ȭ ̾ƹ  ִ.)

  ̷  ٸ (׸  )  sudoα׷  ̴.
  ̰   ְ  ؼ  (ִ) ڵ
  ũƮ Ἥ  ų/ų   ֵ Ѵ. sudo
   ִ ڸ ؼ PPP  Ȯϰ ϰ
  ų/  ֵ   ִ.

  12.  PPP   

  PPP  ڵ   ְ ϰ ʹ ϴ Ʈ αؼ
  PPP  ʿ 丮   Ѵ.

  PPP     PPP  Ѵ.  PPP
  2.1.2 2.2   ̸̳ ġ ٸ.

  PPP 2.1.2 :-

  ______________________________________________________________________
  /usr/sbin/pppd          # PPP 
  /usr/sbin/ppp-on        # ȭ   ũƮ
  /usr/sbin/ppp-off       #   ũƮ
  /etc/ppp/options        #  ῡ  pppd û
  /etc/ppp/options.ttyXX  # ش Ʈ ῡ  û
  ______________________________________________________________________

  PPP 2.2 :-

  ______________________________________________________________________
  /usr/sbin/pppd                  # PPP 
  /etc/ppp/scripts/ppp-on         # ȭ   ũƮ
  /etc/ppp/scripts/ppp-on-dialer  # ȭɱ ũƮ ùκ
  /etc/ppp/scripts/ppp-off        #  chat ũƮ ü
  /etc/ppp/options                #  ῡ  pppd û
  /etc/ppp/options.ttyXX          # ش Ʈ ῡ  û
  ______________________________________________________________________

    ڵ ǥ  4.X ġ  ũƮ
  /usr/doc/ppp-2.2.0f-2/scripts Ҵ Ȯؾ Ѵ.

  /etc 丮 ppp 丮  ̴:-

       drwxrwxr-x   2 root     root         1024 Oct  9 11:01 ppp

   쿡  ǰ 㰡  .

  丮 ̹ ־ٸ ű⿡ options.tpl̶ û 
   ̴. 쿡  Ʒ  Ҵ.

  ⿡  κ PPP û׿   Ƿ ؼ
  ̰ pppd man  ذ д  .̰
  /etc/ppp/options    ʷ  ͵ , Ƹ 
   ִ     ʿ ڱ    
    ̴ - ̰ а ϴµ ξ ª .

    ȸ/(PPP   )   쿡
  ȭɱ ޱ⸦    Ʈ  û 
  ִ /etc/ppp/options   Ʈ °  
   PPP    ֵ  ȸ  û 
    ִ.

  Ʈ س û  options.ttyx1, options.ttyx2
  ̶ ̸̰ ȴ.(xڸ  Ʈ  ڸ ִ´)

  , PPP ϳ ̶  /etc/ppp/options
  ȴ. ƴϸ pppd  ü Ű  û
    ִ.

  /etc/ppp/options.ttySx    ϴ ̽. 
  ٸ ҷ PPP ϴ , /etc/ppp/options.siteϿ 
  ҿ  û    ְ   PPP  
    ִ(pppd ࿡ file [̸]̶ pppd û
  ָ ȴ).

  12.1.   û  

  PPP     û  ִ  Ƽ 
   Ű Ҵ.   ״ /etc/ppp/optionsϷ 
  ʾ Ѵ.   Ϸ ش ؼ .  ϴٰ
  򰥸 ٽ   鼭   ֱ ̴.

  ______________________________________________________________________
  # /etc/ppp/options -*- sh -*-
  # pppd  Ϲ û
  # created 13-Jul-1995 jmk
  # ּ κп  â Ͽ jimsung@usa.net
  # autodate: 01-Aug-1995
  # autotime: 19:45

  #  ȸ     Ǵ  ɾ . 
  # ũƮ 𵩿 ȭ  ppp Ź ϱ  
  # "chat" α׷  ̴.
  #connect "echo   ش."

  # pppd   ڿ  Ǵ   Ѵ.
  #  ũƮ,  , ϵ   ȣ ̻ ȿ
  #  쿡     Ѵ.
  #disconnect "chat -- \d+++\d\c OK ath0 OK"
  # 32Ʈ hex 񵿱 ̺;  Ʈ pppd ϱ 
  # Żϴ ڿ̴. 0x00000001'\x01' ϰ 0x80000000
  # '\x1f' Ѵ.
  #asyncmap 0

  # Ʈũ Ŷ ްų  ϱ  濡 Ȯ
  # 䱸Ѵ.
  #auth

  #  Ʈ Ÿ 帧 ϱ  ϵ 帧 .
  # (RTS/CTS )
  #crtscts

  #  Ʈ Ÿ 帧 ϱ  Ʈ 帧
  # .(XON/XOFF )
  #xonxoff

  # IPCP ȯ  ̷  Ʈ ̷ Ἥ ý
  #  ̺ ⺻ ִ´.PPP    
  # .
  #defaultroute

  # ſ   Ư ڿ Ѵ.( ڱ 
  # 񵿱  ̺ Ἥ  䱸ϵ ƴϵ )
  # Ż⹮  ̺  hex ּ 
  # ǵȴ. 񵿱̺ û ǵ  ڸ ϴµ 
  # ⼭ Ż û   ڰ ȴ. Ż  
  # ڿ hex  0x20 - 0x3f Ǵ
  # 0x5e̴.
  #escape 11,13,ff

  #   ȸ  
  #local

  # pppd UUCP    ġ Ͽ ġ  
  # κ ϰ .
  #lock

  #   Ѵ. Ultrix 𵨿  û crtscts
  # ûװ  ϵ 帧 Ѵ.( û 
  #  ʴ´)
  #modem

  #   ִ  [MRU:Maximum Receive Unit] Ѵ. pppd
  # <n> Ʈ ̻ Ŷ   濡 ûѴ. ּ MRU
  # 128̴. ⺻ MRU 1500̴.    128
  # õѴ. (40Ʈ TCP/IP ̰ 256 Ʈ Ÿ̴)
  #mru 542

  # ̽ netmask <n>  Ѵ, 255.255.255.0  <8>
  #   32Ʈ netmask̴.
  #netmask 255.255.255.0

  # ƹ  IP ּҵ  ʾ  ȣƮ ̸  
  # IP ּҸ ϴ (  ) ⺻   ʵ
  # Ѵ. ̰ ϸ,  IPCP    IPּҸ
  # ־ Ѵ.(̳ û Ͽ Ȯ  ʾ
  # ).
  #noipdefault

  # LCP ""  Ѵ. ̰ ϸ, pppd 
  # ʱȭϷ ϴµ; 濡 ƹ 䵵  濡 ȿ
  # LCP Ŷ ö  ٸ( ʰ ٸ, 
  #      ).
  #passive

  #   ϸ, pppd 濡 ȿ LCP   
  # ʱȭϱ  LCP Ŷ  ʴ´(pppd   "passive" 
  # شѴ.
  #silent

  # LCP IPCP Ͽ  û׿ ؼ  ûϰų
  #   (⺻ )
  #-all

  # ּ/    (⺻ ּ/  
  # ʴ´.)
  #-ac

  # 񵿱   (⺻ 񵿱 ̺   ڿ
  #  ŻѴ.
  #-am

  # бϿ    ʴ´.(pppd  ġ  ʾ
  #    ȴ.)
  #-detach

  # IP ּ   (̰ ϸ, ãư IP ּҰ 
  #  ̳ û Ͼȿ ǵǾ ־߸ Ѵ.)
  #-ip

  #  ּ(magic number)   ̰ ϸ, pppd
  #  ȸ   .
  #-mn

  # MRU   (1500  ⺻ )
  #-mru

  #      (   
  #  ⺻ ).
  #-pc

  # PAP Ἥ 濡 Ȯ 䱸Ѵ. ̰  Ȯ 䱸Ѵ
  # - ̰  迡 ͳ  ü 踦 Ȯϵ 䱸ϰ
  #  ̱  (׸ Ȯ Ƿ) ͳ  ü
  # 迡   ǥ PAP Ȯο ϸ ȵȴ.
  #+pap

  # PAP Ἥ Ȯ 
  #-pap

  # 濡 ȣȯ Ȯ [CHAP:Cryptographic Handshake
  # Authenti-caton Protocol] Ȯ 䱸Ѵ. ̰  Ȯ
  # 䱸Ѵ - ̰  迡 ͳ  ü 踦 Ȯϵ
  # 䱸ϰ  ̱  (׸ Ȯ  Ƿ) ͳ 
  # ü 迡   ǥ CHAP Ȯ ϸ ȵȴ.
  #+chap

  # CHAP Ἥ Ȯ 
  #-chap

  #  ߽  IP    (  ⺻
  # )
  #-vj

  #   ø(-d ).  û ־, pppd
  #   ִ   ۼ  Ŷ  Ѵ. Ŷ
  #  daemon   syslog  ϵȴ. (pppd ܺ
  #  ɻ· ϵǾ, daemon   local2 Ἥ
  # Ѵ.)
  #debug

  #   ȣƮ ̸ ̸ <d>  δ. 
  # gethostname() porsche شٰ    ڰ 
  # ̸ porsche.Quotron.com̴. ̸( ̸)
  # Quotron.COM ַ  domain  .
  #domain <d>

  # Ŀ- PPP ̹  ڵ带 ϰ Ѵ. Ű n
  #   ģ ̴ּ: 1 Ϲ  ˸ ϰ 2
  #  Ŷ  μϵ ûϰ 4 ޵ Ŷ 
  # μϵ ûѴ.
  #kdebug n

  # MTU  <n>  Ѵ.  MRU  ּ  䱸
  #  pppd Ŀ Ʈũ ڵ尡 PPP Ʈũ ̽ n Ʈ
  # ̻ Ÿ Ŷ   ûѴ.
  #mtu <n>

  #  ý ̸  <n> Ѵ. PAP/CHAP
  #   Ƹ ͳ  ü ϴ  ̸
  # ؾ  ̴.
  #name <n>

  # PAP  濡   踦 ϱ   ̸ <u>
  # Ѵ;  'name'   ̰ ϸ ȵȴ!
  #user <u>

  # Ȯ  ȣƮ ̸  ý ̸  Ѵ.(name
  # û ϰ Ѵ)
  #usehostname

  #     ý ̸ <n> Ѵ.
  #remotename <n>

  #  ý ּ ؼ [ARP:Address Resolution Protocol]
  #  IPּҿ  ý ̴ ּҸ ߰Ѵ.
  #proxyarp

  # PAP Ἥ  ϱ  ý йȣ ͺ̽ .
  #login

  #  û ־, pppd  nʸ LCP  䱸
  # .  κ nʵ ƹ Ŷ   
  # 䱸  ȴ. ,  䱸 ν
  # 䱸 Ѵ.  û lcp-echo-failure ð Բ 
  #    ˾ƺ  .
  #lcp-echo-interval <n>

  #  û ־, pppd ȿ LCP 䱸  ϰ
  # n LCP 䱸    ٰ
  # Ѵ. ׷ Ǹ pppd  ´.    
  # lcp-echo-interval  0 ƴ   Ѵ.  û
  # ϵ   ȸ     Ȳ  
  #  (   ȭ  ) pppd ų 
  # ֵ ϱ  ȴ.
  #lcp-echo-failure <n>

