  Linux From Scratch

  Gerard Beekmans

  Version 2.2, April 3rd, 2000
  ϳ

   2.2, 2000 5 5

    ʿ Ʈ ҽڵ常 Ͽ ̹ ġǾ ִ
   κ и  ý   
    ϰ ִ.

  ______________________________________________________________________

  

  1. Ұ
     1.1 ̰͵  ϴ ΰ?
     1.2  
     1.3  
     1.4 ϸƮ
        1.4.1 ϱ
        1.4.2 Żϱ
     1.5 ó
     1.6  

  2.   ̴ 
     2.1 $LFS ؼ
     2.2 Ʈ ޴ 
     2.3 Ʈ ġϴ 

  3. ٿ Ű
     3.1 ʼ Ʈ
     3.2   Ʈ

  4.  ý غ
     4.1  س 
     4.2  Ƽ 
     4.3  Ƽ  ext2  ý 
     4.4  Ƽ Ʈϱ
     4.5 丮 
     4.6 /dev 丮 

  5. LFS ý  ϵ 
     5.1 Sysvinit ġ
     5.2 Sysvinit 
     5.3 passwd  group  
     5.4 Bash  ġ
     5.5 LILO Ʈ ߰
     5.6 ý ˻

  6. Ŀ ġ
     6.1 ftp.kernel.org  ǻ
     6.2 Ŀ 
     6.3 LILO 
     6.4 ý ˻

  7. ⺻ ý Ʈ ġ
     7.1  ɺ Ͽ
     7.2 ⺻ ý Ʈ ġ  LFS ý غ
        7.2.1 Binutils ġ
        7.2.2 Bzip2 ġ
        7.2.3 Diffutils ġ
        7.2.4 Fileutils ġ
        7.2.5 ʿ   ýۿ GCC ġϱ
        7.2.6 LFS ýۿ GCC ġϱ
           7.2.6.1 ʿ ɺ ũ 
        7.2.7 Glibc ġ
           7.2.7.1  NSS ̺귯 ϵ 
        7.2.8 grep ġ
        7.2.9 gzip ġ
        7.2.10 Make ġ
        7.2.11 Sed ġ
        7.2.12 Sh-utils ġ
        7.2.13 Tar ġ
        7.2.14 Textutils ġ
        7.2.15 Util-linux ġ
     7.3 ⺻ ý Ʈ ġ
        7.3.1 Ƽ 縶Ʈϰ  Ȱȭϱ
        7.3.2 GCC ġ
        7.3.3 Bison ġ
        7.3.4 Mawk ġ
        7.3.5 Findutils ġ
        7.3.6 Termcap ġ
        7.3.7 Ncurses ġ
        7.3.8 Less ġ
        7.3.9 Perl ġ
        7.3.10 M4 ġ
        7.3.11 Texinfo ġ
        7.3.12 Autoconf ġ
        7.3.13 Automake ġ
        7.3.14 Installing Bash Bash ġ
        7.3.15 Installing Flex Flex ġ
        7.3.16 Binutils ġ
        7.3.17 Bzip2 ġ
        7.3.18 Diffutils ġ
        7.3.19 E2fsprogs ġ
        7.3.20 File ġ
        7.3.21 Fileutils ġ
        7.3.22 Grep ġ
        7.3.23 Groff ġ
        7.3.24 Gzip ġ
        7.3.25 Ld.so ġ
        7.3.26 Libtool ġ
        7.3.27 Linux86 ġ
        7.3.28 Lilo ġ
        7.3.29 Make ġ
        7.3.30 Sh-Utils ġ
        7.3.31 Shadow Password Suite ġ
        7.3.32 Man ġ
        7.3.33 Modutils ġ
        7.3.34 Procinfo ġ
        7.3.35 Procps ġ
        7.3.36 Psmisc ġ
        7.3.37 Sed ġ
        7.3.38 start-stop-daemon ġ
        7.3.39 Sysklogd ġ
        7.3.40 Sysvinit ġ
        7.3.41 Tar ġ
        7.3.42 Textutils ġ
        7.3.43 Vim ġ
        7.3.44 Util-linux ġ
     7.4  NSS ̺귯 ϵ 
     7.5 Ʈ 
        7.5.1 Glib 
        7.5.2 LILO 
        7.5.3 Sysklogd 
        7.5.4 Shadow Password Suite 
        7.5.5 Sysvinit 
        7.5.6 /var/run/utmp  

  8. ý Ʈ ũƮ 
     8.1 丮   غ
     8.2 reboot ũƮ 
     8.3 halt ũƮ 
     8.4 mountfs ũƮ 
     8.5 umountfs ũƮ 
     8.6 sendsignals ũƮ 
     8.7 checkroot Ʈ ũƮ 
     8.8 Sysklogd Ʈ ũƮ 
     8.9 ɺ ũ  
     8.10 /etc/fstab  

  9. ⺻ Ʈŷ 
     9.1 Netkit-base ġϱ
     9.2 Net-tools ġ
        9.2.1 /etc/init.d/localnet ƮũƮ 
        9.2.2 Ѱ ɺ ũ 
        9.2.3 /etc/hostname  
        9.2.4 /etc/hosts  
        9.2.5 /etc/init.d/ethnet  
        9.2.6 /etc/init.d/ethnet Ѱ ɺ ũ Ѵ.
        9.2.7 Ʈ  
     9.3 ý ˻

  10. Ʈ  ġ
     10.1 SMTP ϱ
        10.1.1 group user 
        10.1.2 丮 
        10.1.3 Sendmail ġ
        10.1.4 Sendmail 
        10.1.5 Procmail ġ
        10.1.6 /etc/init.d/sendmail ƮũƮ ۼ
        10.1.7 Ѱ ɺ ũ Ѵ.
     10.2 FTP 
        10.2.1 user group 
        10.2.2 Proftpd ġ
        10.2.3 /etc/init.d/proftpd ƮũƮ ۼ
        10.2.4 Ѱ ɺ ũ 
     10.3 HTTP 
        10.3.1 Apache ġ
        10.3.2 Apache 
        10.3.3 /etc/init.d/apache ƮũƮ 
        10.3.4 Ѱ ɺ ũ 
     10.4 Telnet 
        10.4.1 telnet  Ŭ̾Ʈ ġ
        10.4.2 /etc/inetd.conf  .
        10.4.3 /etc/init.d/inetd ƮũƮ 
        10.4.4 Ѱ ɺ ũ 
     10.5 PPP 
        10.5.1 Ŀ ϱ
        10.5.2 group 
        10.5.3 PPP ġ
        10.5.4 /etc/resolv.conf 
        10.5.5 /etc/ppp/peers/provider  
        10.5.6 /etc/chatscripts/provider 
        10.5.7 ȣ   

  11. Ʈ Ŭ̾Ʈ ġ
     11.1 Email Ŭ̾Ʈ ġϱ
        11.1.1 Mailx ġ
        11.1.2 Mutt ġ
        11.1.3 Fetchmail ġ
        11.1.4 email ý ˻
     11.2 FTP Ŭ̾Ʈ ġ
        11.2.1 Netkit-ftp ġ
        11.2.2 FTP ý ˻
     11.3 HTTP Ŭ̾Ʈ ġ
        11.3.1 Zlib ġ
        11.3.2 Lynx ġ
        11.3.3 HTTP ý ˻
     11.4 ڳ Ŭ̾Ʈ ġ
        11.4.1 ڳ ý ˻
     11.5 PPP Ŭ̾Ʈ ġ
        11.5.1  ũƮ ۼϱ
        11.5.2   ũƮ ۼϱ
        11.5.3 PPP ý ˻

  12. X  ý ġ
     12.1 X ġ
     12.2 /etc/ld.so.conf 
     12.3 /usr/include/X11 ɺ ũ 
     12.4 Creating the /usr/X11 symlink /usr/X11 ɺ ũ 
     12.5 /usr/X11/bin $PATH ȯ  ߰ϱ
     12.6 X 
     12.7 X ׽Ʈ
     12.8 Window Maker ġ
     12.9 Window Maker ġ  ý غ
        12.9.1 libPropList ġ
        12.9.2 libXpm ġ
        12.9.3 libpng ġ
        12.9.4 libtiff ġ
        12.9.5 libjpeg ġ
        12.9.6 libungif ġ
        12.9.7 WindowMaker ġ
     12.10  δ ĳ 
     12.11 WindowMaker 
     12.12 WindowMaker ˻

  13. ڷ
     13.1 å
     13.2 Ͽ 
     13.3 Ÿ

  14. 
  15. Copyright & Licensing Information

  ______________________________________________________________________

  1.  Ұ

  1.1.  ̰͵  ϴ ΰ?

          Ϳ Ϻ 
  ߴ. Ʈ ũƮ  ִ ̳ Ư α׷
  ⺻ Ǿ ִ     ʾҴ.  
  ýۿ Ϻ  ϰ    ó  
  ý  Ѵٴ  ݰ Ǿ. ̻δ ҽ
  ڵ常 Ͽ.   ̹ ϵ Ű . 
  ⺻ ƿƼ ġϴ cdrom̳ Ʈũ  .
     ý ϰ  ̸ и 
  ý   װ  ̴.

      ſ ư   Ұ .
  κ    Ư α׷ ۵   
  ̾.        ذ Ŀ
   ý ռ  Ϻ ۵Ͽ.   ý
  LinuxFromScratch Ÿ LFS ý̶ Īߴ.

  1.2.   

  http://www.linuxfromscratch.org    ֽ  
    ִ.

  1.3.   

  2.1.5 - March 26th, 2000 2.1.5 - 2000 3 26

  Ʒ   ü  ƴϴ. v2.0   
  ̹Ƿ ߿ ȭ ޵Ǿ ׷   Ǿ.

  o  丮  Ǿ -  LFS FHS ؼѴ.  100%
      ƴ ϰ ִ.

  o  ο Glibc ġ 

  o  ο GCC ġ 

  o  ̸ ϵ  Ű ʿ Ǿ.

  o    Ʈ ġ  - 6.1   ũ
     Ű ̻ ʿ Ǿ.

  o  Ʈ ġ  װ Ǿ.

  o  util-linux Ű    α׷ ġߴ.

  o  Bzip2 α׷ ġ ߰Ǿ.

  o  $LFS    ڼ Ͽ - ̸  
      ʴ .

  o  5忡 9.1  Ű ġ  ȭϿ.

  o  ʿ     Glibc GCC ġ 7
     ̵Ͽ.

  o  ͳ    Ͽ: Network Daemon  κа
     Network Clients  κ. ͳ      κе
     .

  o  13 14(X ͳ) ٲپ X Window Maker  
     14 Ͽ.

  o  츮 ο Man α׷ Ѵ. ̴ 츮   man-
     db α׷    .     
     Ѵ.

  o  13 ߰Ͽ: ڿ.    LFS ý ġϴ
     ̳ ġ Ŀ    å HOWTO  ִ.

  o  3: bzip2 ũ  

  o  7.2.42: Util-Linux ġ  ȭ

  o  3.1: procps ġ 

  o  7.2: Vim Util-Linux ġ  ٲ (Util-Linux ġϴ
      츮 Ͱ ʿϱ ̴)

  o  7.3.33: procps ġ  

  o  5.2: Ʈÿ  ٴ   ʵ inittab 
     ߴ.

  o  6: Ŀ ġκ ۼ

  o  10.3: ġ ƮũƮ  

  o  10.3.2: httpd.conf  ġ Ϳ  κ Ͽ.
     ̻ ʿ ʴ. /usr/apache/man /usr/share/misc/man.conf
     ߰Ѵٴ  ־.

  o  11.1: ġ  ȭϱ ؼ  ϴ Makefile 
     ֵ  mailx Ű Ͽ.

  o  11.3.1: Zlib  ƴ϶  ̺귯 ġǵ
     configure --share ġ ߰Ͽ.

  o  11.6: Lynx Slang  Ncurses ̺귯 ũǵ Ͽ.

  o  12: ο man-db ̹ man_db.config Ͽ X11/man 丮
      ִ.

  2.2 - April 3rd, 2000 2.2 - 2000 4 3

  o   linuxfromscratch.org linuxfromscratch.com  ۵Ѵ.
     huizen.dds.nl/~glb tts.ookhoi.dds.nl    ũ
     www.linuxfromscratch.org ˸ ũ üǾ.

  o  7.3忡  Ŀ 츮 Ʈ  ϱ 
      Ƽ Ƽ  ȴ.

  1.4.  ϸƮ

     ִ ϸƮ   ִ. lfs-discuss lfs-
  announce Ʈ. ڴ    ̸   õ
   ͵̶   ִ. ڴ  ִ ϸƮ̴.
       Ʈ     ( ڸ
    ִ).  Ʈ ַ      ˸ 
  ȴ.

    lfs-discuss Ʈ Ѵٸ lfs-announce Ʈ
   ʿ . lfs-announce Ʈ    lfs-discuss
  Ʈε .

  1.4.1.  ϱ

  Ʈ ϱ ؼ  subscribe lfs-discuss  subscribe
  lfs-announce   email majordomo@fist.org  ȴ.

  Majordomo п Ȯ û email  ̴.  email 
  ڵ带  ִ.   email Majordomo  
  ( email ȿ ִ)  Ϸ ̴.