  # LCP   (ȣ ) <n>ʷ Ѵ(⺻ 3).
  #lcp-restart <n>

  # LCP  䱸 ִ밪 <n> Ѵ(⺻ 3).
  #lcp-max-terminate <n>

  # LCP  䱸  ִ밪 <n> Ѵ;(⺻ 10)  PPP
  #  ϴ  ʹ . 'serial line loopback error'
  # ޾Ҵµ ϱ⿡ α  ߰, PPP  ϴ 
  #    ÷ Ѵ.
  #lcp-max-configure <n>

  #   ⸦ ϱ  LCP -NAK  ִ밪
  # <n> Ѵ. (⺻ 10)
  #lcp-max-failure <n>

  # IPCP  ( ) <n> Ѵ.(⺻ 3)
  #ipcp-restart <n>

  # IPCP -䱸  ִ밪 <n> Ѵ.(⺻3)
  #ipcp-max-terminate <n>

  # IPCP -䱸  ִ밪 <n> Ѵ.(⺻10)
  #ipcp-max-configure <n>

  # - ⸦ ϱ   IPCP -NAK ִ밪
  # Ѵ.(ִ 10)
  #ipcp-max-failure <n>

  # PAP ( ) <n>ʷ Ѵ.(⺻ 3)
  #pap-restart <n>

  # PAP 䱸  ִ밪 <n> Ѵ.(⺻ 1)
  #pap-max-authreq <n>

  # CHAP ۰(õ  ) <n>ʷ Ѵ.(⺻ 3)
  #chap-restart <n>

  # CHAP õ  ִ Ƚ <n> Ѵ. (⺻ 10)
  #chap-max-challenge

  #  û ־, pppd 濡  <n>ʸ õϰ ȴ.
  #chap-interval <n>

  # ̰ ϸ  IP ּҰ ٸ û׿ ǵǾ ִ
  # pppd   IP ּҿ    ޾Ƶδ.
  #ipcp-accept-local

  # ̰ ϸ  IP ּҰ ٸ û׿ ǵǾ ִ
  #  IP ּҿ    ޾Ƶδ.
  #ipcp-accept-remote
  ______________________________________________________________________

  12.2.   û  ϳ?(PAP/CHAP ƴ )

  ۽  쿡  ٸٰ ұ(). ⿡ س û
  Ƹ κ   ۵ ̴.

  , ۵ ʴ´ٸ  (/etc/ppp/options.tpl) ׸ pppd
  man  о , Ϸ ϴ  ϴ ý
  ڳ  μ  ƾ Ѵ.

   ִ ὺũƮ   Ϻδ  ٲٱ  pppd 
  ûε   ִ.

  ______________________________________________________________________
  # /etc/ppp/options (NO PAP/CHAP)
  #
  # pppd ۾ бϴ  ´.
  -detach
  #
  #    .
  modem
  # uucp   Ἥ  ġ    ´.
  lock
  # ϵ 帧  .
  crtscts
  #  ̺  ῡ  ⺻ Ʈ Ѵ.
  defaultroute
  # ƹ "Ż"  ڸ  ʴ´.
  asyncmap 0
  # ִ  Ŷ ũ⸦ 552 Ʈ Ѵ.
  mtu 552
  # ִ  Ŷ ũ⸦ 552Ʈ Ѵ.
  mru 552
  #
  #-------END OF SAMPLE /etc/ppp/options (no PAP/CHAP)
  ______________________________________________________________________

  13.  PPP  PAP(йȣ  )  

     PAP CHAP  䱸 ,  ۾  ؾ
  Ѵ.

  ռ û Ͽ   ߰Ѵ.

  ______________________________________________________________________
  #
  #   ͳ  ü   ̸ 'ȣƮ
  # ̸'   ֵ
  #  pppd Ų.
  name <your ISP user name>       #   ؾ Ѵ.

  #
  # PPP ** ϰ ְ PAP, CHAP  Ѵٸ  
  #   #̺ ش.PPP  Ϸ ϴ Ŭ̾Ʈ
  # ̶ ( PAP, CHAP  ) ׷ ȵȴ. ֳϸ
  #     迡 ޾ƾ Ѵٰ ϴ ̱
  # ̴(׷    Ӹƴ϶  ü ϰ 
  # ̴).
  #+chap
  #+pap
  # /etc/ppp/pap-secrets  ȿ ȣȭ йȣ ϰ
  # ִٸ,   # ش.
  # : ̰  NT MS RAS   ִ MS ȣȭ
  # йȣ  ʹ ٸ.
  #+papcrypt
  ______________________________________________________________________

  13.1.  MSCHAP  

  ũμƮ  NT RAS CHAP(õ/  Ծ)  
   ֵ   ִ. PPP ҽ tar  ȿ,
  README.MSCHAP80̶  ãƺ ̿  ϰ ִ.

  pppd   ϰ ؼ   Ծ ϴ 
  䱸ϴ   ִ.  MS CHAP  䱸  Ʒ 
     ִ.

  ______________________________________________________________________
  rcvd [LCP ConfReq id=0x2 <asyncmap 0x0> <auth chap 80> <magic 0x46a3>]
  ______________________________________________________________________

  ⼭  ٽ  auth chap 80̴.

  MS CHAP , pppd ̸ ϵ ؾ Ѵ. 
  ϰ     ȳ   ֵ PPP ҽ
   ȿ README.MSCHAP80   о.

    ڵ MS  NT    PPP Ŭ̾Ʈ
   Ѵٴ  Ѵ. ̰  PPP  MSCHAP80
   Ŭ̾Ʈ κ   ֵ ϴ  
  ʴ´.

  13.2.  PAP/CHAP  

  pap Ǵ chap   , ϵ  Ѵ. 
  :

  ______________________________________________________________________
  /etc/ppp/pap-secrets
  /etc/ppp/chap-secrets
  ______________________________________________________________________

  ̰ Ʈ , Ʈ ׷쿡 ؾ ϸ 㰡  
  740̾ Ѵ.

  PAP CHAP ־  ؾ   ̰ ǻ ý۸
  ϱ   ڸ ϱ ؼ   ƴ϶
  ̴.

  "?  ٸٴ ſ?" ϴ Ҹ 鸰.

   ϴ  ǻͰ PPP  ٰ ġ,  ý 
  ڵ     ִ( Ӹƴ϶). ̰  PPP Ἥ
  ΰ (óƮũ-LAN:Local Area Network) 
  Ʈũ(WAN:Wide Area Network)   ִ ̴.

  PAP(CHAP ó)   䱸  ִ - ̸ ٸ
  ǻͰ    ǻ ο ȿ ̸ йȣ
  䱸ȴٴ ̴. ׷Ʈũ, PAP-  Ἥ ȭ PPP
  ϴ κ PPP  ̷   ʴ´.

  ͳ  ü Ƹ  ̸ йȣ ༭   ý۰
  ư ͳݿ ϶  ̴. ׷ ͳ  ü 
  ǻ ̸  ϴ.    ̸ ͳ
   ü ʿ   ǻ ̸   Ѵ.

  name user name û pppd ν ׷   ִ. 
  ͳ  ü  ̸    /etc/ppp/options
  Ͽ δ.

  ______________________________________________________________________
  name your_user name_at_your_ISP
  ______________________________________________________________________

   , PAP user [ͳ  ü 
  ̸]̶  , pppd    ذϹǷ
  PAP  䱸  name user  ش. name û
     ̰ CHAP   ִٴ ̴.

  PAP ǻ͸ ϴ ̱ ,     ǻ
  ̸  Ѵ. , κ   ϳ ͳ
   ü ϹǷ, ̺(*:ϵ ī)  
   host ̸   ִ.

   ͳ  ü  ٸ ܸ  ϰ Ǿ ִ
     ϰ  ϸ  - ȭ ȣ
  Ѱ(ȯ)     ٸ ̸  ִ ܸ .
    ȯ濡  ð ̴  ǻ ̸
   ˾Ƴ  ƴ. ᱹ   ߴ 
  ٸϱ ̴!

  13.3.  PAP  

  /etc/ppp/pap-secrets  .

  ______________________________________________________________________
  # PAP  
  # client        server       secret     acceptable_local_IP_addresses
  ______________________________________________________________________

     ڸ      ڸ
  ڸ ȴ( ̰ų ͳ  ü ʿ 
  IPҴ    )

  ͳ  ü  ̸ fred ְ йȣ
  flintstone ־ٸ /etc/ppp/option[.ttySx] Ͽ name fred
  , /etc/ppp/pap-secretsϿ   .

  ______________________________________________________________________
  # PAP  
  # client        server  secret          acceptable local IP addressesfred            *       flintstone
  ______________________________________________________________________

      ̸ fred ְ (   ̸ װ
  ƴϴ pppd ̰ɷ ϶ ϴ ̴)   
  йȣ flinstone  ϴ ̴.

  츮 ʿ Ư ,  IP ּҸ  ʿ䰡 ٸ
  IP ּҸ  ʿ䰡 ٴ Ϳ Ѵ. ׷  쿡
  κ PPP  ( ) ڱⰡ  IP ȣ   ý
  ϴ   Ƿ ۵   ʹ.

  13.4.  CHAP  

  ̰       䱸Ѵ -   谡 
  ǻ͸   ׸    踦   ؾ
  Ѵ.

    谡 fred̰  barney ,   name
  fred remotename barney ϰ   name barney
  remotename fred   /etc/ppp/options.ttySxϿ ؾ
  Ѵ.

  fred ǻ͸  /etc/chap-secrets   .

  ______________________________________________________________________
  # CHAP  
  # client        server  secret            acceptable local IP addresses
  fred            barney  flintstone
  barney          fred    wilma
  ______________________________________________________________________

  barney ǻʹ ̷.

  ______________________________________________________________________
  # CHAP  
  # client        server  secret            acceptable local IP addresses
  barney          fred    flintstone
  fred            barney  wilma
  ______________________________________________________________________

  Ư  谡     ־ Ѵٴ 
  ϶. ̰  谡 濡  ϵ   ׸
   谡  迡  ϵ   Ѵ.

  13.5.   PAP-  ٷ

   ڵ ϴ, PAP ϴ  ϳ ̻  ִ.
  ϰ ϴ  迡  ̸    ٸٰ
  ص   .

  ,  ڵ ϴ ý ΰ(̻  ְ, 
    ִ)   ̸ ´. ̷ 쿡 /etc/ppp/pap-
  secrets   ϴµ   ȴ.

    ֵ, PPP ̸ غϴ  Ѵ. PPP
  remotename û pppd ν    ̷,
  '˾Ƴ ̸' ϵ Ѵ.

   ΰ PPP  ̸ fred Ѵٰ ġ.

  /etc/ppp/pap-secrets    ̴.

  ______________________________________________________________________
  fred    ppp__1      barney
  fred    ppp__2      wilma
  ______________________________________________________________________

  ׷, ppp__1 ϱ   name fred remotename
  ppp__1 ppp-options  ppp__2 ؼ name fred
  remotename ppp__2 .

  file filename  Ἥ pppd ppp û   Ƿ,
   PPP   ũƮ   ,  û
   Ȯϰ   ִµ ùٸ remotename û  
  ִ.