  1.4.2.  Żϱ

  Ʈ Żϱ ؼ  unsubscribe lfs-discuss ̳
  unsubscribe lfs-announce ̶  email majordomo@fist.org  
  ȴ.

  1.5.  ó

     ϸ ϸ Ʈ ÷ֱ ٶ. 
    ؾ Ѵٸ gerard@linuxfromscratch.org 
   ȴ.

  Ÿ  Ÿ  ؼ alita@kldp.org  ֱ ٶ.

  1.6.   

  LFS ϳ ϳ   鼭  ϰ ߴ ȹ  ʰ
  ϴ ̶ ΰ  ư鼭 ܼ 
  Ǿϴ.:( ״ Ưϰ ٷο    v2.2 
  ü װ 緮 Ǿ ֱ  - п lfs-discuss mailing
  list   ϵ ϴ -   ؼ Ϻ 
  ִٴ    ϴ.  ׵鿡 ؼ ϸ lfs-
  discuss  Ͻñ ٶ,  v2.3 Դϴ. v2.2 ʹ
   ȣ kernel  ȣ ο     v2.4 
     ϴ.:)

  2.    ̴ 

  2.1.  $LFS ؼ

   Ǳ б ٶ:   ü ļ  $LFS 
      ̴. $LFS ׻ LFS ý ϴ Ƽ
  ƮǴ 丮 üǾ Ѵ. Ƽ   Ʈ
   ؼ  4忡 ڼ  ̴.   LFS Ƽ
  /mnt/hda5 Ʈȴ.     дٰ 򰡿 $LFS
  ٸ /mnt/hda5    ̴.  cp inittab
  $LFS/etc   ؾ Ѵٴ  д´ٸ  δ cp
  inittab /mnt/hda5/etc   ̴.

  ߿   Ʈ 󿡼 ϴ ̴ ϰų 
    ̴  д     ؾ Ѵٴ
  ̴.

   Ѵٸ LFS  ȯ    ִ. ̷ 
  /mnt/hda5   üϴ  $LFS    ִ. 
   ϸ ȴ: export LFS=/mnt/hda5

   cp inittab $LFS/etc   д´ٸ cp inittab $LFS/etc 
   ĥ      cp inittab /mnt/hda5/etc  ڵ
  ȯ  ̴.

  ׻ LFS  Ǿ ֵ ϴ   ȵȴ.  
    ʰ ɹ ȿ ̸ Ѵٸ $LFS õǰ
    ̴. LFS     cp inittab
  $LFS/etc  inittab  /etc 丮 Ͽ 
   ý inittab   ̴. inittab  
    ֱ  ū  ƴ C ̺귯 ġ ߿
  Ǽ Ѵٸ  ý ɰϰ ջ   
  ϴ    ٽ ġؾ ̴.   LFS
      Ѵ.  ΰ $LFS 
  /mnt/hda5  üϴ  ٶϴ. /mnt/hda5 Էϴ 
  Ÿ Է    ִ ־  "no such file or
  directory"   ߻ϴ    ý ġ 
  ̴.  п   ʾҴٰ   ٶ ;)

  2.2.  Ʈ ޴ 

    ݿ ļ   ٿ   Ű
  $LFS/usr/src  丮 Ʒ ϰ ִٰ  ̴.

   δ $LFS/usr/src/sources 丮 Ͽ. sources ȿ
   0 9 丮 a z 丮 ߰
  ̴. sysvinit-2.78.tar.gz  Ű $LFS/usr/src/sources/s/
  Ʒ ȴ. bash-3.02.tar.gz  Ű
  $LFS/usr/src/sources/b/ Ʒ Ǹ  ̿ . 
   ̷   ʿ     ־
  ̴. Ű $LFS/usr/src ۿ ϰ 丮 ̵ϴ
   . ̷ ϸ 츮 Ű Ǯ ۾ ϴ $LFS/usr/src
  丮    ִ.

     ٿ޾ƾ   Ű   ִ.
  ׷  츮 LFS ý  Ƽ  ʾǷ ӽ÷
   ϴ ٸ  ؾ ϸ 4  ̰͵
  $LFS/usr/src/<somesubdirectory> ϴ   ȵȴ.

  2.3.  Ʈ ġϴ 

  Ű   𰡸 ϱ  װ  Ǯ(unpack)
  Ѵ.  Ű  tar ̰ gzip    ̴
  (̴ .tar.gz .tgz Ȯڷκ   ִ).  ungzip untar
    Ź  ʰڴ.  ܶ     
  ⸦  ̴.  .tar.bz2    ִ.  
  tar   bzip2 α׷  ̴. bzip2  ̴
  gzip      ִ. bz2  ϱ ؼ
  bzip2 α׷ ġǾ ־ Ѵ. δ ƴ κ
    α׷ ϰ   ̹  ýۿ
  ġǾ  ɼ .   ׷ ʴٸ  
  ġ  Ͽ ġѴ.

  o  Ű  ϰ ִ 丮 $LFS/usr/src
     丮 ϴ  Ѵ.

  o  tar gzip    ִٸ  Ͽ ̸ Ǭ:
     tar xvzf filename.tar.gz; rm filename.tar.gz Ȥ tar xvzf
     filename.tgz; rm filename.tgz

  o  tar bzip2    ִٸ  Ͽ ̸ Ǭ:
     tar --use-compress-prog=bzip2 -xvf filename.tar.bz2;rm
     filename.tar.bz2

  o  tarθ    ִٸ tar xvf filename.tar; rm
     filename.tar Ͽ ̸ Ǭ.

    Ǯ ٷ   ̻ ʿ  ٴ
   ϶. ̰   ̵ ƴ 縦 ؾ ϴ .
   ̵ Ű ȴٸ  Ű  ʿ  ٽ
  ٿε带 ؾ  ̴.

  Ű  Ǯ  丮 Ʒ ο 丮
   ̴ (׸     $LFS/usr/src
  丮 Ʒ Ǯٰ Ѵ). ġ  ϱ  
  丮 ̵ؾ Ѵ.    'xxx  Ǭ' 
  ȴ.  ̷  а Ǹ Ű $LFS/usr/src
  ϰ tar α׷ gzip/bzip2 Ͽ  Ǭ  
   丮 ̵ Ŀ  ġ  о Ѵ.

  Ű ġ  ̸       ִ. ҽ
  ִ 丮 ų ׳   ִ. ׳ α ߴٸ 
  . ׷  忡  Ű ʿϰ ȴٸ (7.2 
   Ʈ 7.3忡 缳ġ ̴) ̸ ٽ  
  丮   Ѵ. ׷    (
    ýۿ  LFS ý ǻ͸ 
  Ŀ ̻  ʴ )      ִ.ܼ
  make clean ϴ  ҽ Ʈ Ϻ ϰ Ѵٰ  
  .  ũƮ make clean   ŵ ʴ پ
  丮 ȿ  Ѵ.

  3.  ٿ Ű

  Ʒ    ϱ  ٿ޾ƾ  
  Ʈ ̴.  Ʈ   ִ Ʈ
  丮 ǥ ֽ ҽ  ޴   ̴.
   ȣ   ϰ  ۵Ѵٰ ˷ 
  Ÿ.  ذ    ް ȴٸ   ̴
   ޴´ (   ޾ 쿡).

  3.1.  ʼ Ʈ

  Sysvinit (2.78) : ftp://ftp.cistron.nl/pub/people/miquels/sysvinit/

  Bash (2.03) : ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/bash/

  Linux Kernel (2.2.14) : ftp://ftp.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/

  Binutils (2.9.1) : ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/binutils/

  Bzip2 (0.9.5d) : http://sourceware.cygnus.com/bzip2/

  Diff Utils (2.7) : ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/diffutils/

  File Utils (4.0) : ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/fileutils/

  GCC (2.95.2) : ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/gcc/

  Glibc (2.1.3) : ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/glibc/

  Glibc-crypt (2.1.2) : ftp://ftp.gwdg.de/pub/linux/glibc/

  Glibc-linuxthreads (2.1.3) : ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/glibc/

  Grep (2.4) : ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/grep/

  Gzip (1.2.4) : ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/gzip/

  Make (3.78.1) : ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/make/

  Sed (3.02) : ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/sed/

  Shell Utils (2.0) : ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/sh-utils/

  Tar (1.13) : ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/tar/

  Text Utils (2.0) : ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/textutils/

  Util Linux (2.10f) : ftp://ftp.win.tue.nl/pub/linux/utils/util-linux/

  Bison (1.28) : ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/bison/

  Mawk (1.3.3) : ftp://ftp.whidbey.net/pub/brennan/

  Find Utils (4.1) : ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/findutils/

  Ncurses (5.0) : ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/ncurses/

  Less (340) : ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/less/

  Perl (5.005_03) : ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/perl/

  M4 (1.4) : ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/m4/

  Texinfo (4.0) : ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/texinfo/

  Autoconf (2.13) : ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/autoconf/

  Automake (1.4) : ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/automake/

  Flex (2.5.4a) : ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/flex/

  E2fsprogs (1.18) : ftp://tsx-11.mit.edu/pub/linux/packages/ext2fs/

  File (3.26) :
  http://www.linuxfromscratch.org/download/file-3.26-lfs.tar.gz

  Groff (1.15) : ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/groff/

  Ld.so (1.9.9) : ftp://tsx-11.mit.edu/pub/linux/packages/GCC/

  Libtool (1.3.4) : ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/libtool/

  Linux86 (0.14.3) :
  http://www.linuxfromscratch.org/download/linux86-0.14.3-lfs.tar.gz

  Lilo (21) : ftp://sunsite.unc.edu/pub/Linux/system/boot/lilo/

  Shadow Password Suite (19990827) :
  ftp://piast.t19.ds.pwr.wroc.pl/pub/linux/shadow/

  Man (1.5h1) : ftp://ftp.win.tue.nl/pub/linux-local/utils/man/

  Modutils (2.3.9) : ftp://ftp.ocs.com.au/pub/modutils/

  Termcap (1.3) : ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/termcap/

  Procinfo (17) : ftp://ftp.cistron.nl/pub/people/svm/

  Procps (2.0.6) : ftp://people.redhat.com/johnsonm/procps/

  Psmisc (19) : ftp://lrcftp.epfl.ch/pub/linux/local/psmisc/

  Start-stop-daemon (0.4.1) :
  http://www.linuxfromscratch.org/download/ssd-0.4.1-lfs.tar.gz

  Sysklogd (1.3.31) : ftp://sunsite.unc.edu/pub/Linux/system/daemons/

  Vim (5.6) : ftp://ftp.vim.org/pub/editors/vim/unix/

  3.2.    Ʈ

    Ʈ 9   忡 Ǹ ݵ ʿ
   ƴϴ. Ư Ű ġ    ؾ
  Ѵ.   LFS ý ¶ο  ȹ ٸ email ̳
  telnet, ftp, www  ƿƼ ġϱ ġ  ̴.

  Netkit-base (0.17) :
  ftp://ftp.uk.linux.org/pub/linux/Networking/netkit-devel/

  Net-tools (1.54) : http://www.tazenda.demon.co.uk/phil/net-tools/

  Procmail (3.14) : ftp://ftp.procmail.org/pub/procmail/

  Sendmail (8.9.3) : ftp://ftp.sendmail.org/pub/sendmail/

  Mailx (8.1.1) :
  http://www.linuxfromscratch.org/download/mailx-8.1.1-fixed.tar.gz

  Mutt (1.0i) : ftp://ftp.mutt.org/pub/mutt/

  Fetchmail (5.2.0) : http://www.tuxedo.org/~esr/fetchmail/

  Netkit-telnet (0.17) :
  ftp://ftp.uk.linux.org/pub/linux/Networking/netkit-devel/

  Proftpd (1.2.0pre9) : ftp://ftp.tos.net/pub/proftpd/

  Netkit-ftp (0.17) :
  ftp://ftp.uk.linux.org/pub/linux/Networking/netkit-devel/

  Apache (1.3.11) : http://www.apache.org/dist/

  Zlib Library (1.1.3) : http://www.cdrom.com/pub/infozip/zlib/

  Lynx (2.8.2) : http://www.slcc.edu/lynx/release/

  PPP (2.3.11) : ftp://cs.anu.edu.au/pub/software/ppp/

  Xfree86 (3.3.5) : ftp://ftp.xfree86.org/pub/XFree86/

  libPropList (0.9.1) : ftp://ftp.windowmaker.org/pub/libs/

  libXpm (4.7) : ftp://sunsite.unc.edu/pub/Linux/libs/X/

  libpng (1.0.3) : http://www.cdrom.com/pub/png/

  libtiff (3.4) : ftp://ftp.sgi.com/graphics/tiff/

  libjpeg (6b) : http://www.ijg.org/

  libungif (4.1.0) : ftp://prtr-13.ucsc.edu/pub/libungif/

  WindowMaker (0.61.1) : ftp://ftp.windowmaker.org/pub/release/

  4.   ý غ

  4.1.   س 

  츮 Debian ̳ SuSe, Slackware, Mandrake, RedHat  ̹
  ġǾ ִ   Ͽ LFS ý  ̴.
     Ʈ ϵ ʿġ ʴ. 츮  
  ý  ̴ (츮 Ϸ Ŀ, ؽƮ  
   ʿϱ ̴).