  14.   PPP  ϱ

   /etc/ppp/options /etc/resolv.conf  (ʿϴٸ
  /etc/ppp/pap|chap-secretsϵ), PPP   
     ִ(ϴ   ۵ϰ Ǹ,  
  ڵȭ ̴).

   ۾Ϸ  α׷  缳 ʰ  
  ִ  ־ Ѵ. minicom ׷  ִ - ALT Q(Ȥ 
  ̸ CTRL A Q)ϸ ȴ.

  Ʈ αߴ ȮѴ.

  (̴ް)  α׷ ϰ PPP  ȭ , ׳
  αѴ. PPP       Ѵٸ, ׷
  Ѵ.  Ҵ ⸦   ִ.

  pap chap  μ, ׳  ýۿ ϱ⸸ ص ppp
  ۵Ǵ  α ʾƵ ⸦  ȴ. ( 
  ̷  ʴ´ - Ű  Ⱚ Ÿ .).

    α׷  缳  Ű(̴޿ ALT Q Ǵ
  CTL A Q),  ࿡(Ʈμ) ̷ ԷѴ.

  ______________________________________________________________________
  pppd -d -detach /dev/ttySx 38400 &
  ______________________________________________________________________

  -d û  · ٲش. - ý αϿ ppp 
   ȭ ϵȴ -     ȴ.

  PPP      ¦¦ ̴. PPP 
   ణ ɸ.

      ༭ PPP ̽   ִ.

  ______________________________________________________________________
  ifconfig
  ______________________________________________________________________

   ִ ٸ ̴ݰ ȯ ġ ܿ,      
  ̴:-

  ______________________________________________________________________
  ppp0     Link encap:Point-Point Protocol
           inet addr:10.144.153.104  P-t-P:10.144.153.51 Mask:255.255.255.0
           UP POINTOPOINT RUNNING  MTU:552  Metric:1
           RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0
           TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0
  ______________________________________________________________________

  ⼭

  o  inet addr:10.144.153.10     IP ̴ּ.

  o  P-t-P:10.144.153.5   IP ̴ּ.

  (, ifconfig PPP     ̷ IP ּҵ 
  ʴ´.)

  :  ifconfig   ̴ٶ  ش!

    ppp ġ  ų Ʒ   

  ______________________________________________________________________
  ppp0     Link encap:Point-Point Protocol
           inet addr:0.0.0.0  P-t-P:0.0.0.0  Mask:0.0.0.0
           POINTOPOINT  MTU:1500  Metric:1
           RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0
           TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0
  ______________________________________________________________________

  PPP  ȵ ̴ ...      !

   host(׸  ʸ)  Ʈ    ̴.
  ׷   ش.

  ______________________________________________________________________
  route -n
  ______________________________________________________________________

  Ʒ      ̴:-

  ______________________________________________________________________
  Kernel routing table
  Destination     Gateway         Genmask         Flags MSS    Window Use Iface
  10.144.153.3    *               255.255.255.255 UH    1500   0        1 ppp0
  127.0.0.0       *               255.0.0.0       U     3584   0       11 lo
  10.0.0.0        *               255.0.0.0       U     1500   0       35 eth0
  default         10.144.153.3    *               UG    1500   0        5 ppp0
  ______________________________________________________________________

  ⼭ Ư ߿ѵ, ppp ̽ Ű   ׸
  ִٴ ̴.

  ù° HOST Ʈμ(H̺ Ų) 츮 Ϸ ϴ
  ȣƮ ش  ̻ ƴ.

  ι° ⺻ Ʈμ pppd û defaultroute ν
  Ǿ. ̰  PC  ̴- Ư Ʈũ Ʈ
   ִ -   ƴ  Ŷ PPP  
  سҴ  Ʈ̴. PPP    ͳ  Ŷ
  Ʈ   ְ ƿ Ŷ ְ ȴ.

   ׸  ̺   ִٸ,  ߸ , Ư
  syslog Ͽ  ⺻Ʈ ĥ  ٰ ˷  ,
  ̴ ̽-̰ Ư Ʈũ Ʈ ٲƾ Ѵ -
  Ű ⺻ Ʈ ̹  ִ ̴. ⺻ Ʈ ϳ
    ִ!!!

   ⺻ Ʈ Ǿ ִ  ãƼ ý ʱȭ  ã
  ž Ѵ(route add default...   ̴.).   route
  add net... ٲ ־ Ѵ.

  ifconfig    ip ּҿ ִ  غ  
   .

  ______________________________________________________________________
  ping 10.144.153.51
  ______________________________________________________________________

     ް ȴ.

  ______________________________________________________________________
  PING 10.144.153.51 (10.144.153.51): 56 data bytes
  64 bytes from 10.144.153.51: icmp_seq=0 ttl=255 time=328.3 ms
  64 bytes from 10.144.153.51: icmp_seq=1 ttl=255 time=190.5 ms
  64 bytes from 10.144.153.51: icmp_seq=2 ttl=255 time=187.5 ms
  64 bytes from 10.144.153.51: icmp_seq=3 ttl=255 time=170.7 ms
  ______________________________________________________________________

  ̰  þ -  CTRL C  ǰ, ׷ 
      ̴:-

  ______________________________________________________________________
  --- 10.144.153.51 ping statistics ---
  4 packets transmitted, 4 packets received, 0% packet loss
  round-trip min/avg/max = 170.7/219.2/328.3 ms
  ______________________________________________________________________

    .

  ̹ host (PPP     ؼ ϰ  ٸ
  ڸ host) ̸  غ.  

  ______________________________________________________________________
  ping sunsite.unc.edu
  ______________________________________________________________________

  ̹    ڰ  ȣƮ ̸
  /etc/resolv.conf ߴ DNS IP ּҷ ٲ; ϱ 
  ణ ð ɸ ̴ - ׷   .(  
  ¦¦ ϴ )  ڿ    ް ȴ.

  ______________________________________________________________________
  PING sunsite.unc.edu (152.2.254.81): 56 data bytes
  64 bytes from 152.2.254.81: icmp_seq=0 ttl=254 time=190.1 ms
  64 bytes from 152.2.254.81: icmp_seq=1 ttl=254 time=180.6 ms
  6t bytes from 152.2.254.81: icmp_seq=2 ttl=254 time=169.8 ms
  64 bytes from 152.2.254.81: icmp_seq=3 ttl=254 time=170.6 ms
  64 bytes from 152.2.254.81: icmp_seq=4 ttl=254 time=170.6 ms
  ______________________________________________________________________

  ٽ CTRL C  踦 .

  ______________________________________________________________________
  --- sunsite.unc.edu ping statistics ---
  5 packets transmitted, 5 packets received, 0% packet loss
  round-trip min/avg/max = 169.8/176.3/190.1 ms
  ______________________________________________________________________

  ƹ 䵵 ޾Ҵٸ, ͳ  ü ϴ DNS  IP
  ּҸ ѹ  . ⼭  ƿԴٸ, /etc/resolv.conf
   ִٰ ƾ Ѵ.

  ̰ ȵǸ,   ְų ͳ  ü Ŷ
     ִ ̴.    ̺
  ϰ װ  ٸ ͳ  ü Ѵ. ͳ
   ü       ٸ ü 
   ̴. ࿡ ͳ  ü ʸӷ  ȴٸ,  
  ʿ ִ ̴.

    ۵Ǹ,   Էؼ  ´.

  ______________________________________________________________________
  ppp-off
  ______________________________________________________________________

  ణ    ˾Ƽ .

   ,  ų,  α׷ Űų, +++
     𵩿 OK   ATHO ־ .

  pppd   ϵ  Ѵ.

  ______________________________________________________________________
  rm -f /var/lock/LCK..ttySx
  ______________________________________________________________________

  15.   ڵȭ -  ũƮ ۼ

  տó   α   ̸ ڵ ִ
  ũƮ      ̴.

  α ڵȭϰ PPP ϰ ϴ ũƮ    
  (Ʈ Ȥ PPP ׷ Ͽ̾ Ѵ)  ϳ ָ ȴ.

  15.1.   ̸/ йȣ    ũƮ

  PAP/CHAP  䱸 ʴ   ũƮ  ȴ!

  ppp ü  ġǾٸ,      ȴ. PPP
  2.1.2  /usr/sbin , PPP 2.2  /etc/ppp/scripts
  ִ. ̸

  PPP-2.1.2 

       ppp-on
       ppp-off

  PPP-2.2 

       ppp-off
       ppp-on
       ppp-on-dialer

  ̴.

  ϴ, PPP 2.1.2  ,   쵵  ϴ ٴ.
  ű⿡ ġ  ִ -  ȴٰ   -   
  (׸  Ͽ ù  õϱ ߴ)!

  PPP 2.1.2 ڵ  PPP 2.2   ӽ 
  ǾҴ.  PPP-2.1.2 ũƮ   ũƮ ؼ 
  Ѵ.

  15.2.  ppp-on ũƮ

  ̰   ϴ ũƮ ¦   ̴.

  ______________________________________________________________________
  #!/bin/sh
  #
  # PPP  ʱȭϴ ũƮ. ̰ ũƮ  ù
  # κ̴. ̰ 'ps'    Ƿ  ũƮ 
  # ƴϴ.  ϴ.
  #
  # ̰ ̴. ʿϸ ģ.
  TELEPHONE=555-1212      #  ȭȣ
  ACCOUNT=george          # α   ̸('George Burns')
  PASSWORD=gracie
  #    ȣ(׸ 'Gracie Allen')LOCAL_IP=0.0.0.0
  # ˰ ִٸ  IP ּ.  = 0.0.0.0REMOTE_IP=0.0.0.0
  # Ѵٸ  IP ּ.  0.0.0.0NETMASK=255.255.255.0
  # ʿ  Ȯ netmask
  #
  # 'ppp-on-dialer'   ֵ   
  export TELEPHONE ACCOUNT PASSWORD
  #
  # ȭ ɰ αϴ ũƮ ġ Ѵ. $PATH  
  # û׿  Ƿ  ̸  θ 
  # Ѵ. ('Ʈ' ׷ ϴ  ȱ ǹǷ û
  # ʴ´)
  #
  DIALER_SCRIPT=/etc/ppp/ppp-on-dialer
  #
  #  ʱȭ
  #
  exec /usr/sbin/pppd debug /dev/ttySx 38400 \
          $LOCAL_IP:$REMOTE_IP \
          connect $DIALER_SCRIPT
  ______________________________________________________________________

  ̰ ppp-on-dialer ũƮ.:-

  ______________________________________________________________________
  #!/bin/sh
  #
  # ̰ ppp-on ũƮ ι° κ̴. ̰ ϴ  
  #   ش.
  #
  /usr/sbin/chat -v                                                 \
          TIMEOUT         3                               \
          ABORT           '\nBUSY\r'                      \
          ABORT           '\nNO ANSWER\r'                 \
          ABORT           '\nRINGING\r\n\r\nRINGING\r'    \
          ''              \rAT                            \
          'OK-+++\c-OK'   ATH0                            \
          TIMEOUT         30                              \
          OK              ATDT$TELEPHONE                  \
          CONNECT         ''                              \
          ogin:--ogin:    $ACCOUNT                        \
          assword:        $PASSWORD
  ______________________________________________________________________

  PPP-2.2 ppp-offũƮ Ʒ :-For PPP-2.2, the ppp-off
  script looks like:-

  ______________________________________________________________________
  #!/bin/sh
  ######################################################################
  #
  #  ġ Ѵ.
  #
  if [ "$1" = "" ]; then
          DEVICE=ppp0
  else
          DEVICE=$1
  fi

  ######################################################################
  #
  # ppp0 pid  ְ α׷ ̸ װ Ų.
  if [ -r /var/run/$DEVICE.pid ]; then
          kill -INT `cat /var/run/$DEVICE.pid`
  #
  # kill ۵   pid      ̴.
  # Ƹ       ̴. ÿ   ϵ
  #   ̴.
          if [ ! "$?" = "0" ]; then
                  rm -f /var/run/$DEVICE.pid
                  echo "ERROR: Removed stale pid file"
                  exit 1
          fi
  #
  # . pppd ʿ   쵵 Ѵ.
          echo "PPP link to $DEVICE terminated."
          exit 0
  fi
  #
  # ppp  ppp0   ʴ´.
  echo "ERROR: PPP link is not active on $DEVICE"
  exit 1
  ______________________________________________________________________

  15.3.   PPP  ũƮ  

   κ  ũƮ ޾  .