      ġ ʾҴٸ    
   . 켱   ġ  Ѵ.   ġϴ
   .  ֽ  ʿ䵵  ׷ٰ ʹ 
  ̾ ȵȴ. ϳ ̳ ̶  ̴.  
  ý glibc-2.0 ̳    ٸ   . libc5 
    ߱    ̻ ׷ ӽ  ʱ 
     ʴ´.

  4.2.   Ƽ 

    ý   츮 ִ  Ƽ
  ʿϴ.    500MB ̻ ũ⸦  Ƽ Ѵ.
  ΰ ɵ (email ̳ Ʈ, ͳ, X  ý )  
  ⺻ ý  250MB ε ϴ. ̹   Native
  Ƽ ִٸ  κ پѾ ȴ.

   ϵũ ( Ƽ ̸Ӹ  IDE ũ 
     /dev/hda ó)  ɼ Ͽ fdisk α׷ (Ȥ
   ȣϴ fdisk  α׷)  Ѵ.  Native
  Ƽ  Ƽ ̺   fdisk α׷ ´. Ƽ
  ̺ ŽŰ  ý  ϶ ޽ ޾Ҵٸ
  ϱ   ϱ ٶ.   Ƽ ̸ 
  ε Ѵ.  (  쿣) hda5    ִ.  
   Ƽ   LFS Ƽ ̶ ҷ ̴.

  4.3.   Ƽ  ext2  ý 

  ϴ Ƽ   Ƽ   ext2  ý
   Ѵ. ext2  ý   츮 mke2fs 
   ̴.  Ƽ  ɼ ְ ϸ  ý
  ȴ.   Ƽ hda5 mke2fs /dev/hda5  
  ϸ ȴ.

  4.4.   Ƽ Ʈϱ

  ext2  ý    ְ  ̴.  
  ý ϱ  (аų  ) 츮 ؾ   
  װ Ʈϴ ̴.    ý /mnt/hda5 Ʒ
  ƮѴٸ /mnt/hda5 丮   Ƽ   
   ϴ  ̴   մ.  丮 
  ϴ° ߿ġ ʴ (  Ʈ  /mnt
  丮   ִ). ׷   Ƽǰ  ̸
   丮  ̴.  쿡 LFS Ƽ hda5 Ҹ
     Ƽ /mnt/hda5 Ʈ Ͽ.
  o   ٸ /mnt 丮 .

  o  /mnt/xxx 丮 . xxx LFS Ƽ ̸ üȴ.

  o  mount /dev/xxx /mnt/xxx  Ͽ LFS Ƽ ƮѴ.
     xxx LFS Ƽ ̸ üȴ.

   丮(/mnt/xxx)   ô $LFS ̴.  
  𼱰 "cp inittab $LFS/etc"   ٸ δ "cp inittab
  /mnt/xxx/etc"  ľ ϸ xxx  Ƽ ̸ ٲ.

  4.5.  丮 

  http://www.pathname.com/fhs/  ã  ִ FHS ǥؿ  LFS
  Ƽ  丮 Ʈ . Ʒ ɵ ϸ ʿ
  丮  ̴.

  cd $LFS
  mkdir bin boot dev etc home lib mnt proc root sbin tmp usr var
  cd $LFS/usr
  mkdir bin include lib sbin share src
  ln -s share/man man
  ln -s share/doc doc
  ln -s . local
  ln -s ../etc etc
  ln -s ../var var
  cd $LFS/usr/share
  mkdir dict doc info locale man nls misc terminfo zoneinfo
  cd $LFS/usr/share/man
  mkdir man1 man2 man3 man4 man5 man6 man7 man8
  cd $LFS/var
  mkdir lock log run spool tmp

   丮 Ǿ 3忡 ٿε ޾Ҵ ҽ ϵ
  $LFS/usr/src ( 丮   Ѵ) Ʒ 
  丮 ؾ Ѵ.

  4.6.  /dev 丮 

  mknod  Ͽ $LFS/dev 丮 ȿ ־  ϵ
      ð  ɸ.   /dev
  丮 $LFS Ƽ ܼ ϴ  ߴ.  Ѱ
  ɺ ũ,  ϱ ϸ 丮 ϱ ؼ
    Ѵ:

  cp -av /dev $LFS
  chown root.root $LFS/dev/*

  5.  LFS ý  ϵ 

  5.1.  Sysvinit ġ

  Ϲ ȯ Ͽ Ŀ εǾ  ý  ҵ
  ʱȭ  ý  μ  init  Ҹ
  α׷ εѴ.  ٴ ƴ   κ 
  ýۿ ִ Ű Sysvinit̸ ̰ 츮 LFS ýۿ
  ġϷ α׷̴.

  o  Sysvinit  Ǭ.

  o  src 丮 ̵Ѵ.

  o  Makefile  Ѵ.

  o    all: Ģ    ROOT = $LFS  
     ÷Ѵ.

  o        /dev տ  $(ROOT)  δ.

    ٿ $(ROOT) κ ÷ Ŀ Ʒ   ̴:

     @if [! -p $(ROOT)/dev/initctl ]; then \
     echo "Creating $(ROOT)/dev/initctl"; \
     rm -f $(ROOT)/dev/initctl; \
     mknod -m 600 $(ROOT)/dev/initctl p; fi

  o   Ͽ Ű ġѴ:

  make -e LDFLAGS=-static; make install

  5.2.  Sysvinit 

  Sysvinit ϱ ؼ 츮    Ѵ. 
  ϵ $LFS/etc/inittab  :

  # Begin /etc/inittab

  id:2:initdefault:

  ca:12345:ctrlaltdel:/sbin/shutdown -t1 -a -r now

  1:2345:respawn:/sbin/sulogin

  # End /etc/inittab

  5.3.  passwd  group  

   inittab Ͽ  ó 츮 ý ϸ init 
  sulogin α׷ Ű sulogin п root н带
   ̴. ̴ 츮 LFS ý   passwd  
  ־ Ѵٴ  ǹѴ.

  o   ϵ $LFS/etc/passwd  Ѵ:
     root:s394ul1Bkvmq2:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash

  o   ϵ $LFS/etc/group  Ѵ: root::0:

   ڵ н ڿ lfs123 ̴.

   LFS ýۿ α׿   root н带 ´ٸ
  lfs123 Էϸ ȴ.

  5.4.  Bash  ġ

  sulogin  root н带   н带 Էߴٸ
   ۵Ǿ Ѵ.  bash  ۵ȴ. ׷  ġ
  ̺귯    츮 Sysvinit   bash 
   ũؾ Ѵ.

  o  Bash  Ǭ.

  o   Ͽ Bash ġѴ:

  ./configure --enable-static-link
  make; make -e prefix=$LFS/usr install
  mv $LFS/usr/bin/bash $LFS/bin
  cd $LFS/bin; ln -s bash sh

  5.5.  LILO Ʈ ߰

   Ƽκ  ϱ ؼ 츮 /etc/lilo.conf 
  ؾ Ѵ.  ٵ lilo.conf  ߰Ѵ:

  image=<currently used image>
     label=<label>
     root=$LFS
     read-only

  <currently used image>    ý ϱ 
  ϴ ̹ Ϸ ٲ۴. <label>  ϴ ̵ 
   ִ.  "lfs" Īߴ.  <label> ִ  
  ý   LILO Ʈ  Էϴ ̴.

  Ʈ δ ϱ  lilo α׷ Ѵ.

  5.6.  ý ˻

    ģ  츮 LFS   Ͽ ý ˻  
   ý α׷   ִ   ִ.   
  LFS ý ϱ ؼ lilo.conf Ͽ ߴ label 
  LILOƮ ԷѴ. ׸ root н带 Էϸ  bash
  Ʈ   ̴.  shutdown  α׷
  ý shutdown ų   ̴.  α׷ ֱ  ̸
  Ϸ ϸ     ̴: "You don't exist. Go
  away."   ǹ̴ ý password  ã  ٴ
  ̴.  shutdown α׷ ʿ ϴ ̺귯 
  ũǾ  GNU C ̺귯 Ϻ NSS (Name Server Switch)
  ̺귯  ϰ  ̴  忡 ġ ̴. 
  NSS ̺귯 ( 쿣) passwd  ã  ִ ҿ 
   Ѱش.

   ý ϱ  reboot -f    ִ.  
  shutdown α׷ ϴ   ϰ ٷ 
  Ѵ.  ý б  ƮǾ ֱ  
  ε    츮 ýۿ ظ ġ ʴ´ (ý
   Ʈ ,  ϰ 𸶿Ʈ  ʾ 
  ý  ϱ ؼ e2fsck ؾ Ѵٴ 
  Ե  ̴).

  6.  Ŀ ġ

  6.1.  ftp.kernel.org  ǻ

   2忡    Ŀ ftp://ftp.kernel.org/ 
  ٿ  ִٰ ߴ. ׷  Ʈ ſ պ 
  Ʈ ڵ  Ŀ п   ޱ⸦
  Ѵ.  ftp://ftp.<country code>.kernel.org/  ̷
  Ʈ   ִ (ftp.ca.kernel.org ó).

  6.2.  Ŀ 

  o   /usr/src/linux 丮 mv /usr/src/linux /usr/src/linux-
     old   Ͽ ٸ  ̸ ٲ۴.
     (/usr/src/linux  丮 ƴ ɺ ũ  ִ. 
      ̸ Ѵ).

  o  /usr/include/linux /usr/include/asm rm -r /usr/include/linux
     /usr/include/asm  Ͽ Ѵ.

  o  Ŀ  /usr/src/ 丮 ȿ Ǭ (  
     /usr/src/linux 丮 ).

  o  /usr/include/linux /usr/include/asm  Ͽ ɺ
     ũ :

  cd /usr/include
  ln -s ../src/linux/include/linux linux
  ln -s ../src/linux/include/asm-<cpu> asm

  /usr/src/linux/include 丮 ãƼ  asm-* 丮
  ϴ . ׸  ÷ ´  .  Intel
  ÷ Ѵٸ ln -s ../src/linux/include/asm-i386 asm 
  Ѵ.

  o  Ŀ   ϰ (    ڼ 
     README  Ѵ)   Ϳ   ʵ
     Ѵ. ̴ 츮 а Ŀ  εϱ  ʿ
     Ʈ   ʱ ̴.

  o  Ŀ    make dep  Ѵ.

  o  make bzImage  Ͽ Ŀ Ѵ.

  o  arch/<cpu>/boot/bzImage  /boot 丮 (Ȥ  
     ý Ŀ ̹   ϴ   ٸ
     ) Ѵ.

  o  û /boot/bzImage  /boot/lfskernel  ٸ
      ̸ ٲ  ִ.

  o  cp -av /usr/src/linux $LFS/usr/src  Ͽ ü Ŀ ҽ
     Ʈ LFS Ƽ Ѵ.

  o   Ͽ $LFS/usr/include/linux  $LFS/usr/include/asm
     ɺ ũ Ѵ.

  cd $LFS/usr/include
  ln -s ../src/linux/include/linux linux
  ln -s ../src/linux/include/asm asm

  6.3.  LILO 

  o  /etc/lilo.conf   LFS κ .

  o  ̹ ̸ lfskernel (Ȥ  ٲ bzImage   ̸)
      Ѵ.

  o  Ʈ δ ϱ  lilo Ѵ.

  6.4.  ý ˻

  ý Ͽ LFS ý Ѵ.  ġ Ŀ
    (ũ )  ϴ ˻Ѵ.

  7.  ⺻ ý Ʈ ġ

   忡 츮 ⺻  ýۿ ʿ  Ʈ
  ġ ̴.     ϰ ϴ 
  ý  ȴ.   Ʈŷ ̳ ͳ  +
  Ŭ̾Ʈ (telnet, ftp, http, email), ͳ , X  ý
    鿡  ٷ ̴.  緮  
  پѾ ȴ.   LFS ý Ʈ  ȹ ٸ
  ͳ ϴ   ʿġ  ̴.

   ⺻ ý Ʈ ġϱ  ̸ ġǾ ־
    Ű ִ.   ũƮ rm ̳ grep, sed,
  mv, cat, cp, diff  α׷ ʿ Ѵ.   
  tar  gzip    Ǯ ϸ Ʈ Ϸ  
  α׷ ũø Ѵ.   (  ؼ) ŵ
  ٸ   ġ  ֱ    ־ Ѵ. 
  α׷  ũ ̴.     
  ý LFS ýۿ ġϷ Ͱ ٸ  C ̺귯
     ֱ ̴.  忡 ġϴ α׷ 
   ý C ̺귯 ũ ̴.  ̰  α׷
  LFS ýۿ ϴ  ̺귯 浹 ų  ִ. 
  츮  α׷  ũؾ Ѵ.  ⺻ ý
  Ʈ ġϴ  츮  ũ Ʈ
  ٽ ġϿ LFS ý C ̺귯  ũǵ 
  ̴.