  15.3.1.  ppp-on ũƮ

   ũƮ ͳ  ü   ̸ йȣ,
  ȭȣ  Ѵ.

  TELEPHONE=    '='  (  
  ؼ) ϴ    Ѵ.   
  ؼ ͳ  ü ῡ  Ȯϰ  Ѵ.

  , /etc/ppp/optionsϿ ִ IP ּҸ (ʿ ) 
   Ʒ   Ѵ.

  ______________________________________________________________________
  $LOCAL_IP:$REMOTE_IP \
  ______________________________________________________________________

  ,   DIALER_SCRIPT  ġ   ϴ
  ȭɱ ũƮ ̸ Ű ִ Ȯؾ Ѵ.  ̸
  Űų ũƮ ̸ ĥ ̶, ppp-on ũƮ  
  Ȯ ߴ Ȯؾ Ѵ!

  15.3.2.  ppp-on-dialer ũƮ

  ̰ ppp    ũƮ  κ̴.

  : chat ũƮ    ٿ  Ǿ翪 
  ٲ   ٷ ν  ְ ִ ̴(  
  ֵ).  ũƮ ü Ϻδ ƴϴ.

  ,    Ǵ(ؼ)   ֵ 
      ϴ.

  15.4.  Chat ũƮ ϴ ...

  chat ũƮ "_ڿ" "_ڿ"  ̴. Ư 
  ʿ    ׻    ٸٴ 
  .

  ƹ͵   ʰ   Ѵٸ _ڿ 
  ڿ ߸ ϰ("" ). ƹ͵  ʰ   
   ϴ. , ڿ   Ǿ ִٸ( 
  NO CARRIER), ݵ chat ϳ ׸ ޾Ƶ̵  ڿ 
  ; Ѵ.

   chat :-

  ______________________________________________________________________
  exec /usr/sbin/chat -v
  ______________________________________________________________________

  chat θ. -v chat   ý log(
  /var/log/messages) ϵ Ų. ϴ  chat
  ũƮ ϰ    ؼ syslog 
  -v .

  ______________________________________________________________________
  TIMEOUT         3
  ______________________________________________________________________

  ̴ ϴ ڿ Է ʵ ٸ ̴.  ¥
   Ŷ 5ʳ 10ʷ ÷ ʿ䰡 ִ.

  ______________________________________________________________________
  ABORT           '\nBUSY\r'
  ______________________________________________________________________

  BUSY ڿ ް Ǹ  Ѵ.

  ______________________________________________________________________
  ABORT           '\nNO ANSWER\r'
  ______________________________________________________________________

  NO ANSWER  ڿ   Ѵ.

  ______________________________________________________________________
  ABORT           '\nRINGING\r\n\r\nRINGING\r'
  ______________________________________________________________________

  RINGING̶ ڿ (ݺ) ŵǸ,  Ѵ.  
   ſ ȭ Ŵ ̱ ̴.

  ______________________________________________________________________
  "              \rAT
  ______________________________________________________________________

  𵩿 ƹ͵ ٸ ʰ AT ڿ .

  ______________________________________________________________________
  OK-+++\c-OK   ATH0
  ______________________________________________________________________

  ̰  ѵ chat   ɷ  Ϻθ  ̴.

   ̳ ϸ... OK ٷȴٰ,  ϸ (
  ° ƴ϶) +++(ǥ ̽ ȣȯ 𵩿  ·
  ư ڿ̴)   OK ٸ. ׷  ATH0(
   ڿ) .  ȸ 󿡼  Ǿ ִ Ȳ
  ũƮ ó  ֵ ش!

  ______________________________________________________________________
  TIMEOUT         30
  ______________________________________________________________________

  ũƮ  κп  30 ð  Ѵ. chat
  ũƮ ð   ҵǴ  ޴´ٸ 45ʳ 
  ̻ ø ȴ.

  ______________________________________________________________________
  OK              ATDT$TELEPHONE
  ______________________________________________________________________

  OK ٷȴٰ ( ATH0 ɿ  ̴) ϴ ȭȣ
  ȭѴ.

  ______________________________________________________________________
  CONNECT         ''
  ______________________________________________________________________

  CONNECT ٸ (̰       )
  ƹ͵  ʴ´.

  ______________________________________________________________________
  ogin:--ogin:    $ACCOUNT
  ______________________________________________________________________

  ٽ     ִ. login Ʈ
  ٸ(...ogin:) ð   ϸ, Ű   ٽ
  login Ʈ ã Ѵ. Ʈ   ̸( 
  $ACCOUNT Ǿ ִ) .

  ______________________________________________________________________
  assword:        $PASSWORD
  ______________________________________________________________________

  йȣ Ʈ ٸ  йȣ  (  
  Ǿ ִ).

   chat ũƮ    ɷ  ִ. chat ⿡
   ͺ     ִ.    Ѵٸ chat man
   .(man 8 chat)

  15.4.1.  PPP  ϱ

  α   ڵ pppd ϴ 쿡 ppp-on-dialer
   ۵    PPP Ȯ ϵ 䱸Ѵ.

   PPP ϱ    ־ Ѵٸ, ppp-on-dialer
  ũƮ ؾ Ѵ.

  ũƮ  (йȣ  ڿ) ߰ expect send
  ־ Ѵ. ̰ α Ʈ ˻ ̴( Ư
  ǹ̸  -  $   or  ( οȣ 
  ȣ)͵ Ѵ.

  chat  Ʈ ã, chat ͳ  ü  PPP 
  䱸ϴ ppp    Ѵ.

   , PPP  ǥ  转(bash) Ʈ .

  ______________________________________________________________________
  [hartr@kepler hartr]$
  ______________________________________________________________________

  ׸  PPP ϵ Է  䱸Ѵ.

  ______________________________________________________________________
  ppp
  ______________________________________________________________________

       ֵ ϴ    ,  
  Ʒ  .

  ______________________________________________________________________
          hartr--hartr    ppp
  ______________________________________________________________________

  ̰ ð  Ʈ  ϸ, Ű  Ʈ
  ٽ ã ̴.

  Ʈ ް Ǹ ppp .

  :    ڿ ϳ  ־ chat chat ũƮ ü 
   ϵ ϴ  ؾ  ȵȴ!

  ڰ,   پ  Ʈ ش! ̴ Ἥ
  ȸ α   ˾Ƴ  "" ڿ 
  Ѵ.

  15.5.  PAP/CHAP   chat ũƮ

  ͳ  ü PAP/CHAP  , chat ũƮ  ϴ.
  chat ũƮ ؾ  ȭؼ,  ٸ  pppd
  α ٷ絵 ϴ  ̴!

  ______________________________________________________________________
  #!/bin/sh
  #
  # ̰ ppp-on ũƮ ι° κ̴. ϴ   
  #  ش.
  #
  exec /usr/sbin/chat -v                                  \
          TIMEOUT         3                               \
          ABORT           '\nBUSY\r'                      \
          ABORT           '\nNO ANSWER\r'                 \
          ABORT           '\nRINGING\r\n\r\nRINGING\r'    \
          ''              \rAT                            \
          'OK-+++\c-OK'   ATH0                            \
          TIMEOUT         30                              \
          OK              ATDT$TELEPHONE                  \
          CONNECT         ''                              \
  ______________________________________________________________________

  15.6.  pppd   option_file  û

  ̹ տ  ó, pppd -d ؼ αϸ  
     ִ.  ' ' û Ʒ Ͱ ϴ.

   ũƮ    ϴ ̹Ƿ,   
  û ׳ . (: ũ   , pppd α
  ٲٴ  syslog  ްϰ Ű    ִ -
  ̰ ϸ ῡ  ̰   ڿ ٽ õ  ִ)

      ۵Ѵٸ,  û   ִ.

  /etc/ppp/options /etc/ppp/options.ttySx ƴ ppp û 
  ҷ´ٸ, pppd file û׿  ̸  ־ Ѵ -
    ̴.

  ______________________________________________________________________
  exec /usr/sbin/pppd debug file options.myserver /dev/ttyS0 38400 \
  ______________________________________________________________________

  16.   ũƮ 

   Ʈ Xterm ų(X  )   ܼ  Ʈ
  αѴ.

   ǿ,   ش.

       tail -f /var/log/messages

  (Ǵ ش ý α  ̸)

  ù° (Ǵ  ֿܼ)   ش.

       ppp-on &

  (ƴϸ /usr/sbin/ppp-on  ؼ   ̸)

    ڿ & Ἥ ũƮ 濡 ۾ϵ  ,
  ppp ִ ȿ (  ) ܸ Ʈ  ϰ
  ȴ.

  ý α  ִ  ư .