  7.1.   ɺ Ͽ

   α׷̳ ̳ʸ ⺻  ɺ Ͽ
  ϵȴ.  ̴  α׷̳ ̺귯 Ÿ 
      ¹   ڿ ϰ ȴٴ 
  Ѵ.   ɺ  α׷̳ ̺귯 ũ⸦ ſ
  ũ Ѵ.    ɺ  Ʈ ġ ʴ´
  ( ڵ  Ʈ ϴ ϴ  
  ϱ ). ſ  Ұ strip α׷ 
  ɺ    ִ.

  ̳ʸ (a.out ̳ ELF ̳ʸ Ѵ) κ  ɺ
  ϱ ؼ strip --strip-debug filename  Ѵ. 
  ϵ鿡  ɺ ϰ ʹٸ ϵ ī ڸ  ȴ
  (strip --strip-debug $LFS/usr/bin/*  ).

    ɺ ū ̸  ˰ ʹٸ Ʒ 谡
  ִ:
  o   ɺ Ͽ  ũ Bash ̳ʸ: 2.3MB

  o   ɺ   ũ Bash ̳ʸ: 645KB

  o   ɺ Ͽ  ũ Bash ̳ʸ: 1.2MB

  o   ɺ   ũ Bash ̳ʸ: 478KB

  o   ɺ  $LFS/usr/lib (glibc  gcc ϵ): 87MB

  o   ɺ  $LFS/usr/lib (glibc  gcc ϵ): 16MB

  ϴ Ϸ  α׷ ũŰ  ̴ C
  ̺귯   ũⰡ ٸ    ɺ 
  Ͱ ׷   Ѵٸ    ̴. 
     LFS ̳ʸ ̺귯鿡  ɺ
     102MB  ణ  ũ  ٽ . ſ
  ̰ ũ.  ̴   ġϰ Ǵ    
      Ŀ ̴.

  7.2.  ⺻ ý Ʈ ġ  LFS ý غ

  7.2.1.  Binutils ġ

  o  binutils  Ǭ.

  o  Ʒ Ͽ Ű ġѴ:

  ./configure
  make -e LDFLAGS=-all-static
  make -e prefix=$LFS/usr install

  7.2.2.  Bzip2 ġ

  o  Bzip2  Ǭ.

  o  ؽƮ Ϳ Makefile  Ѵ.

  o  $(CC) $(CFLAGS) -o  ϴ  ã´.

  o   κ $(CC) $(CFLAGS) $(LDFLAGS) -o  Ѵ.

  o  Ʒ Ͽ Ű ġѴ:

  make -e LDFLAGS=-static
  make -e PREFIX=$LFS/usr install
  cd $LFS/usr/bin
  mv bunzip2 bzip2 $LFS/bin

  7.2.3.  Diffutils ġ

  o  diffutils  Ǭ.

  o  Ʒ Ͽ Ű ġѴ:

  ./configure
  make -e LDFLAGS=-static
  make -e prefix=$LFS/usr install

   Ű Ư ÷  ũ  Ųٰ ˷ ִ.
    Ű ϴµ  ޴´ٸ  Ű
  http://www.linuxfromscratch.org/download/diffutils-2.7-fixed.tar.gz
     ִ.

  7.2.4.  Fileutils ġ

  o  fileutils  Ǭ.

  o  Ʒ Ͽ Ű ġѴ:

  ./configure --disable-nls
  make -e LDFLAGS=-static
  make -e prefix=$LFS/usr install
  cd $LFS/usr/bin
  mv chgrp chmod chown cp dd df ln ls mkdir mknod mv rm rmdir sync $LFS/bin

  7.2.5.  ʿ   ýۿ GCC ġϱ

  Glibc-2.1.3 ϱ ؼ gcc-2.95.2 ġǾ ־ Ѵ.
  2.8   ̶  2.95.2 õѴ. 
  glibc-2.1  ý gcc-2.7.2.3 ġǾ  
  Ϸδ glibc-2.1   .  츮 
  ýۿ gcc-2.95.2 ġ ̴. ׷  Ϸ
    ̴. gcc  ýۿ ġϱ  ̰
  ʿ Ȯ ؾ Ѵ.    ȣ 2.8 ̻
   ؼ gcc --version  Ѵ.  ׷ ʴٸ 
  gcc-2.95.2 ġؾ Ѵ. Ŀ glibc ϴµ 
  ޴´ٸ ¶ gcc-2.95.2 ġϱ ϰ  ̴.

  o  GCC  Ǭ.

  o  Ʒ Ͽ Ű ġѴ:

  mkdir $LFS/usr/src/gcc-build; cd $LFS/usr/src/gcc-build
  ../gcc-2.95.2/configure --prefix=/usr/gcc2952 \
  --with-local-prefix=/usr/gcc2952 --with-gxx-include-dir=/usr/gcc2952/include/g++ \
  --enable-shared --enable-languages=c,c++
  make bootstrap; make install

  7.2.6.  LFS ýۿ GCC ġϱ

  o  GCC  Ǭ.

  o  Ʒ Ͽ Ű ġѴ:

  mkdir $LFS/usr/src/gcc-build;cd $LFS/usr/src/gcc-build
  ../gcc-2.95.2/configure --enable-languages=c --disable-nls
  make -e LDFLAGS=-static bootstrap
  make -e prefix=$LFS/usr local_prefix=$LFS/usr install

  7.2.6.1.  ʿ ɺ ũ 

   α׷ Ϸ -μ ã  ֵ ϱ
  ؼ  ɺ ũ ʿϴ.  α׷ cc α׷
  ϰ ٸ ͵ gcc α׷ ϸ,  α׷ /lib
  (LFS ýۿ /usr/lib)  cpp α׷ ֱ  ٸ
  ͵ /usr/bin Ʒ ֱ Ѵ.

  o  Ʒ Ͽ ɺ ũ :

  cd $LFS/lib; ln -s ../usr/lib/gcc-lib/<host>/2.95.2/cpp cpp
  cd $LFS/usr/lib; ln -s gcc-lib/<host>/2.95.2/cpp cpp
  cd $LFS/usr/bin; ln -s gcc cc

  <host> gcc-2.95.2 ϵ ġ 丮 ( 쿣 i686-unknown-
  linux) üѴ.  Ƹ    ٸ 丮 ߰
  ̴.

  7.2.7.  Glibc ġ

  glibc-crypt Ű  ǻ:

  -*-*-*-*-*-
  , þ ̱  Ϻ  ȣȭ Ʈ  
  ſ  ϰ ֱ   add-on GNU C ̺귯  
  ȿ Ե ʴ´.  ڼ  ޴ "Legal Problems" κ
  б ٶ.

  Ư, ̱  Ʈ ̼  ̱  ϴ  -
  ͳ ϴ  Ͽ - 㰡 ʴ´.   ̱ ۿ
  ִٸ  add-on FSF  FTP Ʈ ftp.gnu.orgκ  
  ٶ.  Ʈ  ̱ ۿ ߵǾ.
  -*-*-*-*-*-

  " Ʈ" ftp://ftp.gwdg.de/pub/linux/glibc/ ִ glibc-
  crypt Ű Ų.  Դ  ̱  ʴ 鿡Ը
  ȴ.  DES Ʈ     Ƿ
   ̱   ִٸ   Ʈκ  Ʈ
    ִ.

  o  Glibc  Ǭ.

  o  glibc-crypt glibc-linuxthreads   Ǯ glibc
     丮 Ѵ.

  o  װ glibc-crypt glibc-linuxthreads  Ǭ. ׷ 
     丮δ ̵ ʴ´. ܽ tar gzip ุ Ǭ.

  o  Ʒ ϴ configparms   :

  # Begin configparms
  slibdir=/lib
  sysconfdir=/etc
  # End configparms

  o    ý ̹ glibc ϱ⿡  
     gcc  ִٸ Ʒ Ͽ Ű ġѴ:

  mkdir $LFS/usr/src/glibc-build;cd $LFS/usr/src/glibc-build
  ../glibc-2.1.3/configure --enable-add-ons
  make; make install_root=$LFS install

  o    gcc  gcc-2.95.2  ýۿ ġߴٸ
     Ʒ Ͽ Ű ġѴ:

  mkdir $LFS/usr/src/glibc-build; cd $LFS/usr/src/glibc-build
  CC=/usr/gcc2952/bin/gcc ../glibc-2.1.3/configure --enable-add-ons
  make; make install_root=$LFS install

  7.2.7.1.   NSS ̺귯 ϵ 

     ý libc-2.0.x Ѵٸ NSS ̺귯
  ϵ LFS Ƽ ؾ Ѵ.  ũ α׷ 
  Ϻδ  NSS ̺귯 ϸ username, userid ׸
  groupid ã α׷ Ư ׷. ls -l libc.so.* Ͽ
    ý   C ̺귯 ϴ  
  ִ.

   /lib/libc.so.6 -> libc-2.0.7.so  ̶ ý
  glibc-2.0 ϴ ̴.

   /lib/libc.so.6 -> libc-2.1.2.so  ̶ ý
  glibc-2.1 ϴ ̴.

   ý libc-2.0.x.so  (x 7  ũ  ȣ)
    ִٸ cp -av /lib/*nss* $LFS/lib  Ͽ NSS ̺귯
  ϵ Ѵ.

  7.2.8.  grep ġ

  o  grep  Ǭ.

  o  Ʒ Ͽ Ű ġѴ:

  ./configure --disable-nls
  make -e LDFLAGS=-static
  make -e prefix=$LFS/usr install

   Ű Ư ÷  ũ  ٰ ˷ ִ.
    Ű    ޴´ٸ  Ű
  http://www.linuxfromscratch.org/download/grep-2.4-fixed.tar.gz
    ִ.

  7.2.9.  gzip ġ

  o  gzip  Ǭ.

  o  Ʒ Ͽ Ű ġѴ:

  ./configure
  make -e LDFLAGS=-static
  make -e prefix=$LFS/usr install
  cd $LFS/usr/bin
  mv gunzip gzip $LFS/bin

   Ű Ư ÷   Ųٰ ˷ ִ.
    Ű    ޴´ٸ  Ű
  http://www.linuxfromscratch.org/download/gzip-1.2.4-fixed.tar.gz
    ִ.

  7.2.10.  Make ġ

  o  Make  Ǭ.

  o  Ʒ Ͽ Ű ġѴ:

  ./configure
  make -e LDFLAGS=-static
  make -e prefix=$LFS/usr install

  7.2.11.  Sed ġ

  o  sed  Ǭ.

  o  Ʒ Ͽ Ű ġѴ:

  ./configure
  make -e LDFLAGS=-static
  make -e prefix=$LFS/usr install
  mv $LFS/usr/bin/sed $LFS/bin

   Ű Ư ÷  ũ  Ųٰ ˷ ִ.
    Ű    ޴´ٸ  Ű
  http://www.linuxfromscratch.org/download/sed-3.02-fixed.tar.gz
    ִ.

  7.2.12.  Sh-utils ġ

  o  sh-utils  Ǭ.

  o  Ʒ Ͽ Ű ġѴ:

  ./configure --disable-nls
  make -e LDFLAGS=-static
  make -e prefix=$LFS/usr install
  cd $LFS/usr/bin
  mv date echo false pwd stty su true uname hostname $LFS/bin

  7.2.13.  Tar ġ

  o  tar  Ǭ.

  o  Ʒ Ͽ Ű ġѴ:

  ./configure --disable-nls
  make -e LDFLAGS=-static
  make -e prefix=$LFS/usr install
  mv $LFS/usr/bin/tar $LFS/bin

  7.2.14.  Textutils ġ

  o  textutils  Ǭ.

  o  Ʒ Ͽ Ű ġѴ:

  ./configure --disable-nls
  make -e LDFLAGS=-static
  make -e prefix=$LFS/usr install
  mv $LFS/usr/bin/cat $LFS/bin

  7.2.15.  Util-linux ġ

  o  util-linux  Ǭ.

  o  Ʒ Ͽ Ű ġѴ:

  ./configure
  cd lib;make
  cd ../mount;make -e LDFLAGS=-static
  cp mount umount $LFS/bin
  cp swapon $LFS/sbin

  7.3.  ⺻ ý Ʈ ġ

   Ʈ ġ ű ̸   Ű 
  Ϲ ġ  ϰ Ư Ű ٸ ġ  ٸ 
   ϴ  ξ  ªٰ  ̴.   
    ǰ߿    Ű Ϻ 
  ϴ  ߴ. ̰ ܼ     ȥ
   ̴.        ý
  Ͽ LFS ý ؾ Ѵ. ׷ ׷  
  Ƽ  Ƽ Ǵ ˾ƾ Ѵ.   Ϲ
  /etc/fstab Ͽ ã  ִ.  /dev/hda6 none swap sw 0 0  
     Ͽ ִ ãƺ.

    4° ʵ  'sw' Ѵ.    Ƽ
  Ÿ.   ؾ   ġ̴ ( 쿣
  /dev/hda6  ýۿ ٸ  ִ).  Ƽ 
  Ƽ ˾ ǻ͸ Ͽ    ȴ.

  7.3.1.  Ƽ 縶Ʈϰ  Ȱȭϱ

  Ʈ ġϱ  츮 Ƽ а  ٽ
  Ʈؾ Ѵ.  Ը ū   (gcc  ó) 
  ޸   ߻ ʵ  Ƽ Ȱȭؾ Ѵ.

  mount -o remount,rw / /
  /sbin/swapon <swap device>

  7.3.2.  GCC ġ

  o  GCC   Ǯ Ʒ Ͽ ġѴ:

  mkdir $LFS/usr/src/gcc-build;cd $LFS/usr/src/gcc-build
  ../gcc-2.95.2/configure --with-gxx-include-dir=/usr/include/g++ \
  --enable-shared --enable-languages=c,c++
  make bootstrap; make install

  7.3.3.  Bison ġ

  o  bison   Ʒ Ͽ ġѴ:

  ./configure --datadir=/usr/share/bison
  make; make install

  7.3.4.  Mawk ġ

  o  mawk  Ǯ Ʒ Ͽ ġѴ:

  ./configure
  make; make install
  cd /usr/bin; ln -s mawk awk

  7.3.5.  Findutils ġ

  o  findutils  Ǯ Ʒ Ͽ ġѴ:

  ./configure
  make; make install

   Ű   Ųٰ ˷ ִ.   Ű
     ޴´ٸ  Ű
  http://www.linuxfromscratch.org/download/findutils-4.1-fixed.tar.gz
    ִ.

  7.3.6.  Termcap ġ

  o  Termcap  Ǯ Ʒ Ͽ ġѴ:

  ./configure
  make; make install

  7.3.7.  Ncurses ġ

  o  ncurses  Ǯ Ʒ Ͽ ġѴ:

  ./configure --with-shared
  make; make install

  7.3.8.  Less ġ

  o  Less  Ǯ Ʒ Ͽ ġѴ:

  ./configure
  make; make install
  mv /usr/bin/less /bin

  7.3.9.  Perl ġ

  o  Perl  Ǯ Ʒ Ͽ ġѴ:

  ./Configure
  make; make install

  츮 'make test'  Ѵٴ  Ѵ. ̴  
   ý perl ׽Ʈ  غ  ʾұ ̴. 
  츮 perl   Ǿٰ  ̴.

  7.3.10.  M4 ġ

  o  M4  Ǯ Ʒ Ͽ ġѴ:

  ./configure
  make; make install

  7.3.11.  Texinfo ġ

  o  Texinfo  Ǯ Ʒ Ͽ ġѴ:

  ./configure
  make; make install

  7.3.12.  Autoconf ġ

  o  Autoconf  Ǯ Ʒ Ͽ ġѴ:

  ./configure
  make; make install

  7.3.13.  Automake ġ

  o  Automake  Ǯ Ʒ Ͽ ġѴ:

  ./configure
  make install

  7.3.14.  Installing Bash Bash ġ

  o  Bash  Ǯ Ʒ Ͽ ġѴ:

  ./configure
  make; make install
  mv /usr/bin/bash /bin

  7.3.15.  Installing Flex Flex ġ

  o  Flex  Ǯ Ʒ Ͽ ġѴ:

  ./configure
  make; make install

  7.3.16.  Binutils ġ

  o  Binutils  Ǯ Ʒ Ͽ ġѴ:

  ./configure
  make; make install

  7.3.17.  Bzip2 ġ

  o  Bzip2  Ǯ Ʒ Ͽ ġѴ:

  make; make install
  cd /usr/bin; mv bunzip2 bzip2 /bin

  7.3.18.  Diffutils ġ

  o  Diffutils  Ǯ Ʒ Ͽ ġѴ:

  ./configure
  make; make install

  7.3.19.  E2fsprogs ġ

  o  E2fsprogs  Ǯ Ʒ Ͽ ġѴ:

  ./configure
  make; make install
  mv /usr/sbin/mklost+found /sbin

  7.3.20.  File ġ

  o  File  Ǯ Ʒ Ͽ ġѴ:

  ./configure
  make; make install

  7.3.21.  Fileutils ġ

  o  Fileutils  Ǯ Ʒ Ͽ ġѴ:

  ./configure
  make; make install
  cd /usr/bin
  mv chgrp chmod chown cp dd df ln ls mkdir mknod mv rm rmdir sync /bin

  7.3.22.  Grep ġ

  o  Grep  Ǯ Ʒ Ͽ ġѴ:

  ./configure
  make; make install

  7.3.23.  Groff ġ

  o  Groff  Ǯ Ʒ Ͽ ġѴ:

  ./configure
  make; make install

  7.3.24.  Gzip ġ

  o  Gzip  Ǯ Ʒ Ͽ ġѴ:

  ./configure
  make; make install
  cd /usr/bin; mv z* gunzip gzip /bin

  7.3.25.  Ld.so ġ

  o  Ld.so  Ǯ Ʒ Ͽ ġѴ:

  cd util; make ldd ldconfig
  cp ldd /bin; cp ldconfig /sbin
  rm /usr/bin/ldd

  7.3.26.  Libtool ġ

  o  Libtool  Ǯ Ʒ Ͽ ġѴ:

  ./configure
  make; make install

  7.3.27.  Linux86 ġ

  o  Linux86  Ǯ Ʒ Ͽ ġѴ:

  cd as
  make; make install
  cd ../ld
  make ld86; make install

  7.3.28.  Lilo ġ

  o  Lilo  Ǯ Ʒ Ͽ ġѴ:

  make; make install

  7.3.29.  Make ġ

  o  Make  Ǯ Ʒ Ͽ ġѴ:

  ./configure
  make; make install

  7.3.30.  Sh-Utils ġ

  o  Sh-utils  Ǯ Ʒ Ͽ ġѴ:

  ./configure
  make; make install
  cd /usr/bin
  mv date echo false pwd stty su true uname hostname /bin

  7.3.31.  Shadow Password Suite ġ

  o  Shadow  Ǯ Ʒ Ͽ ġѴ:

  ./configure
  make; make install
  cd etc
  cp limits login.access login.defs.linux shells suauth /etc
  mv /etc/login.defs.linux /etc/login.defs
  cd /usr/sbin
  mv chpasswd dpasswd groupadd groupdel groupmod logoutd mkpasswd \
  newusers useradd userdel usermod grpck pwck vipw grpconv grpunconv \
  pwconv pwunconv /sbin

  7.3.32.  Man ġ

  o  Man  Ǯ Ʒ Ͽ ġѴ:

  ./configure -default
  make all; make install

  7.3.33.  Modutils ġ

  o  Modutils  Ǯ Ʒ Ͽ ġѴ:

  ./configure
  make; make install

  7.3.34.  Procinfo ġ

  o  Procinfo  Ǯ Ʒ Ͽ ġѴ:

  make; make install

  7.3.35.  Procps ġ

  o  Procps  Ǯ Ʒ Ͽ ġѴ:

  gcc -O3 -Wall -Wno-unused -c watch.c
  make; make -e XSCPT="" install
  mv /usr/bin/kill /bin

  7.3.36.  Psmisc ġ

  o  Psmisc  Ǯ Ʒ Ͽ ġѴ:

  make; make install

  7.3.37.  Sed ġ

  o  Sed  Ǯ Ʒ Ͽ ġѴ:

  ./configure
  make; make install
  mv /usr/bin/sed /bin

  7.3.38.  start-stop-daemon ġ

  o  start-stop-daemon  Ǯ Ʒ Ͽ ġѴ:

  make start-stop-daemon
  cp start-stop-daemon /sbin
  cp start-stop-daemon.8 /usr/share/man/man8

  7.3.39.  Sysklogd ġ

  o  Sysklogd  Ǯ Ʒ Ͽ ġѴ:

  make; make install

  7.3.40.  Sysvinit ġ

  o  Sysvinit  Ǯ Ʒ Ͽ ġѴ:

  cd src
  make; make install

  7.3.41.  Tar ġ

  o  Tar  Ǯ Ʒ Ͽ ġѴ:

  ./configure
  make; make install
  mv /usr/bin/tar /bin

  7.3.42.  Textutils ġ

  o  Textutils  Ǯ Ʒ Ͽ ġѴ:

  ./configure
  make; make install
  mv /usr/bin/cat /bin

  7.3.43.  Vim ġ

  o  Vim-rt Vim-src  Ǯ Ʒ Ͽ ġѴ:

  ./configure
  make; make install

  7.3.44.  Util-linux ġ

  o  Util-linux Ű Ǭ.

  o  MCONFIG   Ʒ  ã ó ģ:

  HAVE_PASSWD=yes
  HAVE_SLN=yes
  HAVE_TSORT=yes

  o  Ʒ Ͽ Ű ġѴ:

  groupadd -g 5 tty
  ./configure
  make; make install

  7.4.   NSS ̺귯 ϵ 

     ýۿ LFS ý NSS ̺귯
  ϵ ߾ٸ ( ý glibc-2.0  ) 
  Ʒ Ͽ  ϵ Ѵ:

  rm /lib/libnss*.so.1 /lib/libnss*2.0*

  7.5.  Ʈ 

    Ʈ ġǾ  α׷  
  ϱ  츮 ؾ   ϵ   ̴.

  7.5.1.  Glib 

  /etc/nsswitch.conf   Ѵ.   ų ߸ 
  glibc ⺻  ϱ   ⺻  忡 ٷ
  Ʈŷ   ʴ´.  츮 Ÿ Ǿ Ѵ.

  o  Ʒ ϵ  /etc/nsswitch.conf  :

  # Begin /etc/nsswitch.conf
  passwd: files
  group: files
  shadow: files

  hosts: files dns
  networks: files

  protocols: db files
  services: db files
  ethers: db files
  rpc: db files

  netgroup: db files
  # End /etc/nsswitch.conf

  o  tzselect ũƮ Ͽ  Ÿ µ 
     Ѵ.

  o   ۾  α׷ п ʿ  ġ ˷
     ̴.

  o  ln -s /usr/share/zoneinfo/<tzselect's output> /etc/localtime 
     Ͽ localtime ɺ ũ Ѵ.

  /etc/localtime or ln -s /usr/share/zoneinfo/Canada/Eastern
  /etc/localtime tzselect  "EST5EDT" "Canada/Eastern" 
  ̴. ׷    ɺ ũ ln -s
  /usr/share/zoneinfo/EST5EDT ̰ų ln -s
  /usr/share/zoneinfo/Canada/Eastern /etc/localtime ̴.

  7.5.2.  LILO 

  lilo   ó  ʰ   ý
    ̴.   ӽſ  Ʋ  
  ⼭   .    ýۿ  Ͱ
  Ȱ lilo ɼǵ   ̹Ƿ  ý Ͱ Ȱ
   .

  o  /mnt/original 丮 

  o  mount /dev/xxx /mnt/original  Ͽ   ý 
      ƮѴ (/dev/xxx  Ƽ ġ Ѵ).

  o  Ʒ Ͽ lilo  ϰ lilo ϴ Ŀ ̹
     Ѵ:

  cp /mnt/original/etc/lilo.conf /etc
  cp /mnt/original/boot/* /boot

    ý Ŀ ̹ ( ͵) /mnt/original/boot
  ȿ   ʴٸ  ϵ ġ /etc/lilo.conf Ͽ
  Ȯ   ϵ /etc/lilo.conf ã  ִ  Ѵ.
  Ȥ   ϵ /boot   /etc/lilo.conf 
  Ͽ LFS ýۿ Ŀ ̹ ִ  θ ã  
  ִ.  ͵  ϸ   ΰ п ޷ȴ.

  7.5.3.  Sysklogd 

  o  mkdir /var/log  Ͽ /var/log 丮 .

  o  Ʒ ϵ /etc/syslog.conf  .

  # Begin /etc/syslog.conf

  auth,authpriv.* -/var/log/auth.log
  *.*;auth,authpriv.none -/var/log/sys.log
  daemon.* -/var/log/daemon.log
  kern.* -/var/log/kern.log
  mail.* -/var/log/mail.log
  user.* -/var/log/user.log
  *.emerg *

  # End /etc/syslog.conf

  7.5.4.  Shadow Password Suite 

   Ű  ȣ ٲٰ ο /׷ ߰ϰ
  /׷ ϴ   ϱ  ƿƼ ϰ ִ.
  ȿ ̿    о  ִ.    ϳ
  ִµ, shadow   ϱ ߴٸ ȣ Ȯ ʿ䰡 ִ
  α׷ (  xdm̳ ftp , pop3d )  α׷
   н  ۵  ־ Ѵ.

   н带  ʱ ߴ (doc/HOWTO  
  Ŀ)   Ű ϴµ װ  Ű 
  ƿƼ  н带  ʴ ýۿ Ǳ
  ̴. ̿    HOWTO   ִ.  
  ϴ   н  θ   ִٴ 
  Ѵ.

   doc/HOWTO  #5 κ  ſ  ñ̴. 
    ۵ϴ θ ˻ϴ   Ű
     ִ.  ۵ ʰ  ˻縦  ʾҾٸ
    ֿܼ α׾ƿ   ̻ ý   
   ̴. ̴ ̻ α    ̴.   
  ذϴ  Ŀο init=/sbin/sulogin ̶ ڸ Ѱ 
  util-linux  Ǯ login-utils 丮 ̵Ͽ login
  α׷   /bin/login װ ٲ  ̴. 
   ߸ ʰ ( Linux 󿡼) ˸° ׽Ʈ
  ϰ Ŵ ν    ִ ;)

  7.5.5.  Sysvinit 

  /etc/inittab  Ʒó    ó α 
  ִ (agetty login α׷ Ͽ). Sulogin Ϲ α信
  ̻   ̴.

  o  /etc/inittab  Ͽ Ʒ ϵ Ѵ.