  Ʒ      ̴(chat -v ְ pppd -d
  ־ٸ) ... ̰ pppd   ý α Ͽ ϵ
    chat ũƮ ̴:-

  ______________________________________________________________________
  Oct 21 16:09:58 hwin chat[19868]: abort on (NO CARRIER)
  Oct 21 16:09:59 hwin chat[19868]: abort on (BUSY)
  Oct 21 16:09:59 hwin chat[19868]: send (ATZ^M)
  Oct 21 16:09:59 hwin chat[19868]: expect (OK)
  Oct 21 16:10:00 hwin chat[19868]: ATZ^M^M
  Oct 21 16:10:00 hwin chat[19868]: OK -- got it
  Oct 21 16:10:00 hwin chat[19868]: send (ATDT722298^M)
  Oct 21 16:10:00 hwin chat[19868]: expect (CONNECT)
  Oct 21 16:10:00 hwin chat[19868]: ^M
  Oct 21 16:10:22 hwin chat[19868]: ATDT722298^M^M
  Oct 21 16:10:22 hwin chat[19868]: CONNECT -- got it
  Oct 21 16:10:22 hwin chat[19868]: send (^M)
  Oct 21 16:10:22 hwin chat[19868]: expect (ogin:)
  Oct 21 16:10:23 hwin chat[19868]: kepler login: -- got it
  Oct 21 16:10:23 hwin chat[19868]: send (hartr^M)
  Oct 21 16:10:23 hwin chat[19868]: expect (ssword:)
  Oct 21 16:10:23 hwin chat[19868]:  hartr^M
  Oct 21 16:10:23 hwin chat[19868]: Password: -- got it
  Oct 21 16:10:23 hwin chat[19868]: send (??????^M)
  Oct 21 16:10:23 hwin chat[19868]: expect (hartr)
  Oct 21 16:10:24 hwin chat[19868]: [hartr -- got it
  Oct 21 16:10:24 hwin chat[19868]: send (ppp^M)
  Oct 21 16:10:27 hwin pppd[19872]: pppd 2.1.2 started by root, uid 0
  Oct 21 16:10:27 hwin pppd[19873]: Using interface ppp0
  Oct 21 16:10:27 hwin pppd[19873]: Connect: ppp0 <--> /dev/cua1
  Oct 21 16:10:27 hwin pppd[19873]: fsm_sdata(LCP): Sent code 1, id 1.
  Oct 21 16:10:27 hwin pppd[19873]: LCP: sending Configure-Request, id 1
  Oct 21 16:10:27 hwin pppd[19873]: fsm_rconfreq(LCP): Rcvd id 1.
  Oct 21 16:10:27 hwin pppd[19873]: lcp_reqci: rcvd MRU
  Oct 21 16:10:27 hwin pppd[19873]: (1500)
  Oct 21 16:10:27 hwin pppd[19873]:  (ACK)
  Oct 21 16:10:27 hwin pppd[19873]: lcp_reqci: rcvd ASYNCMAP
  Oct 21 16:10:27 hwin pppd[19873]: (0)
  Oct 21 16:10:27 hwin pppd[19873]:  (ACK)
  Oct 21 16:10:27 hwin pppd[19873]: lcp_reqci: rcvd MAGICNUMBER
  Oct 21 16:10:27 hwin pppd[19873]: (a098b898)
  Oct 21 16:10:27 hwin pppd[19873]:  (ACK)
  Oct 21 16:10:27 hwin pppd[19873]: lcp_reqci: rcvd PCOMPRESSION
  Oct 21 16:10:27 hwin pppd[19873]:  (ACK)
  Oct 21 16:10:27 hwin pppd[19873]: lcp_reqci: rcvd ACCOMPRESSION
  Oct 21 16:10:27 hwin pppd[19873]:  (ACK)
  Oct 21 16:10:27 hwin pppd[19873]: lcp_reqci: returning CONFACK.
  Oct 21 16:10:27 hwin pppd[19873]: fsm_sdata(LCP): Sent code 2, id 1.
  Oct 21 16:10:27 hwin pppd[19873]: fsm_rconfack(LCP): Rcvd id 1.
  Oct 21 16:10:27 hwin pppd[19873]: fsm_sdata(IPCP): Sent code 1, id 1.
  Oct 21 16:10:27 hwin pppd[19873]: IPCP: sending Configure-Request, id 1
  Oct 21 16:10:27 hwin pppd[19873]: fsm_rconfreq(IPCP): Rcvd id 1.
  Oct 21 16:10:27 hwin pppd[19873]: ipcp: received ADDR
  Oct 21 16:10:27 hwin pppd[19873]: (10.144.153.51)
  Oct 21 16:10:27 hwin pppd[19873]:  (ACK)
  Oct 21 16:10:27 hwin pppd[19873]: ipcp: received COMPRESSTYPE
  Oct 21 16:10:27 hwin pppd[19873]: (45)
  Oct 21 16:10:27 hwin pppd[19873]:  (ACK)
  Oct 21 16:10:27 hwin pppd[19873]: ipcp: returning Configure-ACK
  Oct 21 16:10:28 hwin pppd[19873]: fsm_sdata(IPCP): Sent code 2, id 1.
  Oct 21 16:10:30 hwin pppd[19873]: fsm_sdata(IPCP): Sent code 1, id 1.
  Oct 21 16:10:30 hwin pppd[19873]: IPCP: sending Configure-Request, id 1
  Oct 21 16:10:30 hwin pppd[19873]: fsm_rconfreq(IPCP): Rcvd id 255.
  Oct 21 16:10:31 hwin pppd[19873]: ipcp: received ADDR
  Oct 21 16:10:31 hwin pppd[19873]: (10.144.153.51)
  Oct 21 16:10:31 hwin pppd[19873]:  (ACK)
  Oct 21 16:10:31 hwin pppd[19873]: ipcp: received COMPRESSTYPE
  Oct 21 16:10:31 hwin pppd[19873]: (45)
  Oct 21 16:10:31 hwin pppd[19873]:  (ACK)
  Oct 21 16:10:31 hwin pppd[19873]: ipcp: returning Configure-ACK
  Oct 21 16:10:31 hwin pppd[19873]: fsm_sdata(IPCP): Sent code 2, id 255.
  Oct 21 16:10:31 hwin pppd[19873]: fsm_rconfack(IPCP): Rcvd id 1.
  Oct 21 16:10:31 hwin pppd[19873]: ipcp: up
  Oct 21 16:10:31 hwin pppd[19873]: local  IP address 10.144.153.104
  Oct 21 16:10:31 hwin pppd[19873]: remote IP address 10.144.153.51
  ______________________________________________________________________

  (-   IP ּҸ  -    ̸ PPP 
   -   IP ּҸ ٸ ̸    ̴) , 
     ڿ ppp ϴ Ư  䱸Ѵ.

   δ - Ʊó IP ּҿ ȣƮ ̸ غ.

   ˻⳪  Ű  ٴٸ ġ - 
  Ǿ!

  17.  PPP  

  PPP   , ǥ ppp-off  Ἥ (  -
  Ʈ̰ų PPP ׷ Ͽ̾ Ѵ!).

  ý αϿ      ִ:-

  ______________________________________________________________________
  Oct 21 16:10:45 hwin pppd[19873]: Interrupt received: terminating link
  Oct 21 16:10:45 hwin pppd[19873]: ipcp: down
  Oct 21 16:10:45 hwin pppd[19873]: default route ioctl(SIOCDELRT): Bad address
  Oct 21 16:10:45 hwin pppd[19873]: fsm_sdata(LCP): Sent code 5, id 2.
  Oct 21 16:10:46 hwin pppd[19873]: fsm_rtermack(LCP).
  Oct 21 16:10:46 hwin pppd[19873]: Connection terminated.
  Oct 21 16:10:46 hwin pppd[19873]: Exit.
  ______________________________________________________________________

  SIOCDELRT  ʿ - ̰  pppd  ϴϴ
  ǻ   ̹Ƿ   ƴϴ.

  18.   

   ۵ ʴµ     ִ - chat ùٷ
  Ϸ ʾ  ְ, ȸ Ʈũ  ְ, . 
   Ϳ  syslog Ѵ.

  18.1.  PPP  Ŀο  ־µ...

  PPP  Ŀο  ־µ pppd Ű ϸ
  Ŀο ppp  ʴ´ٰ ϴ      ϳ!
  ̷  Ͼ    ִ.

  18.1.1.  ùٸ Ŀη ߴ?

  ռ ppp ϵ Ŀ   Ŀη  
   ִ. ̰ /etc/lilo.conf ġ ʰ lilo ٽ 
   ̷ 찡 .

  Ŀο   uname -a ϸ   ִµ, Ʒ 
   Ÿ ̴.

  ______________________________________________________________________
  Linux archenland 2.0.28 #2 Thu Feb 13 12:31:37 EST 1997 i586
  ______________________________________________________________________

  ⿡ Ŀ  Ŀ ϵ ¥ ִ. - ̰ 
        ִ.

  18.1.2.  ppp Ŀ   ߴ°?

  ppp  ߴµ,  make, install ʾҴٸ, ̷
   Ÿ. kernel-HOWTO README 
  /usr/src/linux丮ּ ã о.!

   õ ٸ ɼ ڵ  Ǹ ߴµ
  kerneld( ߿ ڵ   ش) Ű 
  ̴. kerneld mini-HOWTO о kerneld   ˾ƺ.

  18.1.3.  Ŀο ´ PPP   ִ°?

  ݵ ppp-2.2 Ŀ  2.0.x  Ѵ. ppp-2.2 Ŀ 
  1.2.x Բ   ֱ (Ŀ   ), ׷ ʴٸ
  ppp-2.1.2  Ѵ.

  18.1.4.  Ʈ Ư pppd ϰ ִ°?

  pppd Ʈ ڷμ  ִ  ƴ 쿡(pppd Ʈ
  ڿ ƴ ) ̷  ް ȴ.

  18.2.   Ǿµ ppp  

  ⿡   ִ.(comp.os.linux ѹ )

   Ϲ Ǽ ũƮ 򰡿 Է ߸ . ̷
  쿡  PC  ̿ ̷ chat ȭ 
  syslog(/var/log/messages) ȿ Ȯ  ۿ ,  ະ
  ̸   Ѵ. ̸ ϱ Ͽ  ppp  ȭ
   ʿ䰡 ִ.

   Ʈ  ſ ɽ   ʿ䰡 ִ - ׸
  ΰ Է    ڱⰡ   д  ִٴ 
  ο !

  18.3.  clean..." µ?  ý α Ͽ  "serial line
  is not 8bit

  ⿡     ִ -  ȸ ȯ ̸, 
    ϳ(Ȥ )    ִ.
      ˷, pppd ü  Ʒ  鿡
     ־ Ѵ.

  pppd    迡 LCP(  :Link control
  protocol)Ŷ  ȴ. ̶ ȿ   IPCP(IP 
  :IP control protocol) Ŷ   ܰ   
  ϷǾ  PPP   ִ  ip ġ ۾
  ۵ȴ.

  lcp Ŷ   ݿ ۵  ppp  ٸ, α 
   ʿ ݿǾ  ̴.  Ŷ 8Ʈ ϹǷ, 8°
  Ʈ   ݿȴ(ASCII 7Ʈ   ). PPP
  ̰  Ѵ.

  ̷ ݿ Ͼ  ִ    ִ.

  18.3.1.   Ȯϰ α  

  chat ũƮ ϷǸ, pppd  PC Ѵ. ,
   α  Ϸ ʾҴٸ( PPP ϵ
  䱸    쵵 ؼ) ,  PPP  ʴ´.

  , lcp Ŷ ǵƿ ʰ ̷  ϰ ȴ.

  ɽ غ (ʿϴٸ) chat ũƮ ľ Ѵ.(
  )

  18.3.2.   PPP  ʾҴ.

   PPP  ڱ ʿ ppp ϱ  α  
   Ư  ְų Ű  䱸Ѵ.

  chat ũƮ Ѵ ( ).

   α  PPP ϱ  Ű  Ѵٸ, chat
  ũƮ  ؿ  ٸ/  ߰ϱ⸸ ϸ ȴ(
  ڸ  ڿ ־ָ δ Ű  ).

  18.3.3.   PPP  ϴµ ʹ 

  ̶ ܸӸ   Ѵ!