  # Begin /etc/inittab

  id:2:initdefault:

  si::sysinit:/etc/init.d/rcS

  su:S:wait:/sbin/sulogin

  l0:0:wait:/etc/init.d/rc 0
  l1:1:wait:/etc/init.d/rc 1
  l2:2:wait:/etc/init.d/rc 2
  l3:3:wait:/etc/init.d/rc 3
  l4:4:wait:/etc/init.d/rc 4
  l5:5:wait:/etc/init.d/rc 5
  l6:6:wait:/etc/init.d/rc 6

  ft:6:respawn:/sbin/sulogin

  ca:12345:ctrlaltdel:/sbin/shutdown -t1 -a -r now

  1:2345:respawn:/sbin/agetty /dev/tty1 9600
  2:2345:respawn:/sbin/agetty /dev/tty2 9600
  3:2345:respawn:/sbin/agetty /dev/tty3 9600
  4:2345:respawn:/sbin/agetty /dev/tty4 9600
  5:2345:respawn:/sbin/agetty /dev/tty5 9600
  6:2345:respawn:/sbin/agetty /dev/tty6 9600

  # End /etc/inittab

  7.5.6.  /var/run/utmp  

  login̳ shutdown  α׷ /var/run/utmp Ͽ 
  ⸦ Ѵ.    α ִ 鿡   
  ִ.  ǻͰ  ˴ٿ      ִ.

  o  touch /var/run/utmp  Ͽ /var/run/utmp  .

  o  chmod 644 /var/run/utmp  Ͽ ˸°  ۹̼ Ѵ.

  8.  ý Ʈ ũƮ 

   Ʈ ũƮ ý õ  ۵ȴ.  ũƮ Ʈ
   ý а   Ʈϰ,  Ȱȭϸ 
  ý  ϰ 츮 ý ʿ پ  ϴ
   Ѵ.

  8.1.  丮   غ

   忡  ٽ Sysvinit Ű ʿϴ.

  o  Ʒ Ͽ ʿ 丮 Ѵ:

     cd /etc
     mkdir rc0.d rc1.d rc2.d rc3.d rc4.d rc5.d rc6.d init.d rcS.d

  o  Ǯ Sysvinit ҽ 丮 ̵Ѵ.

  o  Debian/etc/init.d/rc  /etc/init.d Ѵ.

  o  /etc/init.d 丮 ̵Ѵ.

  o  Ʒ ϵ rcS   :

     #!/bin/sh
     # Begin /etc/init.d/rcS

     runlevel=S
     prevlevel=N
     umask 022
     export runlevel prevlevel

     trap ":" INT QUIT TSTP

     for i in /etc/rcS.d/S??*
     do
        [ ! -f  "$i" ] && continue;
        $i start
     done

     # End /etc/init.d/rcS

  8.2.  reboot ũƮ 

  o  Ʒ ϵ reboot   :

     #!/bin/sh
     # Begin /etc/init.d/reboot

     echo -n "System reboot in progress..."

     /sbin/reboot -d -f -i

     # End /etc/init.d/reboot

  8.3.  halt ũƮ 

  o  Ʒ ϵ halt   :

     #!/bin/sh
     # Begin /etc/init.d/halt

     /sbin/halt -d -f -i -p

     # End /etc/init.d/halt

  8.4.  mountfs ũƮ 

  o  Ʒ ϵ mountfs   :

  #!/bin/sh
  # Begin /etc/init.d/mountfs

  check_status()
  {
    if [ $? = 0 ]
    then
      echo "OK"
    else
      echo "FAILED"
    fi
  }

  echo -n "Remounting root file system in read-write mode..."
  /bin/mount -n -o remount,rw /
  check_status

  > /etc/mtab
  /bin/mount -f -o remount,rw /

  echo -n "Mounting proc file system..."
  /bin/mount proc
  check_status

  # End /etc/init.d/mountfs

  8.5.  umountfs ũƮ 

  o  Ʒ ϵ umountfs   :

  #!/bin/sh
  # Begin /etc/init.d/umountfs

  check_status()
  {
    if [ $? = 0 ]
    then
      echo "OK"
    else
      echo "FAILED"
    fi
  }

  echo "Deactivating swap..."
  /bin/swapoff -av
  check_status

  echo -n "Unmounting file systems..."
  /bin/umount -a -r
  check_status

  # End /etc/init.d/umountfs

  8.6.  sendsignals ũƮ 

  o  Ʒ ϵ sendsignals   :

  #!/bin/sh
  # Begin /etc/init.d/sendsignals

  check_status()
  {
    if [ $? = 0 ]
    then
      echo "OK"
    else
      echo "FAILED"
    fi
  }
  echo -n "Sending all processes the TERM signal..."
  /sbin/killall5 -15
  check_status

  echo -n "Sending all processes the KILL signal..."
  /sbin/killall5 -9
  check_status

  8.7.  checkroot Ʈ ũƮ 

  o  Ʒ ϵ /etc/init.d/checkroot  :

  #!/bin/sh
  # Begin /etc/init.d/checkroot

  echo "Activating swap..."
  /sbin/swapon -av

  if [ -f /fastboot ]
  then
    echo "Fast boot, no file system check"
  else
    /bin/mount -n -o remount,ro /
    if [ $? = 0 ]
    then
      if [ -f /forcecheck ]
      then
        force="-f"
      else
        force=""
      fi

      echo "Checking root file system..."
      /sbin/fsck $force -a /

      if [ $? -gt 1 ]
      then
        echo
        echo "fsck failed. Please repair your file system manually by"
        echo "running fsck without the -a option"

        echo "Please note that the file system is currently mounted in"
        echo "read-only mode."
        echo
        echo "I will start sulogin now. CTRL+D will reboot your system."
        /sbin/sulogin
        /reboot -f
      fi
    else
      echo "Cannot check root file system because it is not mounted in"
      echo "read-only mode."
    fi
  fi

  # End /etc/init.d/checkroot

  8.8.  Sysklogd Ʈ ũƮ 

  o  Ʒ ϵ /etc/init.d/sysklogd   :

  #!/bin/sh
  # Begin /etc/init.d/sysklogd

  check_status()
  {
    if [ $? = 0 ]
    then
      echo "OK"
    else
      echo "FAILED"
    fi
  }

  case "$1" in
    start)
      echo -n "Starting system log daemon..."
      start-stop-daemon -S -q -o -x /usr/sbin/syslogd -- -m 0
      check_status

      echo -n "Starting kernel log daemon..."
      start-stop-daemon -S -q -o -x /usr/sbin/klogd
      check_status
      ;;

    stop)
      echo -n "Stopping kernel log daemon..."
      start-stop-daemon -K -q -o -p  /var/run/klogd.pid
      check_status

      echo -n "Stopping system log daemon..."
      start-stop-daemon -K -q -o -p /var/run/syslogd.pid
      check_status
      ;;

    reload)
      echo -n "Reloading system load daemon configuration file..."
      start-stop-daemon -K -q -o -s 1 -p /var/run/syslogd.pid
      check_status
      ;;

    restart)
      echo -n "Stopping kernel log daemon..."
      start-stop-daemon -K -q -o -p /var/run/klogd.pid
      check_status

      echo -n "Stopping system log daemon..."
      start-stop-daemon -K -q -o -p /var/run/syslogd.pid
      check_status

      sleep 1

      echo -n "Starting system log daemon..."
      start-stop-daemon -S -q -o -x /usr/sbin/syslogd -- -m 0
      check_status

      echo -n "Starting kernel log daemon..."
      start-stop-daemon -S -q -o -x /usr/sbin/klogd
      check_status
      ;;

    *)
      echo "Usage: $0 {start|stop|reload|restart}"
      exit 1
      ;;
  esac

  # End /etc/init.d/sysklogd

  8.9.  ɺ ũ  

  o  Ʒ Ͽ  Ѱ ɺ ũ ˸° Ѵ:

  chmod 755 rcS reboot halt mountfs umountfs sendsignals checkroot sysklogd
  cd ../rc0.d
  ln -s ../init.d/sysklogd K90sysklogd
  ln -s ../init.d/sendsignals S80sendsignals
  ln -s ../init.d/umountfs S90umountfs
  ln -s ../init.d/halt S99halt
  cd ../rc6.d
  ln -s ../init.d/sysklogd K90sysklogd
  ln -s ../init.d/sendsignals S80sendsignals
  ln -s ../init.d/umountfs S90umountfs
  ln -s ../init.d/reboot S99reboot
  cd ../rcS.d
  ln -s ../init.d/checkroot S05checkroot
  ln -s ../init.d/mountfs S10mountfs
  cd /etc/rc2.d
  ln -s ../init.d/sysklogd S03sysklogd

  8.10.  /etc/fstab  

  o  Ʒ ϵ /etc/fstab  :

     /dev/<LFS-partition designation> / ext2 defaults 0 1
     /dev/<swap-partition designation> none swap sw 0 0
     proc /proc proc defaults 0 0

  9.  ⺻ Ʈŷ 

  9.1.  Netkit-base ġϱ

  o  Netkit-base  Ǯ Ʒ Ͽ ġѴ:

  ./configure
  make; make install
  cd etc.sample; cp services protocols /etc
  mv /usr/bin/ping /bin

  9.2.  Net-tools ġ

  o  Net-tools  Ǯ Ʒ Ͽ ġѴ:

  make; make install
  mv /usr/bin/netstat /bin
  cd /usr/sbin; mv ifconfig route /sbin

  9.2.1.  /etc/init.d/localnet ƮũƮ 

  o  Ʒ ϵ /etc/init.d/localnet   .

  #!/bin/sh
  # Begin /etc/init.d/localnet

  check_status()
  {
    if [ $? = 0 ]
    then
      echo "OK"
    else
      echo "FAILED"
    fi
  }

  echo -n "Setting up loopback device..."
  /sbin/ifconfig lo 127.0.0.1
  check_status

  echo -n "Setting up hostname..."
  /bin/hostname --file /etc/hostname
  check_status

  # End /etc/init.d/localnet

  9.2.2.  Ѱ ɺ ũ 

  o  chmod 755 /etc/init.d/localnet  Ͽ  ˸° Ѵ.

  o  cd /etc/rcS.d; ln -s ../init.d/localnet S03localnet  Ͽ
      ɺ ũ Ѵ.

  9.2.3.  /etc/hostname  

  /etc/hostname    ȣƮ ̸  ȿ ִ´. 
   FQDN(Fully Qualified Domain Name) ƴϴ.   Ʈ
  󿡼  ǻ͸ θ    ̸̴.

  9.2.4.  /etc/hosts  

   Ʈ ī带 ϰ ʹٸ /etc/hosts  ȿ  IP ּҿ
  FQDN, ϴٸ ˸ƽ  ؾ Ѵ. Ʒ  ̴:

  <myip> myhost.mydomain.org aliases

  IP ּҰ 缳  IP ּ  ȿ ֵ ض.   
  :
  Class Networks
  A     10.0.0.0
  B     172.16.0.0 through 172.31.0.0
  C     192.168.0.0 through 192.168.255.0

   IP ּҴ 192.168.1.1  ִ.  IP  FQDN
  me.linuxfromscratch.org  ִ.

    Ʈ ī带      FQDN
  ʿϴ. ̴ Sendmail  α׷  ۵ϴ 
  ʿϴ ( Sendmail FQDN  ϸ ۵ ʴ´).

  Ʒ  Ʈ ī带  ʴ  /etc/hosts
  ̴:

  # Begin /etc/hosts (no network card version)
  127.0.0.1 me.lfs.org <contents of /etc/hostname> localhost
  # End /etc/hosts (no network card version)

  Ʒ Ʈ ī带 ϴ  /etc/hosts ̴:

  # Begin /etc/hosts (network card version)
  127.0.0.1 localhost
  192.168.1.1 me.lfs.org <contents of /etc/hostname>
  # End /etc/hosts (network card version)

  , 192.168.1.1 me.lfs.org  ȣ °(Ȥ 
  Ʈ/ý ڷκ IP ּҸ Ҵ޾Ұ  ӽ  Ʈ
   ȹ̶ ű⿡ °) ٲ۴.

  9.2.5.  /etc/init.d/ethnet  

   κ  Ʈ ī带 ϴ 쿡 شȴ. ׷
  ʴٸ  κ پѾ ȴ.

  Ʒ ϵ /etc/init.d/ethnet   :

  #!/bin/sh
  # Begin /etc/init.d/ethnet

  check_status()
  {
    if [ $? = 0 ]
    then
      echo "OK"
    else
      echo "FAILED"
    fi
  }

  /sbin/ifconfig eth0 <ipaddress>
  check_status

  # End /etc/init.d/ethnet

  9.2.6.  /etc/init.d/ethnet Ѱ ɺ ũ Ѵ.

  o  chmod 755 ethnet  Ͽ ˸°   Ѵ.

  o  cd ../rc2.d; ln -s ../init.d/ethnet S10ethnet  Ͽ ɺ
     ũ .

  9.2.7.  Ʈ  

  o  /etc/init.d/localnet Ͽ   localnet ũƮ
     ۽Ų.

  o  ethnet ũƮ ٸ /etc/init.d/ethnet Ͽ ̸
     ۽Ų.

  o  Ʒ Ͽ /etc/hosts   Ǿ ˻Ѵ:

  ping <your FQDN>
  ping <what you choose for hostname>
  ping localhost
  ping 127.0.0.1
  ping 192.168.1.1 (only when you configured your network card)

   ټ ping ɵ    ۵ؾ Ѵ. ׷ٸ
  ⺻ Ʈ  ۵ϴ ̴.

  9.3.  ý ˻

    Ʈ ġǾ ƮũƮ  
  Ʈ ǾǷ  ǻ͸ Ͽ  
  ũƮ  ۵ϴ   ˻縦   ð̴.
  켱 /etc/init.d 丮  Ͽ    (Ÿ
  ߸  ) ġ ٶ ̴.  ũƮ  
    ۵Ѵٸ ý ۰  ÿ  ۵ؾ Ѵ.
  ̸ ϴ   ϳ̴.  shutdown -r  ý
    LFS  Ͽ.  Ŀ   
  ýۿ   α Ʈ   ̴ (
  XDM̳ Ÿ ٸ Display Manager (XDM KDE  KDE ) 
  ʴ´ٸ).
     ⺻ LFS ý  غ Ǿ.
  ݺ  ͵  û̸  Ǵܿ  Ű
  پ  ִ. ׷  Ű ġ پѴ´ٸ (Ư
  ̺귯) ٸ Ű  ĥ  ִٴ  ؾ
  Ѵ.

  10.  Ʈ  ġ

  10.1.  SMTP ϱ

  10.1.1.  group user 

  Ʒ Ͽ Sendmail ʿ ϴ group :

  groupadd -g 1 bin
  groupadd -g 2 kmem
  groupadd -g 3 mail
  useradd -u 1 -g bin -d /bin -s /bin/sh bin

  10.1.2.  丮 

  Sendmail    /var/spool/mqueue 丮 ־д.
    Sendmail  Procmail Ƿ 츮 /var/mail
  ̶ 丮 ʿϴ.  丮 ϰ ˸ 
  Ѵ:

  mkdir /var/spool
  mkdir /var/mail
  cd /var/spool; ln -s ../mail mail
  chmod 700 /var/spool/mqueue
  chmod 775 /var/mail
  chgrp mail /var/mail
  chmod 1777 /tmp

  10.1.3.  Sendmail ġ

  o  Sendmail  Ǯ Ʒ Ͽ ġѴ:

  cd src
  ./Build; ./Build install

  10.1.4.  Sendmail 

  Sendmail ϴ   ͵ó  ʴ. Sendmail
  ϴ   ؾ       
    . ̰ 츮  ⺻̰ ǥ  ϴ
  ̴. Sendmail  ȣ µ ġ ʹٸ   
     ۾  ʴ.  Ư  Ϸ
  Ѵٸ ̹ ϴ /etc/sendmail.cf (Ȥ /etc/mail/sendmail.cf)
     ִ.

  o  Go to the cf directory cf 丮 ̵Ѵ.

  o  Ʒ ϵ cf/lfs.mc   :

  OSTYPE(LFS)
  FEATURE(nouucp)
  define(`LOCAL_MAILER_PATH', /usr/bin/procmail)
  MAILER(local)
  MAILER(smtp)

  o  touch ostype/LFS.m4  Ͽ  ostype/LFS.m4  .

  o  m4 m4/cf.m4 cf/lfs.mc > cf/lfs.cf  Ͽ lfs.mc 
     Ѵ.

  o  cf/lfs.cf  /etc/sendmail.cf  Ѵ.

  o  touch /etc/aliases  Ͽ  /etc/aliases  .

  o  sendmail -v -bi  Ͽ  () alias Ÿ̽
     ʱȭѴ.

  10.1.5.  Procmail ġ

  o  Procmail  Ǯ Ʒ Ͽ ġѴ:

  make; make install; make install-suid

  10.1.6.  /etc/init.d/sendmail ƮũƮ ۼ

  o  Ʒ ϵ /etc/init.d/sendmail   :

  #!/bin/sh
  # Begin /etc/init.d/sendmail

  check_status()
  {
    if [ $? = 0 ]
    then
      echo "OK"
    else
      echo "FAILED"
    fi
  }

  case "$1" in
    start)
      echo -n "Starting Sendmail..."
      start-stop-daemon -S -q -o -x /usr/sbin/sendmail -- -bd
      check_status
      ;;

    stop)
      echo -n "Stopping Sendmail..."
      start-stop-daemon -K -q -o -p /var/run/sendmail.pid
      check_status
      ;;

    reload)
      echo -n "Reloading Sendmail configuration file..."
      start-stop-daemon -K -q -s 1 -p /var/run/sendmail.pid
      check_status
      ;;

    restart)
      echo -n "Stopping Sendmail..."
      start-stop-daemon -K -q -o -p /var/run/sendmail.pid
      check_status

      sleep 1

      echo -n "Starting Sendmail..."
      start-stop-daemon -S -q -o -x /usr/sbin/sendmail -- -bd
      check_status
      ;;

    *)
      echo "Usage: $0 {start|stop|reload|restart}"
      exit 1
      ;;

  esac

  # End /etc/init.d/sendmail

  10.1.7.  Ѱ ɺ ũ Ѵ.

  o  chmod 755 /etc/init.d/sendmail  Ͽ ˸  Ѵ.

  o  Ʒ Ͽ ˸ ɺ ũ :

  cd /etc/init.d/rc2.d; ln -s ../init.d/sendmail S20sendmail
  cd ../rc0.d; ln -s ../init.d/sendmail K20sendmail
  cd ../rc6.d; ln -s ../init.d/sendmail K20sendmail

  10.2.  FTP 

  10.2.1.  user group 

  o  Ʒ Ͽ ʿ group :

  groupadd -g 65534 nogroup
  groupadd -g 4 ftp

  o  Ʒ Ͽ ʿ user :

  useradd -u 65534 -g nogroup -d /home nobody
  useradd -u 4 -g ftp -s /bin/sh -m ftp

  10.2.2.  Proftpd ġ

  o  Proftpd  Ǯ Ʒ Ͽ ġѴ:

  ./configure
  make; make install

  10.2.3.  /etc/init.d/proftpd ƮũƮ ۼ

  o  Ʒ ϵ /etc/init.d/proftpd   :

  #!/bin/sh
  # Begin /etc/init.d/proftpd

  check_status()
  {
    if [ $? = 0 ]
    then
      echo "OK"
    else
      echo "FAILED"
    fi
  }

  case "$1" in
    start)
      echo -n "Starting Pro FTP daemon..."
      start-stop-daemon -S -q -o -x /usr/sbin/proftpd
      check_status
      ;;

    stop)
      echo -n "Stopping Pro FTP daemon..."
      start-stop-daemon -K -q -o -x /usr/sbin/proftpd
      check_status
      ;;

    restart)
      echo -n "Stopping Pro FTP daemon..."
      start-stop-daemon -K -q -o -x /usr/sbin/proftpd
      check_status

      sleep 1

      echo -n "Starting Pro FTP daemon..."
      start-stop-daemon -S -q -o -x /usr/sbin/proftpd
      check_status
      ;;

    *)
      echo "Usage: $0 {start|stop|restart}"
      ;;

  esac

  # End /etc/init.d/proftpd

  10.2.4.  Ѱ ɺ ũ 

  o  chmod 755 /etc/init.d/proftpd  Ͽ ˸  Ѵ.

  o  Ʒ Ͽ ʿ ɺ ũ :

  cd /etc/rc2.d; ln -s ../init.d/proftpd S40proftpd
  cd ../rc0.d; ln -s ../init.d/proftpd K40proftpd
  cd ../rc6.d; ln -s ../init.d/proftpd K40proftpd

  10.3.  HTTP 

  10.3.1.  Apache ġ

  o  Apache  Ǯ Ʒ Ͽ ġѴ:

  ./configure
  make; make install

  10.3.2.  Apache 

     ʴ. 츮 ؾ    /usr/apache/man
  θ /usr/share/misc/man.conf ߰ϴ  ̴.

  o  /usr/share/misc/man.conf  Ѵ.

  o  MANPATH ϴ ٸ  Ʒ MANPATH /usr/apache/man ̶
      ߰Ѵ.

  10.3.3.  /etc/init.d/apache ƮũƮ 

  o  Ʒ ϵ /etc/init.d/apache   :

  #!/bin/sh
  # Begin /etc/init.d/apache

  case "$1" in
    start)
      echo -n "Starting Apache HTTP daemon..."
      /usr/apache/bin/apachectl start
      ;;

    stop)
      echo -n "Stopping Apache HTTP daemon..."
      /usr/apache/bin/apachectl stop
      ;;

    restart)
      echo -n "Restarting Apache HTTP daemon..."
      /usr/apache/bin/apachectl restart
      ;;

    force-restart)
      echo -n "Stopping Apache HTTP daemon..."
      /usr/apache/bin/apachectl stop

      sleep 1

      echo -n "Starting Apache HTTP daemon..."
      /usr/apache/bin/apachectl start
      ;;

    *)
      echo "Usage: $0 {start|stop|restart|force-restart}"
      ;;

  esac

  # End /etc/init.d/apache

  10.3.4.  Ѱ ɺ ũ 

  o  chmod 755 /etc/init.d/apache  Ͽ ˸  Ѵ.

  o  Ʒ Ͽ ʿ ɺ ũ :

  cd /etc/rc2.d; ln -s ../init.d/apache S50apache
  cd ../rc0.d; ln -s ../init.d/apache K50apache
  cd ../rc6.d; ln -s ../init.d/apache K50apache

  10.4.  Telnet 

  10.4.1.  telnet  Ŭ̾Ʈ ġ

  o  Netkit-telnet  Ǯ Ʒ Ͽ ġѴ:

  ./configure
  make; make install

  10.4.2.  /etc/inetd.conf  .

  o  Ʒ ϵ /etc/inetd.conf   :

  # Begin /etc/inetd.conf

  telnet stream tcp nowait root /usr/sbin/in.telnetd

  # End /etc/inetd.conf

  10.4.3.  /etc/init.d/inetd ƮũƮ 

  o  Ʒ ϵ /etc/init.d/inetd   :

  #!/bin/sh
  # Begin /etc/init.d/inetd

  check_status()
  {
    if [ $? = 0 ]
    then
      echo "OK"
    else
      echo "FAILED"
    fi
  }

  case "$1" in
    start)
      echo -n "Starting Internet Server daemon..."
      start-stop-daemon -S -q -o -x /usr/sbin/inetd
      check_status
      ;;

    stop)
      echo -n "Stopping Internet Server daemon..."
      start-stop-daemon -K -q -o -p /var/run/inetd.pid
      check_status
      ;;

    reload)
      echo -n "Reloading Internet Server configuration file..."
      start-stop-daemon -K -q -s 1 -p /var/run/inetd.pid
      check_status
      ;;

    restart)
      echo -n "Stopping Internet Server daemon..."
      start-stop-daemon -K -q -o -p /var/run/inetd.pid
      check_status

      sleep 1

      echo -n "Starting Internet Server daemon..."
      start-stop-daemon -S -q -o -x /usr/sbin/inetd
      check_status
      ;;

    *)
      echo "Usage: $0 {start|stop|reload|restart}"
      ;;

  esac

  # End /etc/init.d/inetd

  10.4.4.  Ѱ ɺ ũ 

  o  chmod 755 /etc/init.d/inetd  Ͽ ˸  Ѵ.

  o  Ʒ Ͽ ʿ ɺ ũ :

  cd /etc/rc2.d; ln -s ../init.d/inetd S30inetd
  cd ../rc0.d; ln -s ../init.d/inetd K30inetd
  cd ../rc6.d; ln -s ../init.d/inetd K30 inetd

  10.5.  PPP 

  10.5.1.  Ŀ ϱ

   ͳݿ Ǳ  Ŀ ppp ؾ Ѵ. ̴ Ŀ
  ȿ ppp   ־ ϰų ppp ̹ ʿ 
  ε  ִ  ν ϴ.   ϵ
  ʿϴٸ  Ŀ  Ͽ ۾ ϶. ̹  LFS
  Ŀ ppp Ѵٸ Ŀ   ʿ .

  10.5.2.  group 

  o  groupadd -g7 daemon  Ͽ damon group .