  ⺻  pppd ִ 10 lcp  䱸  
  Ǿ ִ.   ϴµ  ٸ,  PPP  ̸ 
  غ  Ǳ   10 䱸    ִ.

  ׷  迡, pppd ƿ 10  ̰(8Ʈ ©)
   ȴ.

  ̸ ذϴµ ΰ  ִ:-

  ppp û׿ lcp-max-configure 30 δ. ̶ ø ŭ
  pppd lcp   Ŷ   .  ٰ
  ġ, ̰ͺٵ   ÷ Ѵ.

   ܸӸ   ִµ տ ̹ ҵ PPP 
   α  PPP ϸ鼭 ó   ó ̴
    տ Ÿ ȣ (~)̴.

    ̿ؼ chat ũƮ  ڿ ~ ٷȴٰ ƹ ͵
   ʴ ٸ/ ߰  ִ.

  ______________________________________________________________________
  \~      ''
  ______________________________________________________________________

  : ~  Ư ǹ̸  Ƿ, Ż⹮ڿ Ѵ(׷
  Ż⹮  پִ).

  18.4.  ⺻ Ʈ  ʾҴ.

  pppd ⺻ Ʈ  ʴ´ٸ, ( Ȯѵ) 
  ⺻ Ʈ ų/ü ʱ ̴.

  ̷       ̴ ī带 Ư
  ƮũƮ  ʰ ⺻ Ʈ ϱ ̴.

  Linux NAG Net2/3 HOWTO о ̴ ī带 ùٷ ϴ Ͱ
  ̿ õ Ʈ     ִ.

  ٸ   ü Ʈ/͸ ̹  ְ 
   ̺  ⺻ Ʈ ̹ Ű Ǿ ִ
  .

    Ȳ ġ IP Ʈũ  ణ  ʿϸ
  ̰  Ͽ  .   ޱ⸦
  ٶ(׷ ȿ    ִ ִ  )

  18.5.  ٸ 

  ̰  ppp Ȯϰ ϰ ϴ    
  .

  PPP FAQ(  Ǿ ִ) . ̰  ȭ
  ̸, ش ִ!  ڽ () 迡 ߾ ٸ, 
  ű⿡ ٸ,  ppp   ƴϴ!    Ŀ
    ø  ELF Ŀ  ־ ̴.  ܿ
  Ʋ(ű⿡ Ϸ ) Ϻ PPP   ߸ƴ
  ˾Ƴ   !

  19.  ü        ִ 

  PPP     ,   ٽ 鼭   
   - "chat -v ..." "ppp -d" Ἥ  syslog  ° 
  鼭.

  PPP  FAQ  ޵ ٸ 鵵 о!

  ׷ ̶, comp.os.linux.misc comp.os.linux.networking
  ׷쿡 .  comp.protocols.ppp  PPP 
          д ̴.

    email   ,   (׸
  Ȱ) ֱ  ( )   δ   ¿
  ޷ִ ŭ   ٴ  .

  Ư -    ׷̳   ȵȴ -
  ׷쿡   Ŵ з ϸ Ʈũ οϴ 
   ̰ ڴ /dev/null   ȴ ( Ư û 츦
  ).

  20.  ϴ    

  ˰   ִ   ϳ  ͳ  ü  
  ٶ ִ α׷ ü Ѵٴ ̴. ̰ ()
  ũμƮ  ̴ :-( - ׸  ͳ  ü
   μ н( ) ؼ ̴.  ѵ
   ؾ Ѵ!

     ģϰ ϰ,    
  Ѵ.( ͳ  ü  μ  ͳ   
  ˾ƾ ϰ ̰   踦  ־  Ѵ -
  !)

  20.1.   PPP  ̻   .

   - PPP ư Ǹ PPP  IP ּ(ifconfig ppp0
   2, Ǵ "" IP ּ) غ  ִµ  ʸӿ
    ٴ ̴.

  ٵ , /etc/resolv.conf  IP ּҸ ̸
  غ. ̰ ȴٸ, PPP  ʸӸ   ִ(̰ 
  "" IP ּҿ   츸 ). ׷ ͳ  ü
    ͳ ̸  غ.

       ping my.provider.net.au

  ̰  , ̸ ȯ  ִ ̴. ̰ Ƹ
  /etc/resolv.conf Ͽ  ֱ ̴. ͳ  ü
  ȭ   ʿ  ɽ  .    
  , ͳ  ü ȭؼ IP ּҸ Ȯ ߴ
   .

  ׷  (׸ ͳ  ü ڱ  
  ְ  ̶ Ȯ ־), ű⸻ ٸ  
  ̴ -  ɽ  ġ  ɽ غ
  Ѵ(Ư  㰡  ).

  ׷  ͳ  ü IP   IP ּҷ  
  ٸ,  ٿưų (ȭؼ ) ͳ  ü 
  Ʈ  ִ ̴. ٽ ȭؼ ̰  .

  Ѱ ɼ "" IP  û Ŀο ǵǾ 
    PPP  ̴.

     ũ Ʈ  ϴ α׷ Ἥ
  ͳ  ü   ̴. ٸ ü 
       ۵Ѵٸ,   ýۿ
  ִ  ͳ  ü ִ  ƴϴ.

  20.2.  ڿ   ִµ   

   IP ּҸ  ִٸ, 翬 ̴. Ʒ " "
  .

  20.3.     °?   ٸ    finger, WWW,
  gopher, talk Ÿ

    IP ּҸ  ִٸ  ̴. Ʒ "
  " .

  21.   IP ּҸ  ͳ  

   IP ּҸ  (κ ͳ  ü  
    ʴ   IP ּҸ  ̴), ̷  Ĵ 
  Ѱ踦  ˾Ƶξ Ѵ.

  ϴ ܺη ϴ  䱸  ߵȴ. sendmail ڿ 
    ִ(sendemail  ), ٸ  ftp  
   , ٸ  ڵ finger  ְ,  ˻ 
  ְ, .

  Ư,    迡 ڿ  ξٰ 
   ִ. ڿ ͳ  ü ٽ ȭ  
  ť ׳ ٸ.

  , 谡 ͳݿ Ϸ 24ð Ǿ ִ  ƴϸ, 
    IP ּҸ ް Ǵ ͵ ƴϴ.   
  ڿ   , ̳ ftp  Ͽ ģ 
  ֵ ϴ  ƴ! ͳ  迡 Ưϰ ױ
    ִ  ƴ  Ư IP ּҸ    ̴(
    - ٸ  ͳ  ü ϸ鼭   IP
  ּҸ ޾Ƽ   ̴.).

   WWW Ѵٸ(ƴϸ ٸ ), ٸ ڵ  谡
  Ǿ ְ  Ȱ IP ּҸ   ˰  ʴ 
  ִ    ȴ. ٸ    ƴ 
   ִ... ȭؼ ˷  ְ,   ˷ 
  ְ, ͳ  ü    ".plan" ־ (
   ͳ  ü  finger    Ѵ)
  ˷  ִ.

  μ, κ  ڿ ̰  ƴϴ - κ 
  ڿ ְ  ǰ (ͳ  ü   Ἥ), ,
  ftp,  ͳݿ ִ ٸ   ϴ  ϱ
  ̴.   ۿ      Ѵٸ, 
  IP ּҸ ޾ƾ Ѵ. ׷Ʈũ   Ʈ  
  ãƺƾ Ѵ...

  21.1.  ڿ 

   IP ּҸ  ִ sendmail Ȯ ؼ 
    ڿ ܺη   ִ. sendmail  ϰ
  ƴ -     ϴ Ϸ  ʰڴ.
  , ͳ  ü "smart relay" ȣƮ  
  sendmail   ִ(sendmail.cf DS û). (sendmail 
  û  ˰  sendmail  о ȴ - sendmail
   m4  . ⿡ ʿ Ϳ    ݵ
   ̴.)

  sendmail   å鵵 (Ư O'Reilly տ 
  'bible'), ̰ и κ ڵ лų ̴.

  ϴ sendmail , PPP  ̷  ܺη 
  ڿ ť ִ  sendmail óϱ ٶ ̴. ׷
  Ϸ   ش.

       sendmail -q &

  /etc/ppp/ip-up ũƮ(Ʒ ).

   ڿ  IP ּҿ ־ . ̰ ٷ 
  :-

  o    ͳ  ü ڿ ּҸ "reply to" 
     ٿ  ڿ  ó⸦ Ѵ.
       ִٸ,  ּҵ ͳ  ü  ּҰ ǵ
     ؾ Ѵ.

  o  popclient, fetchmail α׷ Ἥ ͳ  üԼ 
     ڿ ϵ簡, ͳ  ü IMAP  , pine
      IMAP 밡  ó⸦ .

  /etc/ppp/ip-up ũƮ ʿ  ־ ȭ   
  ڵ óϰ   ִ.(Ʒ )

  21.2.     

  ͳ  ü ʿ        ִٰ
  ص, ip-up ũƮ   ĳ   ִ (2) ̸
     ִ.  (ĳ ϴ)    Ǹ 
    쿡  ҿ  ϰ Ǹ ð ӵ
    ְ ȴ.

  ĳ ϴ    DNS (ͳ  ü DNS
  Ű named.boot Ͽ "forwarders"  )  ϴ.
  O'Reilly å(DNS and Bind) ˾ƾ    ϰ ִ.

  DNS-HOWTO  ̿  ִ.

   PC Ἥ ͳ ãƺ  ִ   ϰ
  ִٸ(   IP ޽Ŀ̵   ),   
  ϴ  (  ).  ̷  ̰ ̸
  Ǯ õ  ּȭֱ ̴.

  Ƽ Ѱ  : ͳ  ü ο ĳ ϴ 2
        ͳ  ü  ޾ƾ Ѵ.
  Ȯϰ   DNS ͳ  ü ƹ 
  Ű ʰ ߸      ִ.

  22.  PPP Ἥ  Ʈũ ϱ

  ⺻  PC ϳ PPP  ϴ ̳  ִ
  迡 PPP Ἥ  Ʈũ ϴ Ϳ ƹ ̰ .
  PPP  ̶  .

   Ʈ    ˾ƾ  ʿ ִ.
  NET-2 howto  Ʈũ  ħ(NAG:Linux Network
  Administrator Guide) о. "TCP/IP Network Administrator
  Administration"(O'Reilly տ  - ISBN 0-937175-82-X)
  ġְ ſ   ̴.

     IP Ʈũ ּ  Ʈũ  Ѵٸ,
  (ʰ) Linux sub networking mini-howto   ̴. ̰
  Linux Sub networking mini-HOWTO
  <http://www.interweft.com.au/other/>   ִ.

     ̶ ݵ ٸ IP Ʈũ ּ(Ǵ 
  Ʈũ ּ  Ʈũ ȣ) ϰ  IP ּҰ
  ʿϴ-IP ޽Ŀ̵带 ų-. IP ޽Ŀ̵带 , ϴ
   Ұ IP masquerade mini-howto .

  22.1.  IP ּ 

  PPP ̽   ϰ  IP ּҴ ٸ  Ʈũ
  Ʈũ ڿ ԰ ģ.  IP   , Ƹ 
  ȭȣ ϶  ̴.

    /etc/ppp/options[.ttyXX]  Ѵ - ʿ 
     𵩰 Ʈ   .Ƹ
  /etc/ppp/options ٲ  ̴ - ׸ ٸ 
   options.ttyXX   Ѵ.
  ռ  ó  û Ͽٰ PPP   
  Ȯ  IP ּҷ IP ּҸ ־ Ѵ.

  22.2.  Ʈ 

    Ʈũ Ŷ PPP   ̽ ̸
  Ʈ  ֵ ־߸ Ѵ. ⿡  ܰ  ִ.

  ٵ , PPP Ʈũ ϴ κ   
  Ʈũ Ʈ  Ѵ. Ʈũ ͳ  ȴٸ,
     pppd û 'default route' Ἥ pppd
  ü ⺻ Ʈ ġ ȴ.

  , ΰ  ϴ  ̶,  ̿   ִ
   Ʈũ  Ư Ʈũ Ʈ ٿ  Ѵ.
  /etc/ppp/ip-up ũƮ  Ʈũ  'route'  Ἥ
  ش. (ϴ   Ұ  Ŀ..  .)

  ι° ؾ  ٸ ǻͿ  ǻͰ ppp   
   'gateway' ˷ִ ̴.

  ,  ݴ  Ʈũ ڰ  ̰  ־
  Ѵ.  ڰ  Ư Ʈũ Ʈ Ŷ 
  쿡 ⺻ Ʈ ƴ϶ Ư Ʈũ Ʈ ʿϴ(
         ͳ ̿Ϸ 
  ƴ϶).

  22.3.  Ʈũ 

  PPP Ἥ ͳݿ  ϴ  - Ǵ ܼ "ܺ" 
  ϴ ,      Ѵ. ȣ
  ϴ     Ѵ!!!

  ܺ ̳ ͳݿ ̷  ϱ     
  ڿ ݵ ־ Ѵ. ׷ ߴٸ ¥ ɰ 
  ε  ƹ  ϰ   ִ.

  23.   Ŀ - /etc/ppp/ip-up ũƮ

  ϴ PPP  Ǹ pppd /etc/ppp/ip-up  ã´. 
  ũƮ ְ డϸ PPP   ũƮ Ų.
  ̰  ʼ Ư Ʈ ̳ PPP  Ȱ 
  Ͼ ϴ   ڵȭ  ִ.

  ̰   ũƮ̸  ũƮ   ִ    
  ִ( ϰ   )

     ť ٸ    ٷ 
  sendmail   ִ.

  ϰ, ͳ  ü ʿ  ̴ ڿ(pop 
  ) ޱ  ip-up    ִ.

  /etc/ppp/ip-up  ִ:-

  o  ̰    ֵ ɻϿ ѵ ȯ濡
     ȴ. ̰    θ ־ Ѵٴ 
     Ѵ.

  o    , /etc/ppp/ip-up ũƮ ƴ϶ α׷̴.
       డϴٴ ̴ - ׸ ׷ ù ࿡ ǥ 
     (#!/bin/bash) ʿϰ Ʈ б, ϱⰡ ؾ Ѵ.

  23.1.  Ư Ʈ

    ϰ ִٸ, 'ܺ'   Ư Ʈ 
  ־ Ѵ. ̰ /etc/ppp/ip-up  . 谡  PPP 
   쿡 ư ȴ.

  ̴ /etc/ppp/ip-up  ppp    Ǳ ̴. 
  Ư  ̷  -   ٸ  ̷ 
  ƴϰ- Ȯ Ʈ  ɽ  ʿ䰡 ִ!

  23.2.   ť ٷ

  ΰ   ,   ׿ִ ڿ ⸦ ٶ
  ̴ -   -. ̰  sendmail 
  ̸ ȴ.

  pppd  ̸ Ϸϴ ũƮ    Ű 转
  'case'  Ѵ.  츮 Ʈũ   ̴ݿ
    ٷ  /etc/ppp/ip-up ũƮ ׷ ̴.( ppp
   ٷ.)

  23.3.  /etc/ppp/ip-up  ũƮ

    پ   ش.

  ______________________________________________________________________
  #!/bin/bash
  #
  # pppd ʿ Ͱ  쿡  Ʈ ٷ ũƮ
  # ̷ ٷ  ʿ ʺڸ  
  #
  # ppp  Ǿ ,  ũƮ    ȣȴ.
  #       $1      pppd  ̽ ̸(  pppd)
  #       $2      tty ġ ̸
  #       $3      tty ġ ӵ
  #       $4      ̽   IP ּ
  #       $5       IP ּ
  #       $6      pppd  'ipparam'û ǵǴ 
  case "$5" in
  #  ķ۽   Ʈ ٷ.
          202.12.126.1)
                  /sbin/route add -net 202.12.126.0 gw 202.12.126.1
  #  ť Ƴ   ڿ ޾ƿ´.
                  /usr/sbin/sendmail -q &
                 ;;
          139.130.177.2)
  # ͳ  Ǿ ,  Ǿ  ʴٸ ð 
  # ϰ  ð ġŲ.
                  if [ ! -f /var/lock/subsys/xntpd ]; then
                          /etc/rc.d/init.d/xntpd.init start &
                  fi
                  ;;
  # (  ʴٸ)   Ѵ.
                  if [ ! -f /var/lock/subsys/news ]; then
                          /etc/rc.d/init.d/news start &
                  fi
                  ;;
          203.18.8.104)
  #     ڿ  .
  #  ̴ IP ޽Ŀ̵ proxyarp  ǹǷ
  #  ʿ ʴ.
                  /usr/sbin/sendmail -q &
                  ;;
          *)
  esac
  exit 0
  ______________________________________________________________________

  츮  ķ۽ ppp  ũƮ  ,  
  ̺    ȴ(   Ϲ ȭɱ PPP
  ̰, 츮 ͳ  ٷ).    ϴµ
   ؼ ¿ ּ ƳҴ.:-

  ______________________________________________________________________
  [root@kepler /root]# route -n
  Kernel routing table
  Destination     Gateway         Genmask         Flags MSS    Window Use Iface
  #  ͳ Ʈ̸  ȣƮ Ʈ̴.
  139.130.177.2   *               255.255.255.255 UH    1500   0      134 ppp4
  # 츮  ķ۽   ȣƮ Ʈ̴.
  202.12.126.1    *               255.255.255.255 UH    1500   0       82 ppp5
  #   ̴  ȣƮ Ʈ̴.
  203.18.8.104    *               255.255.255.255 UH    1500   0       74 ppp3
  # ΰ Ϲ ȭɱ PPP ȸ̴.
  203.18.8.64     *               255.255.255.255 UH    552    0        0 ppp2
  203.18.8.62     *               255.255.255.255 UH    552    0        1 ppp1
  #  ķ۽   Ư Ʈũ Ʈ̴.
  202.12.126.0    202.12.126.1    255.255.255.0   UG    1500   0        0 ppp5
  #  ̴ݿ  Ʈ̴.(ΰ  C ׷ Ʈũ)
  203.18.8.0      *               255.255.254.0   U     1500   0     1683 eth0
  # ȯ ġ  Ʈ̴.
  127.0.0.0       *               255.0.0.0       U     3584   0      483 lo
  # ͳ  ⺻ Ʈ̴.
  default         139.130.177.2   *               UG    1500   0     3633 ppp4
  ______________________________________________________________________

  23.4.  ڿ ٷ

    ܺη  ڿ ٷ  ش - ܼ
  Ǿ   ť Ƴ ̴.

  Ʈũ  Ű ̶,  Ʈũ ڿ
  Բ   Ȯϰ    ̴.   Ʈũ
    ķ۽   , /etc/ppp/ip-up ũƮ 
  :-

  ______________________________________________________________________
  #!/bin/bash
  #
  # pppd ʼ   Ʈ ٷ ũƮ 巣忡 
  # Ḹ   䱸Ѵ.
  #
  # Ǿ  ũƮ    ȣȴ.
  #       $1      pppd  ̽ ̸( ppp3)
  #       $2      tty ġ ̸
  #       $3      tty ġ ӵ
  #       $4      ̽   IP ּ
  #       $5       IP ּ
  #       $6      pppd 'ipparam' û  Ű
  case "$5" in
          203.18.8.4)
                  /usr/sbin/sendmail -q
                  ;;
          *)
  esac
  exit 0
  ______________________________________________________________________

  ׷  IP PPP Ḹ ͳ  ü  ϰ  ,
  ͳ  ü   ڿ ޾ƿ ʿ䰡 ִ. 
  ̰ POP(ü :Post Office Protocol) Ἥ ϰ ȴ. 
   'popclient' α׷  ٷ  ִ -  ip-up
  ũƮ    ڵȭ  ִ!

  ϰ popclient  ȣ ϴ /etc/ppp/ip-up ũƮ
   ȴ.     ž(   ٴѴ)
   ̷.

  ______________________________________________________________________
  popclient -3 -c -u hartr -p <password> kepler.hedland.edu.au |formail -s procmail
  ______________________________________________________________________

    ؼ slurp̳    ͵   ִ.
    ip-up ũƮ 转 ũƮ ̸,   PPP
   ̷  ̷ ʿ䰡 ִ  ɵ ڵȭϴµ
    ִٴ ̴.

  24.  /etc/ppp/ip-down  

     ų ũƮ   ִ. ̴ /etc/ppp/ip-
  down ȴ. ̰ /etc/ppp/ip-up ũƮ ؼ Ư 
   ׸δ    ִ.

  25.    Ʈ

      迡 PPP  ʹٸ, 
  迡  (̴ ̽ ) ޾ƾ Ʈ Ŷ 
    ʸӷ  Ʈ Ŷ    ־ Ѵ.

   忡 Ʈ   Ϸ ϴ  ƴϴ -
  ⼭ () Ʈ ϰ Ư 츦 ٷ ̴.

  Ʈ ٸ  Ʈũ  ħ(NAG) е 
  ϴ ٴ. , O'Reilly å "TCP/IP Network Administration" 
    ϱ  ٷ ִ.

   Ʈ ⺻ Ģ Ʈũ ּ κ Ű 
  ⺻ Ʈ ̴. ٸ Ʈũ ؼ  ̺
  Ư Ʈ ־ Ѵ.

  ⼭ ٷ ϴ  Ȳ  谡 ͳݿ Ǿ 
     ְ -   Ǿ ִ ǿ  
   ͳݿ ȭ  Ȳ̴.