  10.5.3.  PPP ġ

  o  PPP  Ǯ Ʒ Ͽ ġѴ:

  ./configure
  make; make install

  10.5.4.  /etc/resolv.conf 

  o  Ʒ ϵ /etc/resolv.conf   :

  # Begin /etc/resolv.conf

  nameserver <IP address of your ISP's primary DNS server>
  nameserver <IP address of your ISP's secundary DNS server>

  # End /etc/resolv.conf

  10.5.5.  /etc/ppp/peers/provider  

  o  /etc/ppp/peers 丮 .

  o  Ʒ ϵ /etc/ppp/peers/provider   :

  # Begin /etc/ppp/peers/provider

  noauth
  connect "/usr/sbin/chat -v -f /etc/chatscripts/provider"
  /dev/ttyS1
  115200
  defaultroute
  noipdefault

  # End /etc/ppp/peers/provider

  10.5.6.  /etc/chatscripts/provider 

  o  /etc/chatscripts 丮 .

  o  Ʒ ϵ /etc/chatscripts/provider   :

  # Begin /etc/chatscripts/provider

  ABORT BUSY
  ABORT "NO CARRIER"
  ABORT VOICE
  ABORT "NO DIALTONE"
  ABORT "NO ANSWER"
  "" ATZ
  OK ATDT <ISP's phonenumber>
  TIMEOUT 35
  CONNECT ''
  TIMEOUT 10
  ogin: \q<username>
  TIMEOUT 10
  assword: \q<mysecretpassword>

  # End /etc/chatscripts/provider

  10.5.7.  ȣ   

   ũƮ鿡  (̰͵  X    
  ϴ ũƮ̴)    ISP pap̳ chap  
   chatscripts ̿Ͽ Ͽ.  ISP pap ϱ 
    /   ణ ٸ  ϱ Ͽ. 
  쿡   .        
      ְ    Ͼ  ڼ  
  ־.

       κ  tail -f /var/log/syslog 
  ϴ 츦  Ƽ  ̳ ȣ  ñ 
  ͵    ִ.

  11.  Ʈ Ŭ̾Ʈ ġ

  11.1.  Email Ŭ̾Ʈ ġϱ

  11.1.1.  Mailx ġ

  o  Mailx  Ǯ Ʒ Ͽ ġѴ:

  make; make install

  11.1.2.  Mutt ġ

    ȣϴ email Ŭ̾Ʈ Mutt̶ 츮 Mutt ġ
  ̴. Mutt ƴ  ϴ ٸ Ŭ̾Ʈ ġص
  ϴ.

     Ŭ̾Ʈ X ̶ (Netscape Mail
  ) 츮 X ġ   ɾƼ ٷ Ѵ.

  o  Mutt  Ǯ Ʒ Ͽ ġѴ:

  ./configure
  make; make install

  11.1.3.  Fetchmail ġ

  o  Fetchmail  Ǯ Ʒ Ͽ ġѴ:

  ./configure
  make; make install

  11.1.4.  email ý ˻

   email ý ˻ ̴.

  o  /usr/sbin/sendmail -bd  Ͽ Sendmail Ѵ (
      θ Ͽ sendmail Ͽ Ѵ. ׷ 
     kill -1 <sendmail pid>  Ͽ sendmail ε ǵ  
     .

  o  echo "this is an email test" | mail -s test root  Ͽ 
     ڽſ  .

  o  mail α׷      ̴.

  o  useradd -m testuser; passwd testuser  Ͽ  ڸ
     .

  o  echo "test mail to testuser" | mail -s test testuser  Ͽ
     testuser  .

  o  testuser α  ( α׷ ̿Ͽ) ̸ Դ
     ˻ϰ testuser  ´ Ͱ   root
      .

    ߴٸ   ̸Ͽ ؼ  ۵ϴ
  ̸ ý   ̴.  ͳݿ    ʿ
  . userdel -r testuser  Ͽ testuser   ִ.

  11.2.  FTP Ŭ̾Ʈ ġ

  11.2.1.  Netkit-ftp ġ

  o  Netkit-ftp  Ǯ Ʒ Ͽ ġѴ:

  ./configure
  make; make install

  11.2.2.  FTP ý ˻

  o  /etc/init.d/proftpd start  Ͽ Pro ftp  ۽Ų.

  o  ftp localhost  Ͽ  ȣƮ ftp  .

  o  anonymous ڷ α  α׾ƿѴ.

  11.3.  HTTP Ŭ̾Ʈ ġ

  11.3.1.  Zlib ġ

  Zlib PKware zip̳ unzip  α׷鿡 Ǵ 
  ̺귯̴. Ư ϵ ϱ ؼ Lynx  ̺귯
    ִ.

  o  Zlib  Ǯ Ʒ Ͽ ġѴ:

  ./configure --shared
  make; make install

  11.3.2.  Lynx ġ

  o  Lynx  Ǯ Ʒ Ͽ ġѴ:

  ./configure --libdir=/etc --with-zlib
  make; make install
  make install-help; make install-doc

  11.3.3.  HTTP ý ˻

  o  /etc/init.d/apache start  Ͽ Apache http  ۽Ų.

  o  lynx http://localhost  Ͽ  ȣƮ http  .

  o  lynx .

  11.4.  ڳ Ŭ̾Ʈ ġ

   忡 ڳ  ġ  ̹ ڳ Ŭ̾Ʈ ȴ.

  11.4.1.  ڳ ý ˻

  o  /etc/init.d/inetd start Ͽ ͳ   Ѵ
     (telnetd Ͽ).

  o  telnet localhost  Ͽ  ȣƮ ڳ  .

  o  α  ȣ׾ƿѴ.

  11.5.  PPP Ŭ̾Ʈ ġ

  11.5.1.   ũƮ ۼϱ

  o  Ʒ ϵ /usr/bin/pan   .

  #!/bin/sh
  # Begin /usr/bin/pon

  /usr/sbin/pppd call provider

  # End /usr/bin/pon

  11.5.2.    ũƮ ۼϱ

  o  Ʒ ϵ /usr/bin/poff   .

  #!/bin/sh
  # Begin /usr/bin/poff

  set -- `cat /var/run/ppp*.pid`

  case $# in
    0)
      kill -15 `ps axw|grep "pppd call [[allnum:]]+"|grep -v grep|awk '{print $1}'`
      exit 0
      ;;
    1)
      kill -15 $1
      exit 0
      ;;
  esac

  # End /usr/bin/poff

  11.5.3.  PPP ý ˻

  o  pan Ͽ ͳݿ Ѵ.

  o  http://www.linuxfromscratch.org  Ʈ  .

  o  poff Ͽ ͳ  ´.

  12.  X  ý ġ

  12.1.  X ġ

  o  X  Ǯ Ʒ Ͽ ġѴ:

  make World
  make install; make install.man

     "makedepend" ũƮ stddef.h stdarg.h,
  float.h ش  ã  ٴ    𸥴. 
  ü     ǹǷ  ũƮ Ϸŭ ȶ
   ̴. ٳ, Ϻ ɺ ũ   
  ذ ʴ´. ٸ    ų ̴.

       makedepend  ׳ ϴ°
  . "pointer targets in passing arg x of somefunction differ in
  signedness"   ִ.  ϵ Ѵٸ   
   ׷ ʾҴ.

  12.2.  /etc/ld.so.conf 

  Ʒ ϵ /etc/ld.so.conf   :

  # Begin /etc/ld.so.conf

  /lib
  /usr/lib
  /usr/X11R6/lib

  # End /etc/ld.so.conf

  o  ldconfig Ͽ  δ ĳ Ѵ.

  12.3.  /usr/include/X11 ɺ ũ 

  o  óⰡ X11/*.h ϵ ã  ֵ (ҽ ڵ #include
     忡   ִ) ó ɺ ũ : ln -s
     /usr/X11R6/include/X11 /usr/include/X11

  12.4.  Creating the /usr/X11 symlink /usr/X11 ɺ ũ 

   Ʈ ϵ /usr/X11 ϱ   X
     ִ  ʿ䰡 .  ɺ ũ X ġ
    Ƿ 츮   Ѵ.

  o  ln -s /usr/X11R6 /usr/X11  Ͽ /usr/X11 ɺ ũ
     .

  12.5.  /usr/X11/bin $PATH ȯ  ߰ϱ

  /usr/X11/bin θ $PATH ȯ  ߰ϴ    ִ.
    ϳ Ʒ :

  o  export PATH=$PATH:/usr/X11/bin  ϵ /root/.bashrc 
      .

    ϱ ؼ ٽ αؾ Ѵ. Ǵ  export
  PATH=$PATH:/usr/X11/bin  Ͽ θ   ִ.

  12.6.  X 

  o  xf86config Ͽ X  Ѵ.

  xf86config   XF86Config   ϴٸ
    ýۿ  ִ XF86Config  /etc ϴ
  ͵  ̴. xf86config α׷  ʴ Ư 
   ʿ 쿣 ̷ ؾ  ̴.   XF86Config
     ִ.    ؾ   Ȯ
   Ѵٸ ſ ð Ҹ ۾  ̴.

  12.7.  X ׽Ʈ

   X ˸°  Ǿ ó    ̴.

  o  startx Ͽ X  ۽Ų.

  X  ۵ǰ   xterm ũ  Ѵ.  ̷ٸ
  X   ̴.

  12.8.  Window Maker ġ

    ޴ Window Maker ġϱ ߴ. ̴  
   WindowMaker  ԰ ̿ ſ ϰ ֱ ̴.
  ó   ϴ  Ȱ  ʿ .  ϴ
   ġص ȴ. ˴ٽ     ޴
  ÿ ġϰ $HOME/.xinitrc (Ȥ xdm   $HOME/.xsession)
   ȿ  Ͽ      ִ.

  12.9.  Window Maker ġ  ý غ

  12.9.1.  libPropList ġ

  o  libPropList  Ǯ Ʒ Ͽ ġѴ:

  ./configure
  make; make install

  12.9.2.  libXpm ġ

  o  libXpm  Ǯ Ʒ Ͽ ġѴ:

  xmkmf; make Makefiles; make includes; make depend
  cd lib; make; make install
  cd ..; make; make install

  Makefile  ϳ ׶ ణ ٸ ġ  ʿϴ. 
  Ű ġ  ġ  lib 丮 ϵ鿡 ϴµ
  lib 丮 ȿ  ϵ ã ʴ´.  츮  ϵ
   Ű    ġؾ Ѵ.

  12.9.3.  libpng ġ

  o  libpng  Ǯ Ʒ Ͽ ġѴ:

  make -f scripts/makefile.lnx; make -f scripts/makefile.lnx install

  12.9.4.  libtiff ġ

  o  libtiff  Ǯ Ʒ Ͽ ġѴ:

  ./configure
  make; make install

  12.9.5.  libjpeg ġ

  o  libjepg  Ǯ Ʒ Ͽ ġѴ:

  ./configure --enable-shared --enable-static
  make; make install

  12.9.6.  libungif ġ

  o  libungif  Ǯ Ʒ Ͽ ġѴ:

  ./configure
  make; make install

  12.9.7.  WindowMaker ġ

  o  WindowMaker  Ǯ Ʒ Ͽ ġѴ:

  ./configure
  make; make install

  12.10.   δ ĳ 

  o  ldconfig Ͽ  δ ĳ Ѵ.

  12.11.  WindowMaker 

  WindowMaker  ڴ    wmaker.inst ũƮ
  ؾ Ѵ.  ũƮ ʿ ϵ  Ȩ 丮
    $HOME/.xinitrc  Ѵ (   ٸ
  Ѵ).

  o  wmaker.inst Ͽ  WindowMaker Ѵ.

  12.12.  WindowMaker ˻

  o  startx Ͽ X    WindowMaker  ޴
      ϴ ȮѴ.

  13.  ڷ

   ٿε ްų 츸  å, Ͽ, Ÿ ٸ 
   Ʒ ִ.   ϱ  Ϻκ̴. 츮 
    å ˰ Ǿ   þ⸦ Ѵ.

  13.1.  å

  o  Sendmail published by O'Reilly. ISBN: 1-56592-222-0

  o  Linux Network Administrator's Guide published by O'Reilly. ISBN:
     1-56592-087-2

  o  Running Linux published by O'Reilly. ISBN: 1-56592-151-8

  13.2.  Ͽ 

  o  ISP-Hookup-HOWTO at http://ww.linuxdoc.org

  o  Linux Network Administrator's Guide online at
     http://www.linuxdoc.org

  13.3.  Ÿ

  o  پ ޴ info  Ű鿡 ִ.

  14.  

   Linux From Scratch HOWTO  ߴ.   
      ˰ Ǵ   Ǿ⸦ ٶ.
     ٷ Ѵٰ ϴ  ( ̳
   ߿ϴ    ִ Ÿ Ʈ) 
  ִٸ 츮 ˷޶.  , Ȱ Բ  HWOTO 
    ִ.

  :  v2.4 release  ϴ. 5 4ڷ(5̴?
  --;) v2.3.2 release Ǿµ  stable ϴٰ մϴ. v2.2
  bug鵵 緮 fixǾٴ±. v2.4 ʹ ״   
    Ǿ ڱ:) Ҿ... v2.3  LinuxDoc DTD
  ƴ DocBook DTD ϴ  ۾  ؾ  ..:(

  15.  Copyright & Licensing Information

  Copyright (C) 1999 by Gerard Beekmans. This document may be
  distributed only subject to the terms and conditions set forth in the
  LDP License at http://www.linuxdoc.org/COPYRIGHT.html.

  It is not necessary to display the license notice, as described in the
  LDP License, when only a small part of this document (the HOWTO) is
  quoted for informational or similar purposes. However, I do require
  you to display with the quotation(s) a line similar to the following
  line: "Quoted from the LFS-HOWTO at http://huizen.dds.nl/~glb/

  ǹ̸ ״ ϰ ȿ    Copyright License
  κ  ʽϴ.