  ٵ , ̴ Ʈ  ̿ 밡 Ư
  Ʈũ ּҷ Ǿ ִ - ⺻ Ʈδ Ǿ  ʰ
  - Ȯؾ Ѵ!

  route  ༭ Ʈ  ,      ִ:-

  [root@hwin /root]# route -n
  Kernel routing table
  Destination     Gateway         Genmask         Flags MSS    Window Use Iface
  loopback        *               255.255.255.0   U     1936   0       50 lo
  10.0.0.0        *               255.255.255.0   U     1436   0      565eth0

   ̴ ̽(eth0) ⺻ Ʈ Ű ִٸ, (eth0
  ࿡ ִ ù° ĭ "default" .) ̴ ʱȭ ũƮ
  ļ ⺻ Ʈ ƴ϶ Ư Ʈũ ּҸ Ű ؾ
  Ѵ(NET2 HOWTO NAG  ).

  pppd Ʒó ⺻ Ʈ   ְ Ѵ.:-

       [root@hwin /root]# route -n
       Kernel routing table

       Destination     Gateway         Genmask         Flags MSS    Window Use Iface
       10.144.153.51   *               255.255.255.255 UH    488    0        0 ppp0
       127.0.0.0       *               255.255.255.0   U     1936   0       50 lo
       10.1.0.0        *               255.255.255.0   U     1436   0      569 eth0
       default         10.144.153.51   *               UG    488    0        3 ppp0

    ִ ó, ppp0  PPP (10.144.153.51)  ȣƮ
  Ʈ  Ǿ, PPP  Ʈ ̷  ⺻ Ʈũ
  Ʈ  Ǿ.

  ؾ ϴ  ̰ͺ  ϴٸ - ̹ ߴ Ʈ 
   а    ؾ Ѵ.

   ̹ ͸  ִٸ, Ʈ 밡  
  Ʈũ  Ʈ̸ ̹  ִ ̴.  ⺻
  Ʈ PPP ̽ Ű ϰ - ϰ ִ Ʈũ
  Ű ٸ Ư Ʈ  ش.

  25.1.  ȿ  

     ִ  踦 ͳݿ  , 
   ü  ͳݿ ϴ ̴ - ũĿ ͳݿ
  ִ. ̷ ϱ , ϰ õϴ , Ʈũ ڿ Ʈ
   ڿ ؾ Ѵ.  ͳݿ   PPP 
   Ʈ ݴߴٸ, ּ  ڵ, Ʈũ ý
   ô ȭ  ̴. ƴϸ  ɰ  ϰ 
  ̴.

   ͳݿ ϱ ,    ġ 
  غƾ Ѵ - ׷ O'Reilly "Building Internet Firewalls"
   ض!

  26.  PPP  

  ̹  , ̰ ϴµ   ִ.  ִ
     ̴(Cyclades  Ʈ  ī 
  ȭȸ ȸ ȭ ).

      ʴ´ٸ, ϰ   ϸ ȴ. , 
  Ͽ ʳ    ְ ʹ. ׷ϱ  
   Ѵ!

   ,    PPP  ϴ  Ѵٴ
  ̴.  Ư ܸ     ϴ 
     .

  , shadow йȣ  ߴ( ϰ  ). 
  ⿡ ִ , , shadow ؼ 䱸Ǵ  
    .

  26.1.  Ŀ 

  Ŀ ϰ Ŀ   pppd ؼ տ   ״
  ȴ.  忡    κ ̹   Ѵ!

  PPP  ؼ, Ŀο IP forwarding ݵ ؾ Ѵ.
  ٸ ɷ ϰ  ׷ Ѵ(IP fire walls, accounting
  ).

   -Ʈ  ī带  ִٸ, Ŀ  ʿ ̹
  Ȯ ؾ߸ Ѵ.

  26.2.   ýۿ  

  츮  ̸/йȣ   ȭɱ PPP( SLIP)  
   Ѵ. ̷ ϸ (츮μ)  ڰ ϳ 
   ǰ    ¿  ̰   ִ 
  ִ.

  츮  ̱ , ϴ γ л鿡  
  ʿ䰡 ,  ⳪      ʿ䰡 .

  Ʈ ͳ ̿ ȣ ϰ ִµ, ȭ ȸ 츮
  (ͳ) ȣ ȿ ֱ     Ѵ(
    , 츮 ٸ  ȣ  λ ⿡
    ,  쿡  ʴ.)

  츮 Ʈ PPP  Ϸ ڰ ġ ( ȿ
     쿡):-

  o  Ʈ ȭ ȭѴ(̰  ࿡ Ǵ ȭȣ ϳ
     -  ִ ù° ȭ ̰ ȴ. )

  o  ȿ  ̸ йȣ  Ѵ.

  o   ࿡. ppp  ָ  PPP ϰ Ѵ.

  o  ڱ PC PPP Ѵ(, , , MAC OS,
      ̵ - װ  ).

     ȭ  Ʈ  IP ȣ  ֱ
    /etc/ppp/options.ttyXX  . ̰ 
  Ʈ Ʈ  ʿ䰡 .

   ʿ  Ǹ, pppd ̰ ˾Ƴ 𵩿 
  ϸ, ÿ PPP   ش.

  26.3.  α׷ Բ ޱ

   α׷ ʿϴ:-

  o  , ʿ û ؼ Ȯ ϵ 

  o  Ŀο    pppd

  o     ٷ 'getty' α׷
     츮 getty_ps2.0.7h , mgetty ũ ϰ ִ.
     mgetty pap/chap(pap 95 ǥ̴)  ȭ
      pppd ڵ ҷ  ˰ , 
     Žϴ ̴.

  o  ȭ  ڵ   ִ ۵    (DNS).
     ϴٸ  DNS ¥ ϰ ־ ...

  26.4.  ǥ ( ) ȭɱ 

  PPP  ϱ ,   ȭɱ  ٷ  ִ
  ɷ ־ Ѵ.

   ¿ų ̰ ϴ  ٷ ʴ´. ̿ 
    getty  serial HOWTO .

  26.5.  PPP û  

   ȭɱ Ʈ   û /etc/ppp/options
  Ͽ ؾ Ѵ. 츮  û:-

  ______________________________________________________________________
  asyncmap 0
  netmask 255.255.254.0
  proxyarp
  lock
  crtscts
  modem
  ______________________________________________________________________

   -  () Ʈ  ʴ´ - Ư ⺻ Ʈ
  û . ׷ ϴ  (PPP μ)䱸Ǵ ̶
  ppp Ŭ̾Ʈ κ Ŷ ޾ /ͳ ƮŰ
  Ŭ̾Ʈ /ͳݿ Ŷ ޾ ƮŰ  ̱
  ̴.

  ⿡ ʿ ̶ Ŭ̾Ʈ   ȣƮ Ʈ pppd
   'proxyarp' û  ̴.

  ⺻ 'proxyarp' û 'PPP Ŭ̾Ʈ ʿ  
  Ŷ  ' ϴ PPP  ARP ̺ ִ  ARP
   Ѵ(Ե). ̰ ϳ PPP Ŭ̾Ʈ 
  Ʈ ϴ   ̴ -  ΰ  Ʈϴ
  ̶   . -  ARP     Ʈũ
  Ʈ ߰ؾ߸ Ѵ.

  Ƹ  ȭ Ŵ ڵ  IP ּ Ҵ ϱ
  ϴ°  Ȯ ̴. ̰  ȭޱ Ʈ IP ȣ
  Ҵϸ   ִ.   ȭޱ Ʈ
  /etc/ppp/options.ttyXX .

  ⿡,  ()IP ּҸ ־ְ,  Ʈ  IP
  ּҸ ־ָ ȴ.  

  ______________________________________________________________________
  kepler:slip01
  ______________________________________________________________________

  Ư,  Ͽ ȿ ȣƮ ̸   ִٴ Ϳ
  Ѵ(   Ʈũ ִ  ġ IP ּҸ
  ϴµ Ѱ谡  ˰ ִ - ̸ ξ  ǹִ)!

  26.6.  ڵ ()   ֵ pppd ϱ

  ppp  Ŀ ġ(Ʈũ ̽) ϰ Ŀ 
  ̺    䱸ϱ  Ư Ư 䱸ȴ - 
   Ʈ .

  , pppd Ϲݻڰ Ʈ Ư   ֵ ص
  ''ϵ Ǿ. ׷Ƿ ̷ ϸ ȴ.

  ______________________________________________________________________
  chmod u+s /usr/sbin/pppd
  ______________________________________________________________________

   غ, ̷  δ.

  ______________________________________________________________________
  -rwsr-xr-x   1 root     root        74224 Apr 28 07:17 /usr/sbin/pppd
  ______________________________________________________________________

  ̷  , ڴ ppp    .

  26.7.  pppd   

  ȭŴ PPP ڵ ϴ  ϰ ֱ ؼ, 츮
  ڵ α     ʿ  ppp
  ϵ  (/etc/bashrcȿ) .

   .

  ______________________________________________________________________
  alias ppp="exec /usr/sbin/pppd -detach"
  ______________________________________________________________________

  ̰ ϴ 

  o  exec :   α׷(   ü)  α׷
     ٲ.

  o  pppd -detach : pppd ϰ ۾ б . pppd
     ִ  ٸ    ش.

  ڰ ̷ α  'w'  Ʒ  δ.

  ______________________________________________________________________
    6:24pm  up 3 days,  7:00,  4 users,  load average: 0.05, 0.03, 0.00
  User     tty       login@  idle   JCPU   PCPU  what
  hartr    ttyC0     3:05am  9:14                -
  ______________________________________________________________________

  ׸ ̰ ٴ... ̰ ϰ, ⺻ PPP  ý̶
    ִ!

  27.   ( )  ̿ PPP 

  ̰ ſ ϴ - ̿    ϴ.

  ٵ   ϳ '' , 'Ŭ̾Ʈ ' 
  Ʈ Ű  ̴   ִ ɷ  ִ
  ׽Ʈ   ֵ  Ʈ  getty Ѵ.

    ߾, ȭɱ ῡ ó  ̸/йȣ
   ȿȭ Ű    ƴ϶ getty ش. 
  θ ' վȿ' ΰ ִ ̶, ̷   
  ߴ.

  , , getty ְ 'setserial' Ἥ  迡 
  Ʈ Ȯϰ Ǿ Ȯؾ Ѵ.

   ؾ    迡 pppd ϴ ̴.  迡
  ῡ  /dev/ttyS334 Ѵٰ ϰڴ. ׷  迡
    Ѵ:-

  ______________________________________________________________________
  pppd -detach crtscts lock <local IP>:<remote IP> /dev/ttyS3 38400 &
  ______________________________________________________________________

  ̰   ش -   ƹ Ʈ  ʾҴ.
    迡  ν    ִ. ̰ ۵ϸ,
   pppd  ׿  ´.

  ʿ Ʈ   Ϸ ϴ° ޷ִ. Ϲ, 
  ϳ ̴( ׳ʸ) Ǿ   Ʈ Ȯ PPP
   Ŭ̾Ʈ  䱸ȴ.

   ̴ ġ 迡 pppd  ̷  ̴.

  ______________________________________________________________________
  pppd -detach crtscts lock proxyarp <local IP>:<remote IP> /dev/ttyS3 38400 &
  ______________________________________________________________________

  ٸ 迡 ̷ ȴ.

  ______________________________________________________________________
  pppd -detach crtscts lock defaultroute <local IP>:<remote IP> /dev/ttyS3 38400 &
  ______________________________________________________________________

  ΰ Ʈũ ( !)  쳪   Ʈ 䱸
   ִٸ,   տ ̹  Ͱ   
  /etc/ppp/ip-up   ִ.

  ιƮ Ʈ
  Ʈ 鷣,  Ʈϸ
  , 丮, Ʈϸ 1996 8/10 1997 1/ 3

